# RuO2: enthalpy of formation > Enthalpy of formation of RuO2: 7 literature value(s) with sources, pages and quotes, from ORCHID. HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/RuO2.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/RuO2.md 7 accepted literature formation-enthalpy value(s) (experimental 6, DFT 1). Systems: [O–Ru](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/O-RU.html) ## Literature values Table: Enthalpy of formation of RuO2 reported in the literature (7) | Value | Phase as printed | T (K) | Class | Method | System | Source | Location | Quote | |---:|---|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---| | -314.15 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.02 | RuO2 | 298.15 | experimental | EMF 3rd law | [O–Ru](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/O-RU.html) | [1] Gossé 2018; _cites Cordfunke 1988_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2888%2987197-1) | Table 2, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-HPH7BLCOWU` | | | -313.67 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.29 | RuO2 | 298.15 | experimental | EMF | [O–Ru](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/O-RU.html) | [1] Gossé 2018; _cites St 1997_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-SYXXKZIAB5` | | | -313.52 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.03 | RuO2 | 298.15 | experimental | EMF (retained value) | [O–Ru](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/O-RU.html) | [1] Gossé 2018; _cites Jacob 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/htmp.2000.19.1.11) | Table 2, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-OCEGLP6KYY` | | | -306.27 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 6.3 | RuO2 | 298.15 | experimental | HTMS | [O–Ru](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/O-RU.html) | [1] Gossé 2018; _cites Tagirov 1975_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-Z5XW7XS55Q` | | | -302.08 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 8.37 | RuO2 | 298.15 | experimental | manometric | [O–Ru](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/O-RU.html) | [1] Gossé 2018; _cites Bell 1963_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/j100805a042) | Table 2, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-EJIQT32NVK` | | | -297.08 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | RuO2 | 298.15 | experimental | manometric | [O–Ru](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/O-RU.html) | [1] Gossé 2018; _cites Sch 1963_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-MRKP62DNWU` | | | -314.13 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | RuO2 | 298.15 | DFT | DFT | [O–Ru](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/O-RU.html) | [1] Gossé 2018; _cites Grillo 2004_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.70.184115) | Table 2, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-6RI54QS6XD` | | ### Uncertainty budget Components kept separate, in the value's unit (literature [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md), [UNCERTAINTY_CALIBRATION.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/UNCERTAINTY_CALIBRATION.md)): effective = max(sqrt(max(printed, reading, method)^2 + composition^2 + conversion^2), scatter). The method floor is the robust between-study scatter of the method class in ORCHID (calibrated) or a documented prior; printed values and printed uncertainties are unchanged. Table: Uncertainty budget of the literature values of RuO2 | Value | Unit | Printed | Reading | Method (class, basis) | Composition | Scatter | Conversion | Effective | |---:|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---:|---:| | -314.15 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0.02 | 0.005 | 13.8 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold) | | | | 13.8 | | -313.67 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0.29 | 0.005 | 13.8 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold) | | | | 13.8 | | -313.52 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 0.03 | 0.005 | 13.8 (emf, cleaned_below_threshold) | | | | 13.8 | | -306.27 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 6.3 | 0.005 | 12.6 (kems_vapour, calibrated) | | | | 12.6 | | -302.08 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 8.37 | 0.005 | 12.3 (experimental_unspecified, cleaned_below_threshold) | | | | 12.3 | | -297.08 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.005 | 12.3 (experimental_unspecified, cleaned_below_threshold) | | | | 12.3 | | -314.13 | kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | 0.005 | 29.9 (dft, calibrated) | | | | 29.9 | ## Sources 1. S. Gossé, S. Bordier, C. Guéneau, E. Brackx, R. Domenger, J. Rogez, Thermodynamic assessment of the rhodium-ruthenium-oxygen (Rh-Ru-O) system, Journal of Nuclear Materials 500, 252-264 (2018). [doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.12.034](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.12.034) ## Please cite - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735943 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065 Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); G. Kim, S. V. Meschel, P. Nash, W. Chen, Experimental formation enthalpies for intermetallic phases and other inorganic compounds, Scientific Data 4 (2017) 170162, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.162; B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file. Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes. ```bibtex @misc{orchid_literature_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_dft_benchmark_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735943}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735943}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_data_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } ``` --- Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).