# Bi–Ti phases > Bi–Ti system: 11 phases (tier A 4, tier B 1, tier C 1, liquid 1, needs_review 4); 10 stable in a calculated diagram in the ORCHID phase registry, with names, structure type when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules, calculated stability, verbatim TDB PHASE/CONSTITUENT statements and example references. HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/BI-TI.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/BI-TI.md 11 phases (tier A 4, tier B 1, tier C 1, liquid 1, needs_review 4); 10 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model). Data: [interactive registry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/?q=BI-TI) · [full JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/systems/BI-TI.json) · [Bi–Ti system page](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-TI.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/BI-TI.md) · [field reference](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md) Table: Phases of the Bi–Ti system (11) | Phase | Structure | Basis | Stability (calculated) | Literature values | TDB models | |---|---|---|---|---:|---:| | [RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7](#phase-bi-ti-a7-rhombohedral); _phase:bi-ti:a7-rhombohedral_ | alpha-As · A7 · hR2 · R-3m (166) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–544.54 K, x(Ti) 0–0 | 2 | 2 | | [BCC_A2](#phase-bi-ti-bcc-a2); _phase:bi-ti:bcc-a2_ | W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 992.62–2499.73 K, x(Ti) 0.89524–1 | 4 | 2 | | [BI2TI](#phase-bi-ti-bi2ti); _phase:bi-ti:bi2ti_ | | needs_review | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–960.59 K, x(Ti) 0.33333–0.33333 | 5 | 2 | | [BI2TI3](#phase-bi-ti-bi2ti3); _phase:bi-ti:bi2ti3_ | | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1249.02 K, x(Ti) 0.6–0.6 | 4 | 1 | | [BI3TI2](#phase-bi-ti-bi3ti2); _phase:bi-ti:bi3ti2_ | | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1090.32 K, x(Ti) 0.4–0.4 | 0 | 1 | | [BI9TI8](#phase-bi-ti-bi9ti8); _phase:bi-ti:bi9ti8_ | Sb9V8 · tP34 · P4/nmm (129) | tier B: DFT-supported (unique MP + OQMD match) | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1270.95 K, x(Ti) 0.47059–0.47059 | 11 | 2 | | [BITI2](#phase-bi-ti-biti2); _phase:bi-ti:biti2_ | BiTi2 · tI12 · I4/mmm (139) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1562.61 K, x(Ti) 0.66667–0.66667 | 10 | 2 | | [BITI3](#phase-bi-ti-biti3); _phase:bi-ti:biti3_ | | needs_review | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1629.43 K, x(Ti) 0.75–0.75 | 7 | 2 | | [FCC_A1](#phase-bi-ti-fcc-a1); _phase:bi-ti:fcc-a1_ | Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 2 | | [HCP_A3](#phase-bi-ti-hcp-a3); _phase:bi-ti:hcp-a3_ | Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1579.99 K, x(Ti) 0.99537–1 | 2 | 2 | | [LIQUID](#phase-bi-ti-liquid); _phase:bi-ti:liquid_ | liquid | liquid | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 544.53–2500 K, x(Ti) 0–1 | 12 | 2 | ## RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (Bi–Ti) - Id: `phase:bi-ti:a7-rhombohedral`; status `assigned` - Structure: alpha-As · A7 · hR2 · R-3m (166); type `st:a7-alpha-as-hr2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stoichiometry: Bi 1.0000 - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–544.54 K, x(Ti) 0–0 - Literature: 2 values (2 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:bi-ti:a7-rhombohedral) Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:bi-ti:a7-rhombohedral, corpus:phase:bi-ti:rhombohedral-a7 _paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:(Bi) _tdb: _tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 ### TDB models of RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [BiTi-13Cao.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-13Cao.tdb): RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, type code %, sha256 `00f08d653a2c924a…` ~~~~text 44: PHASE RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 % 1 1 ! 45: CONST RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 : BI : ! ~~~~ [BiTi-14Hua.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-14Hua.tdb): RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, type code %, sha256 `6b2fb177d2031c50…` ~~~~text 55: PHASE RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 % 1 1 ! 56: CONST RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 : BI : ! ~~~~ Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): - [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001) L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C](https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB130127033C) Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013). _assessment that models this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0) Sho Maruyama, Yuya Kado, Tetsuya Uda, Phase Diagram Investigations of the Bi-Ti System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 34, 289-296 (2013). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ ## BCC_A2 (Bi–Ti) - Id: `phase:bi-ti:bcc-a2`; status `assigned` - Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type `st:a2-w-ci2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 992.62–2499.73 K, x(Ti) 0.89524–1 - Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:bi-ti:bcc-a2) Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:bi-ti:bcc-a2 _paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:(βTi) _tdb: _tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:BCC_A2 ### TDB models of BCC_A2 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [BiTi-13Cao.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-13Cao.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `00f08d653a2c924a…` ~~~~text 34: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 ! 35: CONST BCC_A2 : BI TI% : VA : ! ~~~~ [BiTi-14Hua.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-14Hua.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `6b2fb177d2031c50…` ~~~~text 45: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 ! 46: CONST BCC_A2 : BI TI% : VA : ! ~~~~ Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): - [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001) L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C](https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB130127033C) Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013). _assessment that models this phase_ ## BI2TI (Bi–Ti) - Id: `phase:bi-ti:bi2ti`; status `needs_review` - No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_mp; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete - Candidate (dft_oqmd): Fddd (70) — on-hull OQMD Bi2 Ti1 at x(TI)=0.3333 - Candidate (literature_printed): (Bi2Ti) · ? — printed with a label mapped to this phase - Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Bi2Ti) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for BI2TI: Bi2Ti - Stoichiometry: Bi 0.6667, Ti 0.3333 - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–960.59 K, x(Ti) 0.33333–0.33333 - Literature: 5 values (5 accepted) from 2 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:bi-ti:bi2ti) Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:bi-ti:bi2ti _paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:Bi2Ti, paper:10.2298/jmmb130127033c:Bi2Ti _tdb: _tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:BI2TI, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:BI2TI ### TDB models of BI2TI (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [BiTi-13Cao.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-13Cao.tdb): BI2TI, type code %, sha256 `00f08d653a2c924a…` ~~~~text 49: PHASE BI2TI % 2 2 1 ! 50: CONST BI2TI : BI : TI : ! ~~~~ [BiTi-14Hua.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-14Hua.tdb): BI2TI, type code %, sha256 `6b2fb177d2031c50…` ~~~~text 60: PHASE BI2TI % 2 2 1 ! 61: CONST BI2TI : BI : TI : ! ~~~~ Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): - [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001) L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C](https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB130127033C) Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0) Sho Maruyama, Yuya Kado, Tetsuya Uda, Phase Diagram Investigations of the Bi-Ti System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 34, 289-296 (2013). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ ## BI2TI3 (Bi–Ti) - Id: `phase:bi-ti:bi2ti3`; status `needs_review` - No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_both; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete - Candidate (literature_printed): (Bi2Ti3) · ? — printed with a label mapped to this phase - Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Bi2Ti3) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for BI2TI3: Bi2Ti3 - Stoichiometry: Bi 0.4000, Ti 0.6000 - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1249.02 K, x(Ti) 0.6–0.6 - Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:bi-ti:bi2ti3) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:bi-ti:bi2ti3 _paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:Bi2Ti3 _tdb: _tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:BI2TI3 ### TDB models of BI2TI3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [BiTi-14Hua.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-14Hua.tdb): BI2TI3, type code %, sha256 `6b2fb177d2031c50…` ~~~~text 70: PHASE BI2TI3 % 2 2 3 ! 71: CONST BI2TI3 : BI : TI : ! ~~~~ Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): - [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001) L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0) Sho Maruyama, Yuya Kado, Tetsuya Uda, Phase Diagram Investigations of the Bi-Ti System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 34, 289-296 (2013). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ ## BI3TI2 (Bi–Ti) - Id: `phase:bi-ti:bi3ti2`; status `needs_review` - No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_both; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete - Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Bi3Ti2) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for BI3TI2: Bi3Ti2 - Stoichiometry: Bi 0.6000, Ti 0.4000 - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1090.32 K, x(Ti) 0.4–0.4 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:bi-ti:bi3ti2) Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:bi-ti:bi3ti2 _tdb: _tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:BI3TI2 ### TDB models of BI3TI2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [BiTi-13Cao.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-13Cao.tdb): BI3TI2, type code %, sha256 `00f08d653a2c924a…` ~~~~text 54: PHASE BI3TI2 % 2 3 2 ! 55: CONST BI3TI2 : BI : TI : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C](https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB130127033C) Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013). _assessment that models this phase_ ## BI9TI8 (Bi–Ti) - Id: `phase:bi-ti:bi9ti8`; status `assigned` - Structure: Sb9V8 · tP34 · P4/nmm (129); type `st:sb9v8-tp34`; tier B: DFT-supported (unique MP + OQMD match); confidence high - Stoichiometry: Bi 0.5294, Ti 0.4706 - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1270.95 K, x(Ti) 0.47059–0.47059 - Literature: 11 values (11 accepted) from 2 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:bi-ti:bi9ti8) Names (7): _corpus: _corpus:phase:bi-ti:bi9ti8 _mp: _mp:mp-aaabkkvd _oqmd: _oqmd:oqmd-19247 _paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:Bi9Ti8, paper:10.2298/jmmb130127033c:Bi9Ti8 _tdb: _tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:BI9TI8, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:BI9TI8 ### TDB models of BI9TI8 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [BiTi-13Cao.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-13Cao.tdb): BI9TI8, type code %, sha256 `00f08d653a2c924a…` ~~~~text 59: PHASE BI9TI8 % 2 9 8 ! 60: CONST BI9TI8 : BI : TI : ! ~~~~ [BiTi-14Hua.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-14Hua.tdb): BI9TI8, type code %, sha256 `6b2fb177d2031c50…` ~~~~text 65: PHASE BI9TI8 % 2 9 8 ! 66: CONST BI9TI8 : BI : TI : ! ~~~~ Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): - [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001) L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C](https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB130127033C) Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0) Sho Maruyama, Yuya Kado, Tetsuya Uda, Phase Diagram Investigations of the Bi-Ti System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 34, 289-296 (2013). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ ## BITI2 (Bi–Ti) - Id: `phase:bi-ti:biti2`; status `assigned` - Structure: BiTi2 · tI12 · I4/mmm (139); type `st:biti2-ti12`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated - Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833) - Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_oqmd, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system - Stoichiometry: Bi 0.3333, Ti 0.6667 - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1562.61 K, x(Ti) 0.66667–0.66667 - Literature: 10 values (10 accepted) from 2 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:bi-ti:biti2) Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:bi-ti:biti2 _paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:BiTi2, paper:10.2298/jmmb130127033c:BiTi2 _tdb: _tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:BITI2, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:BITI2 ### TDB models of BITI2 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [BiTi-13Cao.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-13Cao.tdb): BITI2, type code %, sha256 `00f08d653a2c924a…` ~~~~text 64: PHASE BITI2 % 2 1 2 ! 65: CONST BITI2 : BI : TI : ! ~~~~ [BiTi-14Hua.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-14Hua.tdb): BITI2, type code %, sha256 `6b2fb177d2031c50…` ~~~~text 75: PHASE BITI2 % 2 1 2 ! 76: CONST BITI2 : BI : TI : ! ~~~~ Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): - [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001) L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C](https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB130127033C) Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0) Sho Maruyama, Yuya Kado, Tetsuya Uda, Phase Diagram Investigations of the Bi-Ti System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 34, 289-296 (2013). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ ## BITI3 (Bi–Ti) - Id: `phase:bi-ti:biti3`; status `needs_review` - No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_mp; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete - Candidate (dft_oqmd): Pm-3n (223) — on-hull OQMD Bi1 Ti3 at x(TI)=0.7500 - Candidate (literature_printed): (BiTi3) · t\*\* — printed with a label mapped to this phase - Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (BiTi3) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for BITI3: BiTi3 - Stoichiometry: Bi 0.2500, Ti 0.7500 - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1629.43 K, x(Ti) 0.75–0.75 - Literature: 7 values (7 accepted) from 2 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:bi-ti:biti3) Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:bi-ti:biti3 _paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:BiTi3, paper:10.2298/jmmb130127033c:BiTi3 _tdb: _tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:BITI3, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:BITI3 ### TDB models of BITI3 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [BiTi-13Cao.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-13Cao.tdb): BITI3, type code %, sha256 `00f08d653a2c924a…` ~~~~text 69: PHASE BITI3 % 2 1 3 ! 70: CONST BITI3 : BI : TI : ! ~~~~ [BiTi-14Hua.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-14Hua.tdb): BITI3, type code %, sha256 `6b2fb177d2031c50…` ~~~~text 80: PHASE BITI3 % 2 1 3 ! 81: CONST BITI3 : BI : TI : ! ~~~~ Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): - [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001) L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C](https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB130127033C) Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ ## FCC_A1 (Bi–Ti) - Id: `phase:bi-ti:fcc-a1`; status `assigned` - Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type `st:a1-cu-cf4`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s) - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:bi-ti:fcc-a1) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:bi-ti:fcc-a1 _tdb: _tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:FCC_A1 ### TDB models of FCC_A1 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [BiTi-13Cao.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-13Cao.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `00f08d653a2c924a…` ~~~~text 29: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 ! 30: CONST FCC_A1 : BI TI : VA : ! ~~~~ [BiTi-14Hua.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-14Hua.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `6b2fb177d2031c50…` ~~~~text 40: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 ! 41: CONST FCC_A1 : BI TI : VA : ! ~~~~ Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): - [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001) L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014). _assessment that models this phase_ - [doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C](https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB130127033C) Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013). _assessment that models this phase_ ## HCP_A3 (Bi–Ti) - Id: `phase:bi-ti:hcp-a3`; status `assigned` - Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type `st:a3-mg-hp2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1579.99 K, x(Ti) 0.99537–1 - Literature: 2 values (2 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:bi-ti:hcp-a3) Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:bi-ti:hcp-a3 _paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:(αTi) _tdb: _tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:HCP_A3 ### TDB models of HCP_A3 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [BiTi-13Cao.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-13Cao.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `00f08d653a2c924a…` ~~~~text 39: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 ! 40: CONST HCP_A3 : BI TI% : VA: ! ~~~~ [BiTi-14Hua.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-14Hua.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `6b2fb177d2031c50…` ~~~~text 50: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 ! 51: CONST HCP_A3 : BI TI% : VA: ! ~~~~ Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): - [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001) L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C](https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB130127033C) Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013). _assessment that models this phase_ ## LIQUID (Bi–Ti) - Id: `phase:bi-ti:liquid`; status `assigned` - Structure: liquid; type `st:liquid`; liquid; confidence high - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 544.53–2500 K, x(Ti) 0–1 - Literature: 12 values (12 accepted) from 2 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:bi-ti:liquid) Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:bi-ti:liquid _paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001:L, paper:10.2298/jmmb130127033c:Liquid _tdb: _tdb:BiTi-13Cao.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:BiTi-14Hua.tdb:LIQUID ### TDB models of LIQUID (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [BiTi-13Cao.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-13Cao.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `00f08d653a2c924a…` ~~~~text 24: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 ! 25: CONST LIQUID:L : BI TI : ! ~~~~ [BiTi-14Hua.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiTi-14Hua.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `6b2fb177d2031c50…` ~~~~text 35: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 ! 36: CONST LIQUID:L : BI TI : ! ~~~~ Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): - [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2014.01.001) L.H. Huang, Q. Chen, Y. He, X.M. Tao, G.M. Cai, H.S. Liu et al., Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ti–Bi system assisted with key experiments, Calphad 46, 34-41 (2014). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.2298/JMMB130127033C](https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB130127033C) Z. Cao, J. Xin, C. Chen, S. Liu, B. Hu, C. Tang, Y. Du, J. Mining Metall. B, 49, 307-13(2013). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-013-0243-0) Sho Maruyama, Yuya Kado, Tetsuya Uda, Phase Diagram Investigations of the Bi-Ti System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 34, 289-296 (2013). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ ## Please cite - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065 Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes. ```bibtex @misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_data_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } ``` --- Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite the ORCHID phase registry and the sources named on the page (TDB assessments, Hallstedt 2025, Materials Project, OQMD). TDB statements are quoted as written; parameter expressions are not reproduced. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt).