UC: enthalpy of formation

11 accepted literature formation-enthalpy value(s) (experimental 9, model 2); experimental median -46.861 kJ/mol-atom (n = 9); Materials Project -11.946 kJ/mol-atom (mp-aaaaadrt); OQMD -12.247 kJ/mol-atom (oqmd-4567).

Systems: C–U

Literature values

Enthalpy of formation of UC reported in the literature (11)
Value	Phase as printed	T (K)	Class	System	Source	Location
-48.534 kJ/mol-atom	C0.500U0.500	298.15	experimental	C–U	[1] Chevalier 2001 cites Storms 1967 doi	Table 21, p. 17, row 7 report
-48.534 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.092	C0.500U0.500	298.15	experimental	C–U	[1] Chevalier 2001 cites Hultgren 1973	Table 21, p. 17, row 9 report
-48.534 kJ/mol-atom	UC	298.15	experimental	C–U	[1] Chevalier 2001 cites Storms 1965	Table 21, p. 17, row 6 report
-47.488 kJ/mol-atom ± 0.628	C0.500U0.500	298.15	experimental	C–U	[1] Chevalier 2001 cites Tetenbaum 1971 doi	Table 21, p. 17, row 8 report
-46.861 kJ/mol-atom	C0.500U0.500	298.15	experimental	C–U	[1] Chevalier 2001 cites Vozella 1964	Table 21, p. 17, row 4 report
-43.932 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.092	UC	298.15	experimental	C–U	[1] Chevalier 2001 cites Farr 1959 doi	Table 21, p. 17, row 1 report
-41.422 kJ/mol-atom	UC	298.15	experimental	C–U	[1] Chevalier 2001 cites Droege 1959	Table 21, p. 17, row 2 report
-35.146 kJ/mol-atom	UC	298.15	experimental	C–U	[1] Chevalier 2001 cites Robinson 1964	Table 21, p. 17, row 5 report
-34.727 kJ/mol-atom	C0.500U0.500	298.15	experimental	C–U	[1] Chevalier 2001 cites Alcock 1962	Table 21, p. 17, row 3 report
-48.534 kJ/mol-atom	C0.500U0.500(fcc_B1, δ)	298.15	model	C–U	[1] Chevalier 2001	Table 34, p. 28, row 1 report
-48.534 kJ/mol-atom	C0.500U0.500	298.15	model	C–U	[1] Chevalier 2001	Table 21, p. 17, row 10 report

Uncertainty budget

Components kept separate, in the value's unit (literature SCHEMA.md, UNCERTAINTY_CALIBRATION.md): effective = max(sqrt(max(printed, reading, method)^2 + composition^2 + conversion^2), scatter). The method floor is the robust between-study scatter of the method class in ORCHID (calibrated) or a documented prior; printed values and printed uncertainties are unchanged.

Uncertainty budget of the literature values of UC
Value	Unit	Printed	Reading	Method (class, basis)	Effective
-48.534	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-48.534	kJ/mol-atom	2.092	5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-48.534	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-47.488	kJ/mol-atom	0.628	5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-46.861	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-43.932	kJ/mol-atom	2.092	5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-41.422	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-35.146	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-34.727	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.5 (unknown, calibrated)	3.5
-48.534	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-5	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9
-48.534	kJ/mol-atom		5.000e-4	3.9 (model_calculated, calibrated)	3.9

DFT formation energies

Lowest-energy entries at this composition. Materials Project and OQMD use different energy references and are never averaged. 1 eV/atom = 96.485 kJ/mol-atom.

DFT formation energy of UC
Source	Entry	kJ/mol-atom	eV/atom	Space group	E above hull (kJ/mol-atom)	E above hull (eV/atom)	Theoretical
Materials Project	mp-aaaaadrt	-11.946	-0.123808	Fm-3m	0	0	no
OQMD	oqmd-4567	-12.247	-0.126934	Fm-3m	0	0	no

DFT sources: A. Jain et al., Commentary: The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002. doi:10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501-1509; S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010. doi:10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 (CC BY 4.0);

Sources

P.Y Chevalier, E Fischer, Thermodynamic modelling of the C–U and B–U binary systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 288, 100-129 (2001). doi:10.1016/s0022-3115(00)00713-3

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735943
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); G. Kim, S. V. Meschel, P. Nash, W. Chen, Experimental formation enthalpies for intermetallic phases and other inorganic compounds, Scientific Data 4 (2017) 170162, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.162; B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file. Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_dft_benchmark_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Parity: DFT-vs-experiment formation-enthalpy benchmark}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735943},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735943},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}