Er5Ge3: enthalpy of formation

5 accepted literature formation-enthalpy value(s) (experimental 2, model 3); experimental median -95.4 kJ/mol-atom (n = 2); Materials Project -77.425 kJ/mol-atom (mp-aaaaarny); OQMD -77.604 kJ/mol-atom (oqmd-18316).

Systems: Er–Ge

Literature values

Enthalpy of formation of Er5Ge3 reported in the literature (5)
Value	Phase as printed	T (K)	Class	Method	System	Source	Location
-95.6 kJ/mol-atom ± 2	Er5Ge3	298.15	experimental	Calorimeter	Er–Ge	[1] Achgar 2017 cites Meschel 1997 doi	Table 5, p. 7, row 2 report
-95.2 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.7	Er5Ge3	950	experimental	EMF	Er–Ge	[1] Achgar 2017 cites Sidorko 2008	Table 5, p. 7, row 1 report
-91.88 kJ/mol-atom	Er5Ge3	950	model	Optimization	Er–Ge	[1] Achgar 2017	Table 5, p. 7, row 6 report
-91.45 kJ/mol-atom	Er5Ge3	950	model	Optimization	Er–Ge	[1] Achgar 2017	Table 5, p. 7, row 5 report
-75 kJ/mol-atom	Er5Ge3		model	Prediction	Er–Ge	[1] Achgar 2017 cites A 1983	Table 5, p. 7, row 3 report

Uncertainty budget

Components kept separate, in the value's unit (literature SCHEMA.md, UNCERTAINTY_CALIBRATION.md): effective = max(sqrt(max(printed, reading, method)^2 + composition^2 + conversion^2), scatter). The method floor is the robust between-study scatter of the method class in ORCHID (calibrated) or a documented prior; printed values and printed uncertainties are unchanged.

Uncertainty budget of the literature values of Er5Ge3
Value	Unit	Printed	Reading	Method (class, basis)	Effective
-95.6	kJ/mol-atom	2	0.05	3.2 (solution_reaction_calorimetry, calibrated)	3.2
-95.2	kJ/mol-atom	2.7	0.05	4.6 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold)	4.6
-91.88	kJ/mol-atom		0.005	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-91.45	kJ/mol-atom		0.005	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-75	kJ/mol-atom		0.05	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9

DFT formation energies

Lowest-energy entries at this composition. Materials Project and OQMD use different energy references and are never averaged. 1 eV/atom = 96.485 kJ/mol-atom.

DFT formation energy of Er5Ge3
Source	Entry	kJ/mol-atom	eV/atom	Space group	E above hull (kJ/mol-atom)	E above hull (eV/atom)	Theoretical
Materials Project	mp-aaaaarny	-77.425	-0.802457	P6_3/mcm	0	0	no
OQMD	oqmd-18316	-77.604	-0.804316	P63/mcm	0	0	no

DFT sources: A. Jain et al., Commentary: The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002. doi:10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501-1509; S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010. doi:10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 (CC BY 4.0);

Sources

Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Najim Selhaoui, Lahcen Bouirden, Thermodynamic optimization of the Erbium-Germanium binary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 724, 1157-1166 (2017). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.129

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735943
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); G. Kim, S. V. Meschel, P. Nash, W. Chen, Experimental formation enthalpies for intermetallic phases and other inorganic compounds, Scientific Data 4 (2017) 170162, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.162; B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file. Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_dft_benchmark_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735943},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735943},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}