Ni3Sn: enthalpy of formation

10 accepted literature formation-enthalpy value(s) (experimental 4, model 5, unspecified 1).

Literature values

Enthalpy of formation of Ni3Sn reported in the literature (10)
Value	Phase as printed	T (K)	Class	System	Source	Location
-26.31 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	Ni3Sn(γ1)	298.15	experimental	Ni–Sn	[1] Miettinen 2003 cites Predel 1979 doi	Table 5, p. 5, row 1 report
-26.31 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	Ni3Sn_LT	298.15	experimental	Ni–Sn	[2] Liu 2004 cites Predel 1979	Table 3, p. 5, row 1 report
-26.31 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	λ-Ni3Sn	298.15	experimental	Ni–Sn	[3] Ghosh 1999 cites Predel 1979	Table III, p. 12, row 1 report
-23.43 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	Ni3Sn(γ1)	298.15	experimental	Ni–Sn	[1] Miettinen 2003 cites Korber 1937	Table 5, p. 5, row 2 report
-26.66 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	Ni3Sn(γ1)	298.15	model	Ni–Sn	[1] Miettinen 2003 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 5, p. 5, row 3 report
-26.657 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	Ni3Sn_LT	298.15	model	Ni–Sn	[2] Liu 2004 cites Ghosh 1999 doi	Table 3, p. 5, row 2 report
-26.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	Ni3Sn(γ1)	298.15	model	Ni–Sn	[1] Miettinen 2003	Table 5, p. 5, row 4 report
-25.507 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	Ni3Sn_LT	298.15	model	Ni–Sn	[2] Liu 2004	Table 3, p. 5, row 3 report
-19 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	λ-Ni3Sn	298.15	model	Ni–Sn	[3] Ghosh 1999 cites F 1988	Table III, p. 12, row 2 report
-26.657 kJ/mol (basis unstated)	λ-Ni3Sn	298.15	unspecified	Ni–Sn	[3] Ghosh 1999	Table III, p. 12, row 3 report

Uncertainty budget

Components kept separate, in the value's unit (literature SCHEMA.md, UNCERTAINTY_CALIBRATION.md): effective = max(sqrt(max(printed, reading, method)^2 + composition^2 + conversion^2), scatter). The method floor is the robust between-study scatter of the method class in ORCHID (calibrated) or a documented prior; printed values and printed uncertainties are unchanged.

Uncertainty budget of the literature values of Ni3Sn
Value	Unit	Reading	Method (class, basis)	Effective
-26.31	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.005	14 (unknown, calibrated)	14
-26.31	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	5.000e-4	14 (unknown, calibrated)	14
-26.31	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.005	14 (unknown, calibrated)	14
-23.43	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.005	14 (unknown, calibrated)	14
-26.66	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.005	15.6 (model_calculated, calibrated)	15.6
-26.657	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	5.000e-4	15.6 (model_calculated, calibrated)	15.6
-26.4	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.05	15.6 (model_calculated, calibrated)	15.6
-25.507	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	5.000e-4	15.6 (model_calculated, calibrated)	15.6
-19	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	0.5	15.6 (model_calculated, calibrated)	15.6
-26.657	kJ/mol (basis unstated)	5.000e-4	14 (unknown, calibrated)	14

Sources

Jyrki Miettinen, Thermodynamic description of the Cu–Ni–Sn system at the Cu–Ni side, Calphad 27, 309-318 (2003). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2003.10.001
H.S. Liu, J. Wang, Z.P. Jin, Thermodynamic optimization of the Ni–Sn binary system, Calphad 28, 363-370 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.12.002
G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the nickel-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 1481-1494 (1999). doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0085-x

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735943
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); G. Kim, S. V. Meschel, P. Nash, W. Chen, Experimental formation enthalpies for intermetallic phases and other inorganic compounds, Scientific Data 4 (2017) 170162, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.162; B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file. Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_dft_benchmark_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735943},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735943},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}