Al–C phases

8 phases (tier A 6, liquid 1, gas 1); 5 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Al–C system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the Al–C system (8)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
DIAMOND_A4 phase:al-c:a4-diamond	C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)	0	1
GRAPHITE_A9 phase:al-c:a9-graphite	C (graphite) · A9 · hP4 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 6 of 6 calculated diagram(s): 300–4000 K, x(C) 1–1	0	6
AL4C3_D71 phase:al-c:al4c3-d71	Al4C3 · D7_1 · hR7 · R-3m (166)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 6 of 6 calculated diagram(s): 300–2455.51 K, x(C) 0.42857–0.42857	40	6
BCC_A2 phase:al-c:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 6 calculated diagram(s)	0	6
FCC_A1 phase:al-c:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 6 of 6 calculated diagram(s): 300–2088.47 K, x(C) 0–0.00046	0	6
GAS phase:al-c:gas	gas	gas	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 2763.07–4000 K, x(C) 0–1	0	3
HCP_A3 phase:al-c:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 6 calculated diagram(s)	0	6
LIQUID phase:al-c:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 6 of 6 calculated diagram(s): 933.47–4000 K, x(C) 0–0.69583	4	6

DIAMOND_A4 (Al–C)

Id: phase:al-c:a4-diamond; status assigned
Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type st:a4-c-diamond-cf8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: C 1.0000
Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:al-c:a4-diamond
tdb: tdb:AlC-21He-3g.tdb:DIAMOND_A4

TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

AlC-21He-3g.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 d59c8ca38ae9ee7e…

73: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
74: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2021.102250 Zhangting He, Bartek Kaplan, Huahai Mao, Malin Selleby, The third generation Calphad description of Al–C including revisions of pure Al and C, Calphad 72, 102250 (2021).
assessment that models this phase

GRAPHITE_A9 (Al–C)

Id: phase:al-c:a9-graphite; status assigned
Structure: C (graphite) · A9 · hP4 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a9-c-graphite-hp4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: C 1.0000
Stability: stable in 6 of 6 calculated diagram(s): 300–4000 K, x(C) 1–1
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (8): corpus: corpus:phase:al-c:a9-graphite, corpus:phase:al-c:graphite-a9
tdb: tdb:AlC-04Oht.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:AlC-19Def.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:AlC-21He-3g.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:AlC-91Har.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:AlC-94Qiu.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:AlC-95Gro-LB.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9

TDB models of GRAPHITE_A9 (6): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

AlC-04Oht.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 e0359ec92f728c9d…

45: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
46: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

AlC-19Def.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 e41f1fe9d140d2fb…

54: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
55: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

AlC-21He-3g.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 d59c8ca38ae9ee7e…

68: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
69: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

AlC-91Har.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 b9df7c92c4005d63…

48: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
49: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

AlC-94Qiu.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 e7bd588e9981ad7d…

40: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
41: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

AlC-95Gro-LB.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 39c020c75ad739ca…

57: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
58: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/BF02649916 K.C. Hari Kumar, V. Raghavan, J. Phase Equilib., 12, 275-86(1991).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)06028-2 J. Gröbner, H.-L. Lukas, F. Aldinger, Thermodynamic calculations in the YAlC system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 220, 8-14 (1995).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)91042-1 Caian Qiu, Rudi Metselaar, Solubility of carbon in liquid Al and stability of Al4C3, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 216, 55-60 (1994).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.08.003 Hiroshi Ohtani, Maki Yamano, Mitsuhiro Hasebe, Thermodynamic analysis of the Co–Al–C and Ni–Al–C systems by incorporating ab initio energetic calculations into the CALPHAD approach, Calphad 28, 177-190 (2004).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2019.101648 G. Deffrennes, B. Gardiola, M. Allam, D. Chaussende, A. Pisch, J. Andrieux et al., Critical assessment and thermodynamic modeling of the Al–C system, Calphad 66, 101648 (2019).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2021.102250 Zhangting He, Bartek Kaplan, Huahai Mao, Malin Selleby, The third generation Calphad description of Al–C including revisions of pure Al and C, Calphad 72, 102250 (2021).
assessment that models this phase

AL4C3_D71 (Al–C)

Id: phase:al-c:al4c3-d71; status assigned
Structure: Al4C3 · D7_1 · hR7 · R-3m (166); type st:d7-1-al4c3-hr7; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Al 0.5714, C 0.4286
Stability: stable in 6 of 6 calculated diagram(s): 300–2455.51 K, x(C) 0.42857–0.42857
Literature: 40 values (40 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (9): corpus: corpus:phase:al-c:al4c3-d71
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2019.101648:Al4C3, paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2021.102250:Al4C3
tdb: tdb:AlC-04Oht.tdb:AL4C3_D71, tdb:AlC-19Def.tdb:AL4C3_D71, tdb:AlC-21He-3g.tdb:AL4C3_D71, tdb:AlC-91Har.tdb:AL4C3_D71, tdb:AlC-94Qiu.tdb:AL4C3_D71, tdb:AlC-95Gro-LB.tdb:AL4C3_D71

TDB models of AL4C3_D71 (6): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

AlC-04Oht.tdb: AL4C3_D71, type code %, sha256 e0359ec92f728c9d…

50: PHASE AL4C3_D71 % 2 4 3 !
51: CONST AL4C3_D71 : AL : C : !

AlC-19Def.tdb: AL4C3_D71, type code %, sha256 e41f1fe9d140d2fb…

59: PHASE AL4C3_D71 % 2 4 3 !
60: CONST AL4C3_D71 : AL : C : !

AlC-21He-3g.tdb: AL4C3_D71, type code %, sha256 d59c8ca38ae9ee7e…

78: PHASE AL4C3_D71 % 2 4 3 !
79: CONST AL4C3_D71 : AL : C : !

AlC-91Har.tdb: AL4C3_D71, type code %, sha256 b9df7c92c4005d63…

53: PHASE AL4C3_D71 % 2 4 3 !
54: CONST AL4C3_D71 : AL : C : !

AlC-94Qiu.tdb: AL4C3_D71, type code %, sha256 e7bd588e9981ad7d…

45: PHASE AL4C3_D71 % 2 4 3 !
46: CONST AL4C3_D71 : AL : C : !

AlC-95Gro-LB.tdb: AL4C3_D71, type code %, sha256 39c020c75ad739ca…

62: PHASE AL4C3_D71 % 2 4 3 !
63: CONST AL4C3_D71 : AL : C : !

Example references (10 of 14; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2019.101648 G. Deffrennes, B. Gardiola, M. Allam, D. Chaussende, A. Pisch, J. Andrieux et al., Critical assessment and thermodynamic modeling of the Al–C system, Calphad 66, 101648 (2019).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2021.102250 Zhangting He, Bartek Kaplan, Huahai Mao, Malin Selleby, The third generation Calphad description of Al–C including revisions of pure Al and C, Calphad 72, 102250 (2021).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)06028-2 J. Gröbner, H.-L. Lukas, F. Aldinger, Thermodynamic calculations in the YAlC system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 220, 8-14 (1995).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/BF02649916 K.C. Hari Kumar, V. Raghavan, J. Phase Equilib., 12, 275-86(1991).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)91042-1 Caian Qiu, Rudi Metselaar, Solubility of carbon in liquid Al and stability of Al4C3, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 216, 55-60 (1994).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.08.003 Hiroshi Ohtani, Maki Yamano, Mitsuhiro Hasebe, Thermodynamic analysis of the Co–Al–C and Ni–Al–C systems by incorporating ab initio energetic calculations into the CALPHAD approach, Calphad 28, 177-190 (2004).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0021-9614(80)90038-5 Gary H. Rinehart, Robert G. Behrens, Vaporization thermodynamics of aluminum carbide, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 12, 205-215 (1980).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0925-8388(95)01649-x S.V. Meschel, O.J. Kleppa, Standard enthalpies of formation of AlB12 and Al4C3 by high temperature direct synthesis calorimetry, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 227, 93-96 (1995).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1021/j150577a036 David J. Meschi, Alan W. Searcy, The Dissociation Pressure of Aluminum Carbide, J. Phys. Chem. 63, 1175-1178 (1959).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1021/ja01399a011 C. H. Prescott, W. B. Hincke, EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN ALUMINUM CARBIDE AND NITROGEN AT HIGH TEMPERATURES, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 50, 3228-3237 (1928).
cited as the source of values for this phase

BCC_A2 (Al–C)

Id: phase:al-c:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 6 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:al-c:bcc-a2
tdb: tdb:AlC-04Oht.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:AlC-19Def.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:AlC-21He-3g.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:AlC-91Har.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:AlC-94Qiu.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:AlC-95Gro-LB.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (6): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

AlC-04Oht.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 e0359ec92f728c9d…

35: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
36: CONST BCC_A2 : AL : VA% C : !

AlC-19Def.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 e41f1fe9d140d2fb…

44: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
45: CONST BCC_A2 : AL : VA% C : !

AlC-21He-3g.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 d59c8ca38ae9ee7e…

58: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
59: CONST BCC_A2 : AL : VA% C : !

AlC-91Har.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 b9df7c92c4005d63…

38: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
39: CONST BCC_A2 : AL : VA% C : !

AlC-94Qiu.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 e7bd588e9981ad7d…

30: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
31: CONST BCC_A2 : AL : VA : !

AlC-95Gro-LB.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 39c020c75ad739ca…

47: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
48: CONST BCC_A2 : AL : VA% C : !

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/BF02649916 K.C. Hari Kumar, V. Raghavan, J. Phase Equilib., 12, 275-86(1991).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)06028-2 J. Gröbner, H.-L. Lukas, F. Aldinger, Thermodynamic calculations in the YAlC system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 220, 8-14 (1995).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)91042-1 Caian Qiu, Rudi Metselaar, Solubility of carbon in liquid Al and stability of Al4C3, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 216, 55-60 (1994).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.08.003 Hiroshi Ohtani, Maki Yamano, Mitsuhiro Hasebe, Thermodynamic analysis of the Co–Al–C and Ni–Al–C systems by incorporating ab initio energetic calculations into the CALPHAD approach, Calphad 28, 177-190 (2004).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2019.101648 G. Deffrennes, B. Gardiola, M. Allam, D. Chaussende, A. Pisch, J. Andrieux et al., Critical assessment and thermodynamic modeling of the Al–C system, Calphad 66, 101648 (2019).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2021.102250 Zhangting He, Bartek Kaplan, Huahai Mao, Malin Selleby, The third generation Calphad description of Al–C including revisions of pure Al and C, Calphad 72, 102250 (2021).
assessment that models this phase

FCC_A1 (Al–C)

Id: phase:al-c:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 6 of 6 calculated diagram(s): 300–2088.47 K, x(C) 0–0.00046
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:al-c:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:AlC-04Oht.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:AlC-19Def.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:AlC-21He-3g.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:AlC-91Har.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:AlC-94Qiu.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:AlC-95Gro-LB.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (6): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

AlC-04Oht.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %, sha256 e0359ec92f728c9d…

30: PHASE FCC_A1 % 2 1 1 !
31: CONST FCC_A1 : AL : C VA% : !

AlC-19Def.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 e41f1fe9d140d2fb…

39: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
40: CONST FCC_A1 : AL : C VA% : !

AlC-21He-3g.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 d59c8ca38ae9ee7e…

53: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
54: CONST FCC_A1 : AL : C VA% : !

AlC-91Har.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 b9df7c92c4005d63…

33: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
34: CONST FCC_A1 : AL : VA : !

AlC-94Qiu.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %, sha256 e7bd588e9981ad7d…

25: PHASE FCC_A1 % 2 1 1 !
26: CONST FCC_A1 : AL : VA : !

AlC-95Gro-LB.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 39c020c75ad739ca…

42: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
43: CONST FCC_A1 : AL : C VA% : !

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/BF02649916 K.C. Hari Kumar, V. Raghavan, J. Phase Equilib., 12, 275-86(1991).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)06028-2 J. Gröbner, H.-L. Lukas, F. Aldinger, Thermodynamic calculations in the YAlC system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 220, 8-14 (1995).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)91042-1 Caian Qiu, Rudi Metselaar, Solubility of carbon in liquid Al and stability of Al4C3, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 216, 55-60 (1994).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.08.003 Hiroshi Ohtani, Maki Yamano, Mitsuhiro Hasebe, Thermodynamic analysis of the Co–Al–C and Ni–Al–C systems by incorporating ab initio energetic calculations into the CALPHAD approach, Calphad 28, 177-190 (2004).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2019.101648 G. Deffrennes, B. Gardiola, M. Allam, D. Chaussende, A. Pisch, J. Andrieux et al., Critical assessment and thermodynamic modeling of the Al–C system, Calphad 66, 101648 (2019).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2021.102250 Zhangting He, Bartek Kaplan, Huahai Mao, Malin Selleby, The third generation Calphad description of Al–C including revisions of pure Al and C, Calphad 72, 102250 (2021).
assessment that models this phase

GAS (Al–C)

Id: phase:al-c:gas; status assigned
Structure: gas; type st:gas; gas; confidence high
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 2763.07–4000 K, x(C) 0–1
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:al-c:gas
tdb: tdb:AlC-19Def.tdb:GAS, tdb:AlC-21He-3g.tdb:GAS, tdb:AlC-95Gro-LB.tdb:GAS

TDB models of GAS (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

AlC-19Def.tdb: GAS, type code %, sha256 e41f1fe9d140d2fb…

62: PHASE GAS:G % 1 1 !
63: CONST GAS:G : AL% AL2 ALC ALC2 AL2C2 C C2 C3 C4 C5 C60 : !

AlC-21He-3g.tdb: GAS, type code %, sha256 d59c8ca38ae9ee7e…

81: PHASE GAS:G % 1 1 !
82: CONST GAS:G : AL% AL2 ALC ALC2 AL2C2 C C2 C3 C4 C5 C60 : !

AlC-95Gro-LB.tdb: GAS, type code %, sha256 39c020c75ad739ca…

65: PHASE GAS:G % 1 1 !
66: CONST GAS:G : AL% AL2 ALC ALC2 AL2C2 C C2 C3 C4 C5 C60 : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)06028-2 J. Gröbner, H.-L. Lukas, F. Aldinger, Thermodynamic calculations in the YAlC system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 220, 8-14 (1995).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2019.101648 G. Deffrennes, B. Gardiola, M. Allam, D. Chaussende, A. Pisch, J. Andrieux et al., Critical assessment and thermodynamic modeling of the Al–C system, Calphad 66, 101648 (2019).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2021.102250 Zhangting He, Bartek Kaplan, Huahai Mao, Malin Selleby, The third generation Calphad description of Al–C including revisions of pure Al and C, Calphad 72, 102250 (2021).
assessment that models this phase

HCP_A3 (Al–C)

Id: phase:al-c:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 6 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:al-c:hcp-a3
tdb: tdb:AlC-04Oht.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:AlC-19Def.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:AlC-21He-3g.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:AlC-91Har.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:AlC-94Qiu.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:AlC-95Gro-LB.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (6): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

AlC-04Oht.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 e0359ec92f728c9d…

40: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
41: CONST HCP_A3 : AL : VA% C : !

AlC-19Def.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 e41f1fe9d140d2fb…

49: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
50: CONST HCP_A3 : AL : VA% C : !

AlC-21He-3g.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 d59c8ca38ae9ee7e…

63: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
64: CONST HCP_A3 : AL : VA% C : !

AlC-91Har.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 b9df7c92c4005d63…

43: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
44: CONST HCP_A3 : AL : VA% C : !

AlC-94Qiu.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 e7bd588e9981ad7d…

35: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
36: CONST HCP_A3 : AL : VA : !

AlC-95Gro-LB.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 39c020c75ad739ca…

52: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
53: CONST HCP_A3 : AL : VA% C : !

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/BF02649916 K.C. Hari Kumar, V. Raghavan, J. Phase Equilib., 12, 275-86(1991).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)06028-2 J. Gröbner, H.-L. Lukas, F. Aldinger, Thermodynamic calculations in the YAlC system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 220, 8-14 (1995).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)91042-1 Caian Qiu, Rudi Metselaar, Solubility of carbon in liquid Al and stability of Al4C3, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 216, 55-60 (1994).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.08.003 Hiroshi Ohtani, Maki Yamano, Mitsuhiro Hasebe, Thermodynamic analysis of the Co–Al–C and Ni–Al–C systems by incorporating ab initio energetic calculations into the CALPHAD approach, Calphad 28, 177-190 (2004).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2019.101648 G. Deffrennes, B. Gardiola, M. Allam, D. Chaussende, A. Pisch, J. Andrieux et al., Critical assessment and thermodynamic modeling of the Al–C system, Calphad 66, 101648 (2019).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2021.102250 Zhangting He, Bartek Kaplan, Huahai Mao, Malin Selleby, The third generation Calphad description of Al–C including revisions of pure Al and C, Calphad 72, 102250 (2021).
assessment that models this phase

LIQUID (Al–C)

Id: phase:al-c:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 6 of 6 calculated diagram(s): 933.47–4000 K, x(C) 0–0.69583
Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (9): corpus: corpus:phase:al-c:liquid
paper: paper:10.1007/bf02649916:liquid, paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2021.102250:liquid
tdb: tdb:AlC-04Oht.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:AlC-19Def.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:AlC-21He-3g.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:AlC-91Har.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:AlC-94Qiu.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:AlC-95Gro-LB.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (6): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

AlC-04Oht.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 e0359ec92f728c9d…

25: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
26: CONST LIQUID:L : AL C : !

AlC-19Def.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 e41f1fe9d140d2fb…

34: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
35: CONST LIQUID:L : AL C : !

AlC-21He-3g.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 d59c8ca38ae9ee7e…

48: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
49: CONST LIQUID:L : AL C : !

AlC-91Har.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 b9df7c92c4005d63…

28: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
29: CONST LIQUID:L : AL C : !

AlC-94Qiu.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 e7bd588e9981ad7d…

20: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
21: CONST LIQUID:L : AL C : !

AlC-95Gro-LB.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 39c020c75ad739ca…

37: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
38: CONST LIQUID:L : AL C : !

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/BF02649916 K.C. Hari Kumar, V. Raghavan, J. Phase Equilib., 12, 275-86(1991).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2021.102250 Zhangting He, Bartek Kaplan, Huahai Mao, Malin Selleby, The third generation Calphad description of Al–C including revisions of pure Al and C, Calphad 72, 102250 (2021).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)06028-2 J. Gröbner, H.-L. Lukas, F. Aldinger, Thermodynamic calculations in the YAlC system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 220, 8-14 (1995).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)91042-1 Caian Qiu, Rudi Metselaar, Solubility of carbon in liquid Al and stability of Al4C3, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 216, 55-60 (1994).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.08.003 Hiroshi Ohtani, Maki Yamano, Mitsuhiro Hasebe, Thermodynamic analysis of the Co–Al–C and Ni–Al–C systems by incorporating ab initio energetic calculations into the CALPHAD approach, Calphad 28, 177-190 (2004).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2019.101648 G. Deffrennes, B. Gardiola, M. Allam, D. Chaussende, A. Pisch, J. Andrieux et al., Critical assessment and thermodynamic modeling of the Al–C system, Calphad 66, 101648 (2019).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0364-5916(91)90030-n A.T. Dinsdale, SGTE data for pure elements, Calphad 15, 317-425 (1991).
cited as the source of values for this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}