Bi2O3: enthalpy of formation

11 accepted literature formation-enthalpy value(s) (experimental 10, unspecified 1).

Systems: Bi–O

Literature values

Enthalpy of formation of Bi2O3 reported in the literature (11)
Value	Phase as printed	T (K)	Class	Method	System	Source	Location
-590.2 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	α-Bi2O3	298.15	experimental	emf 2nd law	Bi–O	[1] Risold 1995 cites S 1984	Table 6, p. 5, row 8 report
-587.5 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	α-Bi2O3	298.15	experimental	Mass spectrometry	Bi–O	[1] Risold 1995 cites Sidorov 1980	Table 6, p. 5, row 4 report
-581.6 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	α-Bi2O3	298.15	experimental	emf 3rd law	Bi–O	[1] Risold 1995 cites Cahen 1978	Table 6, p. 5, row 7 report
-576.6 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	α-Bi2O3	298.15	experimental	Solution calorimetry	Bi–O	[1] Risold 1995 cites Ditte 1892	Table 6, p. 5, row 1 report
-573.9 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	α-Bi2O3	298.15	experimental	Combusion calorimetry	Bi–O	[1] Risold 1995 cites Mah 1961	Table 6, p. 5, row 3 report
-569 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	α-Bi2O3	298.15	experimental	Solution calorimetry	Bi–O	[1] Risold 1995 cites Mixter 1909 doi	Table 6, p. 5, row 2 report
-567.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	α-Bi2O3	298.15	experimental	emf 3rd law	Bi–O	[1] Risold 1995 cites Schaefer 1985	Table 6, p. 5, row 10 report
-567.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	α-Bi2O3	298.15	experimental	emf 3rd law	Bi–O	[1] Risold 1995 cites Rao 1971 doi	Table 6, p. 5, row 5 report
-563.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	α-Bi2O3	298.15	experimental	emf 3rd law	Bi–O	[1] Risold 1995 cites S 1984	Table 6, p. 5, row 9 report
-550.6 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	α-Bi2O3	298.15	experimental	emf 3rd law	Bi–O	[1] Risold 1995 cites Chatterji 1973 doi	Table 6, p. 5, row 6 report
-570.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	α-Bi2O3	298.15	unspecified		Bi–O	[1] Risold 1995	Table 6, p. 5, row 11 report

Uncertainty budget

Components kept separate, in the value's unit (literature SCHEMA.md, UNCERTAINTY_CALIBRATION.md): effective = max(sqrt(max(printed, reading, method)^2 + composition^2 + conversion^2), scatter). The method floor is the robust between-study scatter of the method class in ORCHID (calibrated) or a documented prior; printed values and printed uncertainties are unchanged.

Uncertainty budget of the literature values of Bi2O3
Value	Unit	Reading	Method (class, basis)	Effective
-590.2	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.05	23 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold)	23
-587.5	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.05	21 (kems_vapour, calibrated)	21
-581.6	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.05	23 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold)	23
-576.6	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.05	16 (solution_reaction_calorimetry, calibrated)	16
-573.9	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.05	5 (combustion_calorimetry, cleaned_below_threshold)	5
-569	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.05	16 (solution_reaction_calorimetry, calibrated)	16
-567.8	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.05	23 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold)	23
-567.4	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.05	23 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold)	23
-563.4	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.05	23 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold)	23
-550.6	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.05	23 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold)	23
-570.3	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.05	17.5 (unknown, calibrated)	17.5

Sources

D. Risold, B. Hallstedt, L. J. Gauckler, H. L. Lukas, S. G. Fries, The bismuth-oxygen system, JPE 16 (1995). doi:10.1007/bf02667306

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735943
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); G. Kim, S. V. Meschel, P. Nash, W. Chen, Experimental formation enthalpies for intermetallic phases and other inorganic compounds, Scientific Data 4 (2017) 170162, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.162; B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file. Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_dft_benchmark_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735943},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735943},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}