# Cr3C2: enthalpy of formation > Enthalpy of formation of Cr3C2: 17 literature value(s) with sources, pages and quotes, from ORCHID. HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cr3C2.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cr3C2.md 17 accepted literature formation-enthalpy value(s) (experimental 13, model 4). Systems: [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) ## Literature values Table: Enthalpy of formation of Cr3C2 reported in the literature (17) | Value | Phase as printed | T (K) | Class | Method | System | Source | Location | Quote | |---:|---|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---| | -114.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | experimental | CO equilibrium pressure (1965) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Gleiser 1965_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/j100889a519) | Table II, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-CINO6FOIC4` | | | -102.1 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | experimental | EMF, BaF2-BaC2 (1984) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Coltters 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02657382) | Table II, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-7JGSGQZVTT` | | | -95.6 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | experimental | CO equilibrium pressure (1944) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Kelley 2004_ | Table II, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-PUDH4EUG74` | | | -77.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | experimental | combustion calorimetry (1969) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Mah 1969_ | Table II, p. 4, row 13; `ORC-MJNINJ2Q7X` | | | -76.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | experimental | CO equilibrium pressure (1972) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Kulkarni 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02647039) | Table II, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-RE4AMDEUB7` | | | -72.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | experimental | EMF, CaF2 (2001) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Kleykamp 2001_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2801%2901012-x) | Table II, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-ZJNZO2UYX5` | | | -71.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | experimental | EMF, CaF2 (2003) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004 | Table II, p. 4, row 12; `ORC-A4DIHI62D2` | | | -66.9 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | experimental | EMF, CaF2 (1989) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Du 1989_ | Table II, p. 4, row 11; `ORC-R7GDR4ZTOF` | | | -65.5 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | experimental | EMF, CaF2 (1971) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Tanaka 1971_ | Table II, p. 4, row 10; `ORC-SCP3PQ26VT` | | | -64.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | experimental | EMF, ThO2-Y2O3 (1971) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Mabuchi 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02913393) | Table II, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-EWIDSAPZ72` | | | -63.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | experimental | CH4/H2 gas equilibrium (1996) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Anthonysamy 1996_ | Table II, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-FSG5YFB5MP` | | | -56.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | experimental | Knudsen effusion cells (1963) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Vintaikin 1963_ | Table II, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-R2V56ARAZJ` | | | -56.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | experimental | EMF, CaF2 (1969) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Kleykamp 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19690730407) | Table II, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-EKRRJZDBXW` | | | -87.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | model | estimation (1963) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Wicks 1963_ | Table II, p. 4, row 15; `ORC-KTGXT7JFNW` | | | -85.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | model | estimation (1993) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Barin 1993_ | Table II, p. 4, row 17; `ORC-H5CWN5SGAG` | | | -71.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | model | estimation (1987) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Andersson 1987_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2887%2990045-9) | Table II, p. 4, row 16; `ORC-CS7AV4HOKT` | | | -68.97 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | Cr3C2 | 298.15 | model | estimation (1961) | [C–Cr](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html) | [1] Teng 2004; _cites Storms 1967_ | Table II, p. 4, row 14; `ORC-Y2YDBY3TOV` | | ### Uncertainty budget Components kept separate, in the value's unit (literature [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md), [UNCERTAINTY_CALIBRATION.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/UNCERTAINTY_CALIBRATION.md)): effective = max(sqrt(max(printed, reading, method)^2 + composition^2 + conversion^2), scatter). The method floor is the robust between-study scatter of the method class in ORCHID (calibrated) or a documented prior; printed values and printed uncertainties are unchanged. Table: Uncertainty budget of the literature values of Cr3C2 | Value | Unit | Printed | Reading | Method (class, basis) | Composition | Scatter | Conversion | Effective | |---:|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---:|---:| | -114.4 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 17.5 (equilibration_other, calibrated) | | | | 17.5 | | -102.1 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 23 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold) | | | | 23 | | -95.6 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 17.5 (equilibration_other, calibrated) | | | | 17.5 | | -77.7 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 5 (combustion_calorimetry, cleaned_below_threshold) | | | | 5 | | -76.7 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 17.5 (equilibration_other, calibrated) | | | | 17.5 | | -72.3 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 23 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold) | | | | 23 | | -71.7 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 23 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold) | | | | 23 | | -66.9 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 23 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold) | | | | 23 | | -65.5 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 23 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold) | | | | 23 | | -64.4 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 23 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold) | | | | 23 | | -63.8 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 17.5 (equilibration_other, calibrated) | | | | 17.5 | | -56.8 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 21 (kems_vapour, calibrated) | | | | 21 | | -56.4 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 23 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold) | | | | 23 | | -87.8 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 19.5 (model_calculated, calibrated) | | | | 19.5 | | -85.3 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 19.5 (model_calculated, calibrated) | | | | 19.5 | | -71.4 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.05 | 19.5 (model_calculated, calibrated) | | | | 19.5 | | -68.97 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.005 | 19.5 (model_calculated, calibrated) | | | | 19.5 | ## Sources 1. L. D. Teng, K. G. Lu, R. E. Aune, S. Seetharaman, Thermodynamic investigations of Cr3C2 and reassessment of the Cr-C system, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 3673-3680 (2004). [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0273-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0273-7) ## Please cite - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735943 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065 Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); G. Kim, S. V. Meschel, P. Nash, W. Chen, Experimental formation enthalpies for intermetallic phases and other inorganic compounds, Scientific Data 4 (2017) 170162, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.162; B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file. Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes. ```bibtex @misc{orchid_literature_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_dft_benchmark_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735943}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735943}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_data_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } ``` --- Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).