# C–Mn phases

> C–Mn system: 13 phases (tier A 8, tier C 3, liquid 1, needs_review 1); 12 stable in a calculated diagram in the ORCHID phase registry, with names, structure type when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules, calculated stability, verbatim TDB PHASE/CONSTITUENT statements and example references.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/C-MN.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/C-MN.md

13 phases (tier A 8, tier C 3, liquid 1, needs_review 1); 12 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: [interactive registry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/?q=C-MN) · [full JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/systems/C-MN.json) · [C–Mn system page](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-MN.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/C-MN.md) · [field reference](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md)

Table: Phases of the C–Mn system (13)

| Phase | Structure | Basis | Stability (calculated) | Literature values | TDB models |
|---|---|---|---|---:|---:|
| [DIAMOND_A4](#phase-c-mn-a4-diamond); _phase:c-mn:a4-diamond_ | C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 5 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 5 |
| [GRAPHITE_A9](#phase-c-mn-a9-graphite); _phase:c-mn:a9-graphite_ | C (graphite) · A9 · hP4 · P6_3/mmc (194) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–4000 K, x(C) 1–1 | 0 | 5 |
| [BCC_A2](#phase-c-mn-bcc-a2); _phase:c-mn:bcc-a2_ | W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1366.06–2594 K, x(C) 0–0.00201 | 4 | 5 |
| [CBCC_A12](#phase-c-mn-cbcc-a12); _phase:c-mn:cbcc-a12_ | alpha-Mn · A12 · cI58 · I-43m (217) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1184.9 K, x(C) 0–0.08007 | 18 | 5 |
| [CEMENTITE_D011](#phase-c-mn-cementite-d011); _phase:c-mn:cementite-d011_ | Fe3C · D0_11 · oP16 · Pnma (62) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1240.92–1324.97 K, x(C) 0.25–0.25 | 22 | 5 |
| [CUB_A13](#phase-c-mn-cub-a13); _phase:c-mn:cub-a13_ | beta-Mn · A13 · cP20 · P4_132 (213) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 980.01–1359.99 K, x(C) 0–0.02689 | 4 | 5 |
| [M7C3_D101](#phase-c-mn-d101-m7c3); _phase:c-mn:d101-m7c3_ | Cr7C3 · D10_1 · oP40 · Pnma (62) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1605.75 K, x(C) 0.3–0.3 | 24 | 5 |
| [M23C6_D84](#phase-c-mn-d84-m23c6); _phase:c-mn:d84-m23c6_ | Cr23C6 · D8_4 · cF116 · Fm-3m (225) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1307.27 K, x(C) 0.2069–0.2069 | 25 | 5 |
| [FCC_A1](#phase-c-mn-fcc-a1); _phase:c-mn:fcc-a1_ | Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1024.34–1522.7 K, x(C) 0–0.13856 | 4 | 5 |
| [HCP_A3](#phase-c-mn-hcp-a3); _phase:c-mn:hcp-a3_ | Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1580.74 K, x(C) 0.1288–0.33333 | 4 | 5 |
| [LIQUID](#phase-c-mn-liquid); _phase:c-mn:liquid_ | liquid | liquid | stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1486.59–4000 K, x(C) 0–0.84637 | 15 | 5 |
| [M5C2](#phase-c-mn-m5c2); _phase:c-mn:m5c2_ | Mn5C2 · mC28 · C2/c (15) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1444.17 K, x(C) 0.28571–0.28571 | 25 | 5 |
| [MN15C4](#phase-c-mn-mn15c4); _phase:c-mn:mn15c4_ |  | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1120.65–1271.3 K, x(C) 0.21053–0.21053 | 0 | 1 |

## DIAMOND_A4 (C–Mn)

- Id: `phase:c-mn:a4-diamond`; status `assigned`
- Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type `st:a4-c-diamond-cf8`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stoichiometry: C 1.0000
- Stability: not stable in 5 calculated diagram(s)
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:c-mn:a4-diamond)

Names (6): _corpus: _corpus:phase:c-mn:a4-diamond  
_tdb: _tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:DIAMOND_A4  


### TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[MnC-10Dju.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-10Dju.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `9389526bde1e09c7…`

~~~~text
51: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
52: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-18Tan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-18Tan.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `43925e90f0ef596d…`

~~~~text
56: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
57: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-19Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-19Mie.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `9338497d5733e945…`

~~~~text
52: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
53: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-89Lee.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-89Lee.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `1a3508033169fb38…`

~~~~text
55: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
56: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `6ed68a57bf41b8a1…`

~~~~text
56: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
57: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !
~~~~

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2889%2990024-2) B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002) Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006) F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## GRAPHITE_A9 (C–Mn)

- Id: `phase:c-mn:a9-graphite`; status `assigned`
- Structure: C (graphite) · A9 · hP4 · P6_3/mmc (194); type `st:a9-c-graphite-hp4`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stoichiometry: C 1.0000
- Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–4000 K, x(C) 1–1
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:c-mn:a9-graphite)

Names (7): _corpus: _corpus:phase:c-mn:a9-graphite, corpus:phase:c-mn:graphite-a9  
_tdb: _tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9  


### TDB models of GRAPHITE_A9 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[MnC-10Dju.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-10Dju.tdb): GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 `9389526bde1e09c7…`

~~~~text
56: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
57: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-18Tan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-18Tan.tdb): GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 `43925e90f0ef596d…`

~~~~text
61: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
62: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-19Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-19Mie.tdb): GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 `9338497d5733e945…`

~~~~text
57: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
58: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-89Lee.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-89Lee.tdb): GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 `1a3508033169fb38…`

~~~~text
60: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
61: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb): GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 `6ed68a57bf41b8a1…`

~~~~text
61: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
62: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !
~~~~

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2889%2990024-2) B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002) Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006) F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## BCC_A2 (C–Mn)

- Id: `phase:c-mn:bcc-a2`; status `assigned`
- Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type `st:a2-w-ci2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1366.06–2594 K, x(C) 0–0.00201
- Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:c-mn:bcc-a2)

Names (7): _corpus: _corpus:phase:c-mn:bcc-a2  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:δ-Mn  
_tdb: _tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:BCC_A2  


### TDB models of BCC_A2 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[MnC-10Dju.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-10Dju.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `9389526bde1e09c7…`

~~~~text
31: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
32: CONST BCC_A2 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-18Tan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-18Tan.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `43925e90f0ef596d…`

~~~~text
36: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
37: CONST BCC_A2 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-19Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-19Mie.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `9338497d5733e945…`

~~~~text
32: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
33: CONST BCC_A2 : MN C : VA : !
~~~~

[MnC-89Lee.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-89Lee.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `1a3508033169fb38…`

~~~~text
35: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
36: CONST BCC_A2 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `6ed68a57bf41b8a1…`

~~~~text
36: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
37: CONST BCC_A2 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002) Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2889%2990024-2) B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006) F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.3139/146.101563](https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101563) Jo Fenstad, Johan Kr. Tuset, Detailed phase diagram mapping: T–X data for solidi and liquidi of the alloy system manganese–carbon, International Journal of Materials Research 98, 970-975 (2007).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## CBCC_A12 (C–Mn)

- Id: `phase:c-mn:cbcc-a12`; status `assigned`
- Structure: alpha-Mn · A12 · cI58 · I-43m (217); type `st:a12-alpha-mn-ci58`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1184.9 K, x(C) 0–0.08007
- Literature: 18 values (18 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:c-mn:cbcc-a12)

Names (8): _corpus: _corpus:phase:c-mn:cbcc-a12  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:α-Mn, paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:ε-Mn  
_tdb: _tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:CBCC_A12, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:CBCC_A12, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:CBCC_A12, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:CBCC_A12, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:CBCC_A12  


### TDB models of CBCC_A12 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[MnC-10Dju.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-10Dju.tdb): CBCC_A12, type code %A, sha256 `9389526bde1e09c7…`

~~~~text
41: PHASE CBCC_A12 %A 2 1 1 !
42: CONST CBCC_A12 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-18Tan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-18Tan.tdb): CBCC_A12, type code %A, sha256 `43925e90f0ef596d…`

~~~~text
46: PHASE CBCC_A12 %A 2 1 1 !
47: CONST CBCC_A12 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-19Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-19Mie.tdb): CBCC_A12, type code %A, sha256 `9338497d5733e945…`

~~~~text
42: PHASE CBCC_A12 %A 2 1 1 !
43: CONST CBCC_A12 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-89Lee.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-89Lee.tdb): CBCC_A12, type code %A, sha256 `1a3508033169fb38…`

~~~~text
45: PHASE CBCC_A12 %A 2 1 1 !
46: CONST CBCC_A12 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb): CBCC_A12, type code %A, sha256 `6ed68a57bf41b8a1…`

~~~~text
46: PHASE CBCC_A12 %A 2 1 1 !
47: CONST CBCC_A12 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002) Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2889%2990024-2) B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006) F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf02665426](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02665426) Robert Benz, John F. Elliott, John Chipman, Thermodynamics of the solid phases in the system Fe−Mn−C, Metall Trans 4, 1975-1986 (1973).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/srin.193500743](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.193500743) Rudolf Vogel, Werner Döring, Das System Eisen-Zementit-Mangankarbid-Mangan, Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen 9, 247-252 (1935).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf02655933](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02655933) Du Sichen, S. Seetharaman, L. -I. Staffansson, Some phase-diagram aspects of the manganese-carbon system, Metall Trans B 20, 747-754 (1989).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.3139/146.101563](https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101563) Jo Fenstad, Johan Kr. Tuset, Detailed phase diagram mapping: T–X data for solidi and liquidi of the alloy system manganese–carbon, International Journal of Materials Research 98, 970-975 (2007).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## CEMENTITE_D011 (C–Mn)

- Id: `phase:c-mn:cementite-d011`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Fe3C · D0_11 · oP16 · Pnma (62); type `st:d0-11-fe3c-op16`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stoichiometry: C 0.2500, Mn 0.7500
- Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1240.92–1324.97 K, x(C) 0.25–0.25
- Literature: 22 values (22 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:c-mn:cementite-d011)

Names (7): _corpus: _corpus:phase:c-mn:cementite-d011  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:Mn3C  
_tdb: _tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:CEMENTITE_D011, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:CEMENTITE_D011, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:CEMENTITE_D011, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:CEMENTITE_D011, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:CEMENTITE_D011  


### TDB models of CEMENTITE_D011 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[MnC-10Dju.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-10Dju.tdb): CEMENTITE_D011, type code %, sha256 `9389526bde1e09c7…`

~~~~text
66: PHASE CEMENTITE_D011 % 2 3 1 !
67: CONST CEMENTITE_D011 : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-18Tan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-18Tan.tdb): CEMENTITE_D011, type code %, sha256 `43925e90f0ef596d…`

~~~~text
71: PHASE CEMENTITE_D011 % 2 3 1 !
72: CONST CEMENTITE_D011 : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-19Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-19Mie.tdb): CEMENTITE_D011, type code %, sha256 `9338497d5733e945…`

~~~~text
62: PHASE CEMENTITE_D011 % 2 3 1 !
63: CONST CEMENTITE_D011 : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-89Lee.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-89Lee.tdb): CEMENTITE_D011, type code %, sha256 `1a3508033169fb38…`

~~~~text
75: PHASE CEMENTITE_D011 % 2 3 1 !
76: CONST CEMENTITE_D011 : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb): CEMENTITE_D011, type code %, sha256 `6ed68a57bf41b8a1…`

~~~~text
66: PHASE CEMENTITE_D011 % 2 3 1 !
67: CONST CEMENTITE_D011 : MN : C : !
~~~~

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002) Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2889%2990024-2) B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006) F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf02665426](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02665426) Robert Benz, John F. Elliott, John Chipman, Thermodynamics of the solid phases in the system Fe−Mn−C, Metall Trans 4, 1975-1986 (1973).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0549](https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0549) P. Karen, H. Fjellvåg, A. Kjekshus, A. F. Andresen, Lars I. Elding, I. Trabjerg, On the Phase Relations and Structural and Magnetic Properties of the Stable Manganese Carbides Mn23C6, Mn5C2 and Mn7C3., Acta Chem. Scand. 45, 549-557 (1991).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1023/b:dopc.0000025219.06217.03](https://doi.org/10.1023/b:dopc.0000025219.06217.03) A. I. Zaitsev, N. E. Zaitseva, Yu. P. Alekseeva, S. F. Dunaev, Thermodynamic Study of Manganese Carbides, Doklady Physical Chemistry 395, 94-97 (2004).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## CUB_A13 (C–Mn)

- Id: `phase:c-mn:cub-a13`; status `assigned`
- Structure: beta-Mn · A13 · cP20 · P4_132 (213); type `st:a13-beta-mn-cp20`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 980.01–1359.99 K, x(C) 0–0.02689
- Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:c-mn:cub-a13)

Names (7): _corpus: _corpus:phase:c-mn:cub-a13  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:β-Mn  
_tdb: _tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:CUB_A13, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:CUB_A13, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:CUB_A13, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:CUB_A13, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:CUB_A13  


### TDB models of CUB_A13 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[MnC-10Dju.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-10Dju.tdb): CUB_A13, type code %, sha256 `9389526bde1e09c7…`

~~~~text
46: PHASE CUB_A13 % 2 1 1 !
47: CONST CUB_A13 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-18Tan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-18Tan.tdb): CUB_A13, type code %, sha256 `43925e90f0ef596d…`

~~~~text
51: PHASE CUB_A13 % 2 1 1 !
52: CONST CUB_A13 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-19Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-19Mie.tdb): CUB_A13, type code %, sha256 `9338497d5733e945…`

~~~~text
47: PHASE CUB_A13 % 2 1 1 !
48: CONST CUB_A13 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-89Lee.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-89Lee.tdb): CUB_A13, type code %, sha256 `1a3508033169fb38…`

~~~~text
50: PHASE CUB_A13 % 2 1 1 !
51: CONST CUB_A13 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb): CUB_A13, type code %, sha256 `6ed68a57bf41b8a1…`

~~~~text
51: PHASE CUB_A13 % 2 1 1 !
52: CONST CUB_A13 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002) Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2889%2990024-2) B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006) F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/srin.193500743](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.193500743) Rudolf Vogel, Werner Döring, Das System Eisen-Zementit-Mangankarbid-Mangan, Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen 9, 247-252 (1935).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## M7C3_D101 (C–Mn)

- Id: `phase:c-mn:d101-m7c3`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Cr7C3 · D10_1 · oP40 · Pnma (62); type `st:d10-1-cr7c3-op40`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (unrecognised_name_tokens:M7C3); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: C 0.3000, Mn 0.7000
- Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1605.75 K, x(C) 0.3–0.3
- Literature: 24 values (24 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:c-mn:d101-m7c3)

Names (8): _corpus: _corpus:phase:c-mn:d101-m7c3, corpus:phase:c-mn:m7c3-d101  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:Mn7C3  
_tdb: _tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:M7C3_D101, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:M7C3_D101, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:M7C3_D101, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:M7C3_D101, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:M7C3_D101  


### TDB models of M7C3_D101 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[MnC-10Dju.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-10Dju.tdb): M7C3_D101, type code %, sha256 `9389526bde1e09c7…`

~~~~text
76: PHASE M7C3_D101 % 2 7 3 !
77: CONST M7C3_D101 : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-18Tan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-18Tan.tdb): M7C3_D101, type code %, sha256 `43925e90f0ef596d…`

~~~~text
81: PHASE M7C3_D101 % 2 7 3 !
82: CONST M7C3_D101 : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-19Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-19Mie.tdb): M7C3_D101, type code %, sha256 `9338497d5733e945…`

~~~~text
67: PHASE M7C3_D101 % 2 7 3 !
68: CONST M7C3_D101 : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-89Lee.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-89Lee.tdb): M7C3_D101, type code %, sha256 `1a3508033169fb38…`

~~~~text
85: PHASE M7C3_D101 % 2 7 3 !
86: CONST M7C3_D101 : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb): M7C3_D101, type code %, sha256 `6ed68a57bf41b8a1…`

~~~~text
71: PHASE M7C3_D101 % 2 7 3 !
72: CONST M7C3_D101 : MN : C : !
~~~~

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002) Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2889%2990024-2) B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006) F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0549](https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0549) P. Karen, H. Fjellvåg, A. Kjekshus, A. F. Andresen, Lars I. Elding, I. Trabjerg, On the Phase Relations and Structural and Magnetic Properties of the Stable Manganese Carbides Mn23C6, Mn5C2 and Mn7C3., Acta Chem. Scand. 45, 549-557 (1991).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf02665426](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02665426) Robert Benz, John F. Elliott, John Chipman, Thermodynamics of the solid phases in the system Fe−Mn−C, Metall Trans 4, 1975-1986 (1973).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/s0925-8388(97)00023-6](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2897%2900023-6) S.V. Meschel, O.J. Kleppa, Standard enthalpies of formation of some 3d transition metal carbides by high temperature reaction calorimetry, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 257, 227-233 (1997).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1023/b:dopc.0000025219.06217.03](https://doi.org/10.1023/b:dopc.0000025219.06217.03) A. I. Zaitsev, N. E. Zaitseva, Yu. P. Alekseeva, S. F. Dunaev, Thermodynamic Study of Manganese Carbides, Doklady Physical Chemistry 395, 94-97 (2004).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1088/0026-1394/43/5/n01](https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/5/n01) Y Yamada, Y Wang, N Sasajima, Metal carbide-carbon peritectic systems as high-temperature fixed points in thermometry, Metrologia 43, L23-L27 (2006).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## M23C6_D84 (C–Mn)

- Id: `phase:c-mn:d84-m23c6`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Cr23C6 · D8_4 · cF116 · Fm-3m (225); type `st:d8-4-cr23c6-cf116`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaabexac and oqmd-12616, space group 225
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (unrecognised_name_tokens:M23C6); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: C 0.2069, Mn 0.7931
- Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1307.27 K, x(C) 0.2069–0.2069
- Literature: 25 values (25 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:c-mn:d84-m23c6)

Names (10): _corpus: _corpus:phase:c-mn:d84-m23c6, corpus:phase:c-mn:m23c6-d84  
_mp: _mp:mp-aaabexac  
_oqmd: _oqmd:oqmd-12616  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:Mn23C6  
_tdb: _tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:M23C6_D84, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:M23C6_D84, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:M23C6_D84, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:M23C6_D84, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:M23C6_D84  


### TDB models of M23C6_D84 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[MnC-10Dju.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-10Dju.tdb): M23C6_D84, type code %, sha256 `9389526bde1e09c7…`

~~~~text
61: PHASE M23C6_D84 % 3 20 3 6 !
62: CONST M23C6_D84 : MN : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-18Tan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-18Tan.tdb): M23C6_D84, type code %, sha256 `43925e90f0ef596d…`

~~~~text
66: PHASE M23C6_D84 % 3 20 3 6 !
67: CONST M23C6_D84 : MN : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-19Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-19Mie.tdb): M23C6_D84, type code %, sha256 `9338497d5733e945…`

~~~~text
72: PHASE M23C6_D84 % 3 20 3 6 !
73: CONST M23C6_D84 : MN : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-89Lee.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-89Lee.tdb): M23C6_D84, type code %, sha256 `1a3508033169fb38…`

~~~~text
65: PHASE M23C6_D84 % 3 20 3 6 !
66: CONST M23C6_D84 : MN : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb): M23C6_D84, type code %, sha256 `6ed68a57bf41b8a1…`

~~~~text
76: PHASE M23C6_D84 % 3 20 3 6 !
77: CONST M23C6_D84 : MN : MN : C : !
~~~~

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002) Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2889%2990024-2) B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006) F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf02665426](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02665426) Robert Benz, John F. Elliott, John Chipman, Thermodynamics of the solid phases in the system Fe−Mn−C, Metall Trans 4, 1975-1986 (1973).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf02655933](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02655933) Du Sichen, S. Seetharaman, L. -I. Staffansson, Some phase-diagram aspects of the manganese-carbon system, Metall Trans B 20, 747-754 (1989).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1023/b:dopc.0000025219.06217.03](https://doi.org/10.1023/b:dopc.0000025219.06217.03) A. I. Zaitsev, N. E. Zaitseva, Yu. P. Alekseeva, S. F. Dunaev, Thermodynamic Study of Manganese Carbides, Doklady Physical Chemistry 395, 94-97 (2004).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0549](https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0549) P. Karen, H. Fjellvåg, A. Kjekshus, A. F. Andresen, Lars I. Elding, I. Trabjerg, On the Phase Relations and Structural and Magnetic Properties of the Stable Manganese Carbides Mn23C6, Mn5C2 and Mn7C3., Acta Chem. Scand. 45, 549-557 (1991).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## FCC_A1 (C–Mn)

- Id: `phase:c-mn:fcc-a1`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type `st:a1-cu-cf4`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1024.34–1522.7 K, x(C) 0–0.13856
- Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:c-mn:fcc-a1)

Names (7): _corpus: _corpus:phase:c-mn:fcc-a1  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:γ-Mn  
_tdb: _tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:FCC_A1  


### TDB models of FCC_A1 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[MnC-10Dju.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-10Dju.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `9389526bde1e09c7…`

~~~~text
26: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
27: CONST FCC_A1 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-18Tan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-18Tan.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `43925e90f0ef596d…`

~~~~text
31: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
32: CONST FCC_A1 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-19Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-19Mie.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `9338497d5733e945…`

~~~~text
27: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
28: CONST FCC_A1 : MN C : VA : !
~~~~

[MnC-89Lee.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-89Lee.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `1a3508033169fb38…`

~~~~text
30: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
31: CONST FCC_A1 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `6ed68a57bf41b8a1…`

~~~~text
31: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
32: CONST FCC_A1 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002) Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2889%2990024-2) B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006) F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf02655933](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02655933) Du Sichen, S. Seetharaman, L. -I. Staffansson, Some phase-diagram aspects of the manganese-carbon system, Metall Trans B 20, 747-754 (1989).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf02665426](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02665426) Robert Benz, John F. Elliott, John Chipman, Thermodynamics of the solid phases in the system Fe−Mn−C, Metall Trans 4, 1975-1986 (1973).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## HCP_A3 (C–Mn)

- Id: `phase:c-mn:hcp-a3`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type `st:a3-mg-hp2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1580.74 K, x(C) 0.1288–0.33333
- Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:c-mn:hcp-a3)

Names (7): _corpus: _corpus:phase:c-mn:hcp-a3  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:MnC  
_tdb: _tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:HCP_A3  


### TDB models of HCP_A3 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[MnC-10Dju.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-10Dju.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `9389526bde1e09c7…`

~~~~text
36: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
37: CONST HCP_A3 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-18Tan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-18Tan.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `43925e90f0ef596d…`

~~~~text
41: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
42: CONST HCP_A3 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-19Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-19Mie.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `9338497d5733e945…`

~~~~text
37: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
38: CONST HCP_A3 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-89Lee.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-89Lee.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `1a3508033169fb38…`

~~~~text
40: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
41: CONST HCP_A3 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

[MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `6ed68a57bf41b8a1…`

~~~~text
41: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
42: CONST HCP_A3 : MN : C VA% : !
~~~~

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002) Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2889%2990024-2) B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006) F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## LIQUID (C–Mn)

- Id: `phase:c-mn:liquid`; status `assigned`
- Structure: liquid; type `st:liquid`; liquid; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 1486.59–4000 K, x(C) 0–0.84637
- Literature: 15 values (15 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:c-mn:liquid)

Names (7): _corpus: _corpus:phase:c-mn:liquid  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:L  
_tdb: _tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:LIQUID  


### TDB models of LIQUID (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[MnC-10Dju.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-10Dju.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `9389526bde1e09c7…`

~~~~text
21: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
22: CONST LIQUID:L : C MN : !
~~~~

[MnC-18Tan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-18Tan.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `43925e90f0ef596d…`

~~~~text
26: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
27: CONST LIQUID:L : C MN : !
~~~~

[MnC-19Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-19Mie.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `9338497d5733e945…`

~~~~text
22: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
23: CONST LIQUID:L : C MN : !
~~~~

[MnC-89Lee.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-89Lee.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `1a3508033169fb38…`

~~~~text
25: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
26: CONST LIQUID:L : C MN : !
~~~~

[MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `6ed68a57bf41b8a1…`

~~~~text
26: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
27: CONST LIQUID:L : C MN : !
~~~~

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002) Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2889%2990024-2) B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006) F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.3139/146.101563](https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101563) Jo Fenstad, Johan Kr. Tuset, Detailed phase diagram mapping: T–X data for solidi and liquidi of the alloy system manganese–carbon, International Journal of Materials Research 98, 970-975 (2007).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1088/0026-1394/43/5/n01](https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/5/n01) Y Yamada, Y Wang, N Sasajima, Metal carbide-carbon peritectic systems as high-temperature fixed points in thermometry, Metrologia 43, L23-L27 (2006).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## M5C2 (C–Mn)

- Id: `phase:c-mn:m5c2`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Mn5C2 · mC28 · C2/c (15); type `st:mn5c2-mc28`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (name_has_descriptive_tokens:M5C2, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: C 0.2857, Mn 0.7143
- Stability: stable in 5 of 5 calculated diagram(s): 300–1444.17 K, x(C) 0.28571–0.28571
- Literature: 25 values (25 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:c-mn:m5c2)

Names (7): _corpus: _corpus:phase:c-mn:m5c2  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002:Mn5C2  
_tdb: _tdb:MnC-10Dju.tdb:M5C2, tdb:MnC-18Tan.tdb:M5C2, tdb:MnC-19Mie.tdb:M5C2, tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:M5C2, tdb:MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb:M5C2  


### TDB models of M5C2 (5): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[MnC-10Dju.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-10Dju.tdb): M5C2, type code %, sha256 `9389526bde1e09c7…`

~~~~text
71: PHASE M5C2 % 2 5 2 !
72: CONST M5C2 : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-18Tan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-18Tan.tdb): M5C2, type code %, sha256 `43925e90f0ef596d…`

~~~~text
76: PHASE M5C2 % 2 5 2 !
77: CONST M5C2 : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-19Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-19Mie.tdb): M5C2, type code %, sha256 `9338497d5733e945…`

~~~~text
77: PHASE M5C2 % 2 5 2 !
78: CONST M5C2 : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-89Lee.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-89Lee.tdb): M5C2, type code %, sha256 `1a3508033169fb38…`

~~~~text
80: PHASE M5C2 % 2 5 2 !
81: CONST M5C2 : MN : C : !
~~~~

[MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-90Hua-LB.tdb): M5C2, type code %, sha256 `6ed68a57bf41b8a1…`

~~~~text
81: PHASE M5C2 % 2 5 2 !
82: CONST M5C2 : MN : C : !
~~~~

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.05.002) Dejan Djurovic, Bengt Hallstedt, Jörg von Appen, Richard Dronskowski, Thermodynamic assessment of the Mn–C system, Calphad 34, 279-285 (2010).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2889%2990024-2) B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2018.01.006) F. Tang, D. Bogdanovski, I. Bajenova, A.V. Khvan, R. Dronskowski, B. Hallstedt, Calphad, 60, 231-39(2018).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf02665426](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02665426) Robert Benz, John F. Elliott, John Chipman, Thermodynamics of the solid phases in the system Fe−Mn−C, Metall Trans 4, 1975-1986 (1973).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0549](https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.45-0549) P. Karen, H. Fjellvåg, A. Kjekshus, A. F. Andresen, Lars I. Elding, I. Trabjerg, On the Phase Relations and Structural and Magnetic Properties of the Stable Manganese Carbides Mn23C6, Mn5C2 and Mn7C3., Acta Chem. Scand. 45, 549-557 (1991).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1023/b:dopc.0000025219.06217.03](https://doi.org/10.1023/b:dopc.0000025219.06217.03) A. I. Zaitsev, N. E. Zaitseva, Yu. P. Alekseeva, S. F. Dunaev, Thermodynamic Study of Manganese Carbides, Doklady Physical Chemistry 395, 94-97 (2004).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/s0925-8388(97)00023-6](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2897%2900023-6) S.V. Meschel, O.J. Kleppa, Standard enthalpies of formation of some 3d transition metal carbides by high temperature reaction calorimetry, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 257, 227-233 (1997).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## MN15C4 (C–Mn)

- Id: `phase:c-mn:mn15c4`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_both; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Mn15C4) · hP57 — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for MN15C4: Mn15C4 (not considered stable)
- Stoichiometry: C 0.2105, Mn 0.7895
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1120.65–1271.3 K, x(C) 0.21053–0.21053
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:c-mn:mn15c4)

Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:c-mn:mn15c4  
_tdb: _tdb:MnC-89Lee.tdb:MN15C4  


### TDB models of MN15C4 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[MnC-89Lee.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnC-89Lee.tdb): MN15C4, type code %, sha256 `1a3508033169fb38…`

~~~~text
70: PHASE MN15C4 % 2 15 4 !
71: CONST MN15C4 : MN : C : !
~~~~

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(89)90024-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2889%2990024-2) B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 13, 345-54(1989).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite the ORCHID phase registry and the sources named on the page (TDB assessments, Hallstedt 2025, Materials Project, OQMD). TDB statements are quoted as written; parameter expressions are not reproduced. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt).