Co5Ge3: enthalpy of formation

26 accepted literature formation-enthalpy value(s) (experimental 11, model 15); experimental median -17.237 kJ/mol-atom (n = 7); OQMD -16.532 kJ/mol-atom (oqmd-1437178).

Systems: Co–Ge

Literature values

Enthalpy of formation of Co5Ge3 reported in the literature (26)
Value	Phase as printed	T (K)	Class	Method	System	Source	Location
-20.136 per mol-atom ± 1179	βCo5Ge3	1060	experimental		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019 cites Predel 1979 doi	Table 4, p. 9, row 19 report
-20.136 kJ/mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	1060	experimental		Co–Ge	[2] Dong 2013 cites Predel 1979 doi	Table 6, p. 5, row 13 report
-19.6 kJ/mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	298.15	experimental	direct synthesis calorimetry	Co–Ge	[2] Dong 2013 cites Kleppa 1990	Table 5, p. 4, row 6 report
-19 kJ/mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	298.15	experimental		Co–Ge	[2] Dong 2013 cites Niessen 1983 doi	Table 5, p. 4, row 7 report
-17.237 per mol-atom ± 845	βCo5Ge3	1060	experimental		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019 cites Predel 1979 doi	Table 4, p. 9, row 16 report
-17.237 kJ/mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	1060	experimental		Co–Ge	[2] Dong 2013 cites Predel 1979 doi	Table 6, p. 5, row 11 report
-15.868 per mol-atom ± 1104	βCo5Ge3	1060	experimental		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019 cites Predel 1979 doi	Table 4, p. 9, row 13 report
-15.868 kJ/mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	1060	experimental		Co–Ge	[2] Dong 2013 cites Predel 1979 doi	Table 6, p. 5, row 9 report
-13.697 kJ/mol-atom ± 0.87	α(Co)+βCo5Ge3	1060	experimental		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019 cites Predel 1979 doi	Table 4, p. 9, row 10 report
-13.697 per mol-atom ± 870	α(Co) + βCo5Ge3	1060	experimental		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019 cites Predel 1979 doi	Table 4, p. 9, row 10 report
-13.697 kJ/mol-atom	α(Co) + βCo5Ge3	1060	experimental		Co–Ge	[2] Dong 2013 cites Predel 1979 doi	Table 6, p. 5, row 7 report
-18.665 kJ/mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	1060	model		Co–Ge	[2] Dong 2013	Table 6, p. 5, row 14 report
-18.381 per mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	1060	model		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019	Table 4, p. 9, row 18 report
-18.279 kJ/mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	298.15	model		Co–Ge	[2] Dong 2013	Table 5, p. 4, row 8 report
-18.16 per mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	1060	model		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019	Table 4, p. 9, row 20 report
-17.185 per mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	1060	model		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019	Table 4, p. 9, row 15 report
-16.665 per mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	1060	model		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019	Table 4, p. 9, row 17 report
-16.171 kJ/mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	1060	model		Co–Ge	[2] Dong 2013	Table 6, p. 5, row 12 report
-15.844 per mol-atom	α(Co) + βCo5Ge3	1060	model		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019	Table 4, p. 9, row 12 report
-15.844 kJ/mol-atom	α(Co)+βCo5Ge3	1060	model		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019	Table 4, p. 9, row 12 report
-15.124 per mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	1060	model		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019	Table 4, p. 9, row 14 report
-14.314 kJ/mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	1060	model		Co–Ge	[2] Dong 2013	Table 6, p. 5, row 10 report
-13.797 per mol-atom	α(Co) + βCo5Ge3	1060	model		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019	Table 4, p. 9, row 11 report
-13.797 kJ/mol-atom	α(Co)+βCo5Ge3	1060	model		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019	Table 4, p. 9, row 11 report
-13.161 kJ/mol-atom	α(Co) + βCo5Ge3	1060	model		Co–Ge	[2] Dong 2013	Table 6, p. 5, row 8 report
-10.994 per mol-atom	βCo5Ge3	1060	model		Co–Ge	[1] Zeng 2019	Table 4, p. 9, row 21 report

Uncertainty budget

Components kept separate, in the value's unit (literature SCHEMA.md, UNCERTAINTY_CALIBRATION.md): effective = max(sqrt(max(printed, reading, method)^2 + composition^2 + conversion^2), scatter). The method floor is the robust between-study scatter of the method class in ORCHID (calibrated) or a documented prior; printed values and printed uncertainties are unchanged.

Uncertainty budget of the literature values of Co5Ge3
Value	Unit	Printed	Reading	Method (class, basis)	Effective
-20.136	per mol-atom	1179	5.000e-4	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom	1179
-20.136	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-19.6	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.2 (solution_reaction_calorimetry, calibrated)	3.2
-19	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-17.237	per mol-atom	845	5.000e-4	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom	845
-17.237	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-15.868	per mol-atom	1104	5.000e-4	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom	1104
-15.868	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-13.697	kJ/mol-atom	0.87	5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-13.697	per mol-atom	870	5.000e-4	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom	870
-13.697	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-18.665	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-18.381	per mol-atom		5.000e-4	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom
-18.279	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-18.16	per mol-atom		5.000e-4	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom
-17.185	per mol-atom		5.000e-4	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom
-16.665	per mol-atom		5.000e-4	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom
-16.171	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-15.844	per mol-atom		5.000e-4	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom
-15.844	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-15.124	per mol-atom		5.000e-4	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom
-14.314	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-13.797	per mol-atom		5.000e-4	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom
-13.797	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-13.161	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-10.994	per mol-atom		5.000e-4	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom	unit 'per mol-atom' not convertible to kJ/mol-atom

DFT formation energies

Lowest-energy entries at this composition. Materials Project and OQMD use different energy references and are never averaged. 1 eV/atom = 96.485 kJ/mol-atom.

DFT formation energy of Co5Ge3
Source	Entry	kJ/mol-atom	eV/atom	Space group	E above hull (kJ/mol-atom)	E above hull (eV/atom)	Theoretical
OQMD	oqmd-1437178	-16.532	-0.171339	C2	0.786	0.0081	yes

DFT sources: A. Jain et al., Commentary: The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002. doi:10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501-1509; S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010. doi:10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 (CC BY 4.0);

Sources

Yinping Zeng, Yong Du, Han Li, Peng Zhou, Shuhong Liu, Kaiming Cheng et al., Thermodynamic description and solidified microstructure of the Co-Ge system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 793, 480-491 (2019). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.205
S.S. Dong, S.G. Liu, X.M. Tao, F.H. Xiao, L.H. Huang, F. Yang et al., Thermodynamic optimization of Co–Ge binary system, Thermochimica Acta 572, 94-100 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.tca.2013.08.026

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735943
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); G. Kim, S. V. Meschel, P. Nash, W. Chen, Experimental formation enthalpies for intermetallic phases and other inorganic compounds, Scientific Data 4 (2017) 170162, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.162; B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file. Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_dft_benchmark_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735943},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735943},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}