C–U phases

11 phases (tier A 6, liquid 1, needs_review 3, interstitial_fcc_a1_compound 1); 9 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · C–U system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the C–U system (11)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
ORTHORHOMBIC_A20 phase:c-u:a20-orthorhombic	alpha-U · A20 · oC4 · Cmcm (63)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–942.02 K, x(C) 0–0	0	2
DIAMOND_A4 phase:c-u:a4-diamond	C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)	25	2
GRAPHITE_A9 phase:c-u:a9-graphite	C (graphite) · A9 · hP4 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–4000 K, x(C) 1–1	0	2
BCC_A2 phase:c-u:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1048.99–3272.99 K, x(C) 0–0	0	2
FCC_A1 phase:c-u:fcc-a1	NaCl · B1 · cF8 · Fm-3m (225)	assigned	stable in 1 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–2765.65 K, x(C) 0.47136–0.65811	0	2
FCC_B1 phase:c-u:fcc-b1		needs_review	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2797.66 K, x(C) 0.47608–0.65628	0	1
HCP_A3 phase:c-u:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)	0	2
LIQUID phase:c-u:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1390.16–4000 K, x(C) 0–0.84082	81	2
TETRAGONAL_U phase:c-u:u-tetragonal		needs_review	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 942.02–1048.99 K, x(C) 0–0	0	2
U2C3_D5C phase:c-u:u2c3-d5c	Pu2C3 · D5_c · cI40 · I-43d (220)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–2090 K, x(C) 0.6–0.6	41	2
UC2_C11A phase:c-u:uc2-c11a		needs_review	stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1678.76–2063.89 K, x(C) 0.64282–0.6588	7	2

ORTHORHOMBIC_A20 (C–U)

Id: phase:c-u:a20-orthorhombic; status assigned
Structure: alpha-U · A20 · oC4 · Cmcm (63); type st:a20-alpha-u-oc4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: U 1.0000
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–942.02 K, x(C) 0–0
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:c-u:a20-orthorhombic
tdb: tdb:UC-01Che.tdb:ORTHORHOMBIC_A20, tdb:UC-11Gue.tdb:ORTHORHOMBIC_A20

TDB models of ORTHORHOMBIC_A20 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

UC-01Che.tdb: ORTHORHOMBIC_A20, type code %, sha256 9ac363bde4f95a54…

63: PHASE ORTHORHOMBIC_A20 % 1 1 !
64: CONST ORTHORHOMBIC_A20 : U : !

UC-11Gue.tdb: ORTHORHOMBIC_A20, type code %, sha256 05fc5b69e12a0826…

55: PHASE ORTHORHOMBIC_A20 % 1 1 !
56: CONST ORTHORHOMBIC_A20 : U : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.07.033 Christine Guéneau, Nathalie Dupin, Bo Sundman, Chantal Martial, Jean-Christophe Dumas, Stéphane Gossé et al., Thermodynamic modelling of advanced oxide and carbide nuclear fuels: Description of the U–Pu–O–C systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 419, 145-167 (2011).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00713-3 P.-Y. Chevalier, E. Fischer, J. Nucl. Mater., 288, 100-29(2001).
assessment that models this phase

DIAMOND_A4 (C–U)

Id: phase:c-u:a4-diamond; status assigned
Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type st:a4-c-diamond-cf8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: C 1.0000
Stability: not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 25 values (22 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:c-u:a4-diamond, corpus:phase:c-u:diamond-a4
paper: paper:10.1016/s0022-3115(00)00713-3:C, paper:10.1016/s0022-3115(00)00713-3:C(φ2)
tdb: tdb:UC-01Che.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:UC-11Gue.tdb:DIAMOND_A4

TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

UC-01Che.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 9ac363bde4f95a54…

53: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
54: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !

UC-11Gue.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 05fc5b69e12a0826…

45: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
46: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : C : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00713-3 P.-Y. Chevalier, E. Fischer, J. Nucl. Mater., 288, 100-29(2001).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.07.033 Christine Guéneau, Nathalie Dupin, Bo Sundman, Chantal Martial, Jean-Christophe Dumas, Stéphane Gossé et al., Thermodynamic modelling of advanced oxide and carbide nuclear fuels: Description of the U–Pu–O–C systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 419, 145-167 (2011).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3070-2.50004-5 E.K. Storms, A Critical Review Academic Publishers, The Refractory Carbides, vol. 171±213, 1967.
cited as the source of values for this phase

GRAPHITE_A9 (C–U)

Id: phase:c-u:a9-graphite; status assigned
Structure: C (graphite) · A9 · hP4 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a9-c-graphite-hp4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: C 1.0000
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–4000 K, x(C) 1–1
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:c-u:a9-graphite
tdb: tdb:UC-01Che.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9, tdb:UC-11Gue.tdb:GRAPHITE_A9

TDB models of GRAPHITE_A9 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

UC-01Che.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 9ac363bde4f95a54…

58: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
59: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

UC-11Gue.tdb: GRAPHITE_A9, type code %, sha256 05fc5b69e12a0826…

50: PHASE GRAPHITE_A9 % 1 1 !
51: CONST GRAPHITE_A9 : C : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.07.033 Christine Guéneau, Nathalie Dupin, Bo Sundman, Chantal Martial, Jean-Christophe Dumas, Stéphane Gossé et al., Thermodynamic modelling of advanced oxide and carbide nuclear fuels: Description of the U–Pu–O–C systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 419, 145-167 (2011).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00713-3 P.-Y. Chevalier, E. Fischer, J. Nucl. Mater., 288, 100-29(2001).
assessment that models this phase

BCC_A2 (C–U)

Id: phase:c-u:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: U 1.0000
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1048.99–3272.99 K, x(C) 0–0
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:c-u:bcc-a2
tdb: tdb:UC-01Che.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:UC-11Gue.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

UC-01Che.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 9ac363bde4f95a54…

43: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
44: CONST BCC_A2 : U : VA : !

UC-11Gue.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 05fc5b69e12a0826…

35: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
36: CONST BCC_A2 : U : VA : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.07.033 Christine Guéneau, Nathalie Dupin, Bo Sundman, Chantal Martial, Jean-Christophe Dumas, Stéphane Gossé et al., Thermodynamic modelling of advanced oxide and carbide nuclear fuels: Description of the U–Pu–O–C systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 419, 145-167 (2011).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00713-3 P.-Y. Chevalier, E. Fischer, J. Nucl. Mater., 288, 100-29(2001).
assessment that models this phase

FCC_A1 (C–U)

Id: phase:c-u:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: NaCl · B1 · cF8 · Fm-3m (225); type st:b1-nacl-cf8; interstitial_fcc_a1_compound; confidence high
Stability: stable in 1 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–2765.65 K, x(C) 0.47136–0.65811
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:c-u:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:UC-01Che.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:UC-11Gue.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

UC-01Che.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 9ac363bde4f95a54…

38: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
39: CONST FCC_A1 : U : VA : !

UC-11Gue.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 05fc5b69e12a0826…

30: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
31: CONST FCC_A1 : U : C C2 VA : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.07.033 Christine Guéneau, Nathalie Dupin, Bo Sundman, Chantal Martial, Jean-Christophe Dumas, Stéphane Gossé et al., Thermodynamic modelling of advanced oxide and carbide nuclear fuels: Description of the U–Pu–O–C systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 419, 145-167 (2011).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00713-3 P.-Y. Chevalier, E. Fischer, J. Nucl. Mater., 288, 100-29(2001).
assessment that models this phase

FCC_B1 (C–U)

Id: phase:c-u:fcc-b1; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: lattice_word_FCC_contradicts_B1; sgte_mmc2_rows_disagree
Candidate (name_token): NaCl · B1 · cF8 · Fm-3m (225) — Strukturbericht/word 'B1' in the TDB name
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): NaCl · B1 · cF8 · Fm-3m (225) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for FCC_B1: UC (also UC2 ht)
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): CaF2 · C1 · cF12 · Fm-3m (225) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for FCC_B1: UC2 (also UC)
Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu · cF4 · Fm-3m — UC-01Che.tdb: 'Prototype Cu (cF4, Fm-3m), NaCl (cF8, Fm-3m) and CaF2 (cF12, Fm-3m, SB: C1)'
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2797.66 K, x(C) 0.47608–0.65628
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:c-u:fcc-b1
tdb: tdb:UC-01Che.tdb:FCC_B1

TDB models of FCC_B1 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

UC-01Che.tdb: FCC_B1, type code %A, sha256 9ac363bde4f95a54…

73: PHASE FCC_B1 %A 2 1 1 !
74: CONST FCC_B1 : U : C C2 VA : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00713-3 P.-Y. Chevalier, E. Fischer, J. Nucl. Mater., 288, 100-29(2001).
assessment that models this phase

HCP_A3 (C–U)

Id: phase:c-u:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: U 1.0000
Stability: not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:c-u:hcp-a3
tdb: tdb:UC-01Che.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:UC-11Gue.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

UC-01Che.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 9ac363bde4f95a54…

48: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
49: CONST HCP_A3 : U : VA : !

UC-11Gue.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 05fc5b69e12a0826…

40: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
41: CONST HCP_A3 : U : VA : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.07.033 Christine Guéneau, Nathalie Dupin, Bo Sundman, Chantal Martial, Jean-Christophe Dumas, Stéphane Gossé et al., Thermodynamic modelling of advanced oxide and carbide nuclear fuels: Description of the U–Pu–O–C systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 419, 145-167 (2011).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00713-3 P.-Y. Chevalier, E. Fischer, J. Nucl. Mater., 288, 100-29(2001).
assessment that models this phase

LIQUID (C–U)

Id: phase:c-u:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1390.16–4000 K, x(C) 0–0.84082
Literature: 81 values (81 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:c-u:liquid
paper: paper:10.1016/s0022-3115(00)00713-3:L
tdb: tdb:UC-01Che.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:UC-11Gue.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

UC-01Che.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 9ac363bde4f95a54…

33: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
34: CONST LIQUID:L : C U : !

UC-11Gue.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 05fc5b69e12a0826…

25: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
26: CONST LIQUID:L : C U : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00713-3 P.-Y. Chevalier, E. Fischer, J. Nucl. Mater., 288, 100-29(2001).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.07.033 Christine Guéneau, Nathalie Dupin, Bo Sundman, Chantal Martial, Jean-Christophe Dumas, Stéphane Gossé et al., Thermodynamic modelling of advanced oxide and carbide nuclear fuels: Description of the U–Pu–O–C systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 419, 145-167 (2011).
assessment that models this phase

TETRAGONAL_U (C–U)

Id: phase:c-u:u-tetragonal; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: name_has_descriptive_tokens:TETRAGONAL; no_structure_token
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): beta-U · A_b · tP30 · P4_2/mnm (136) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for TETRAGONAL_U: beta-U
Candidate (tdb_comment): beta-U · tP30 · P4_2/mnm, SB: A_b — UC-01Che.tdb: 'Prototype beta-U (tP30, P4_2/mnm, SB: A_b)'
Candidate (tdb_comment): beta-U · tP30 · P4_2/mnm, SB: A_b — UC-11Gue.tdb: 'Prototype beta-U (tP30, P4_2/mnm, SB: A_b)'
Stoichiometry: U 1.0000
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 942.02–1048.99 K, x(C) 0–0
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:c-u:u-tetragonal
tdb: tdb:UC-01Che.tdb:TETRAGONAL_U, tdb:UC-11Gue.tdb:TETRAGONAL_U

TDB models of TETRAGONAL_U (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

UC-01Che.tdb: TETRAGONAL_U, type code %, sha256 9ac363bde4f95a54…

68: PHASE TETRAGONAL_U % 1 1 !
69: CONST TETRAGONAL_U : U : !

UC-11Gue.tdb: TETRAGONAL_U, type code %, sha256 05fc5b69e12a0826…

60: PHASE TETRAGONAL_U % 1 1 !
61: CONST TETRAGONAL_U : U : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.07.033 Christine Guéneau, Nathalie Dupin, Bo Sundman, Chantal Martial, Jean-Christophe Dumas, Stéphane Gossé et al., Thermodynamic modelling of advanced oxide and carbide nuclear fuels: Description of the U–Pu–O–C systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 419, 145-167 (2011).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00713-3 P.-Y. Chevalier, E. Fischer, J. Nucl. Mater., 288, 100-29(2001).
assessment that models this phase

U2C3_D5C (C–U)

Id: phase:c-u:u2c3-d5c; status assigned
Structure: Pu2C3 · D5_c · cI40 · I-43d (220); type st:d5-c-pu2c3-ci40; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaaaadwz and oqmd-5019, space group 220
Stoichiometry: C 0.6000, U 0.4000
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–2090 K, x(C) 0.6–0.6
Literature: 41 values (41 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:c-u:u2c3-d5c
mp: mp:mp-aaaaadwz
oqmd: oqmd:oqmd-5019
paper: paper:10.1016/s0022-3115(00)00713-3:U2C3, paper:10.1016/s0022-3115(00)00713-3:U2C3(ϕ2)
tdb: tdb:UC-01Che.tdb:U2C3_D5C, tdb:UC-11Gue.tdb:U2C3_D5C

TDB models of U2C3_D5C (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

UC-01Che.tdb: U2C3_D5C, type code %, sha256 9ac363bde4f95a54…

78: PHASE U2C3_D5C % 2 2 3 !
79: CONST U2C3_D5C : U : C : !

UC-11Gue.tdb: U2C3_D5C, type code %, sha256 05fc5b69e12a0826…

65: PHASE U2C3_D5C % 2 2 3 !
66: CONST U2C3_D5C : U : C : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00713-3 P.-Y. Chevalier, E. Fischer, J. Nucl. Mater., 288, 100-29(2001).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.07.033 Christine Guéneau, Nathalie Dupin, Bo Sundman, Chantal Martial, Jean-Christophe Dumas, Stéphane Gossé et al., Thermodynamic modelling of advanced oxide and carbide nuclear fuels: Description of the U–Pu–O–C systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 419, 145-167 (2011).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-3115(71)90121-8 M. Tetenbaum, P.D. Hunt, High-temperature thermodynamic properties of hypo- and hyper-stoichiometric uranium carbides, Journal of Nuclear Materials 40, 104-112 (1971).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.6028/jres.054.026 M.D. Burdick, H.S. Parker, R.S. Roth, E.L. McGandy, An x-ray study of the system uranium monocarbide-uranium dicarbide-beryllium carbide, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. 54, 217 (1955).
cited as the source of values for this phase

UC2_C11A (C–U)

Id: phase:c-u:uc2-c11a; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_blocked_by:site_ratios_contradict_C11_a; site_ratios_contradict_C11_a:UC-01Che.tdb
Candidate (name_token): CaC2 · C11_a · tI6 · I4/mmm (139) — Strukturbericht/word 'C11A' in the TDB name
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): CaC2 · C11_a · tI6 · I4/mmm (139) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for UC2_C11A: UC2 (lt)
Candidate (tdb_comment): CaC2 · tI6 · I4/mmm — UC-01Che.tdb: 'Prototype CaC2 (tI6, I4/mmm)'
Candidate (tdb_comment): CaC2 · tI6 · I4/mmm — UC-11Gue.tdb: 'Prototype CaC2 (tI6, I4/mmm)'
Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1678.76–2063.89 K, x(C) 0.64282–0.6588
Literature: 7 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:c-u:uc2-c11a
paper: paper:10.1016/s0022-3115(00)00713-3:α-UC2(φ1)
tdb: tdb:UC-01Che.tdb:UC2_C11A, tdb:UC-11Gue.tdb:UC2_C11A

TDB models of UC2_C11A (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

UC-01Che.tdb: UC2_C11A, type code %, sha256 9ac363bde4f95a54…

83: PHASE UC2_C11A % 2 1 1 !
84: CONST UC2_C11A : U : C C2 VA : !

UC-11Gue.tdb: UC2_C11A, type code %, sha256 05fc5b69e12a0826…

70: PHASE UC2_C11A % 2 1 2 !
71: CONST UC2_C11A : U : C VA : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00713-3 P.-Y. Chevalier, E. Fischer, J. Nucl. Mater., 288, 100-29(2001).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.07.033 Christine Guéneau, Nathalie Dupin, Bo Sundman, Chantal Martial, Jean-Christophe Dumas, Stéphane Gossé et al., Thermodynamic modelling of advanced oxide and carbide nuclear fuels: Description of the U–Pu–O–C systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 419, 145-167 (2011).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3070-2.50004-5 E.K. Storms, A Critical Review Academic Publishers, The Refractory Carbides, vol. 171±213, 1967.
cited as the source of values for this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}