# Cu–Sm phases > Cu–Sm system: 10 phases (tier A 5, tier C 2, liquid 1, needs_review 2); 10 stable in a calculated diagram in the ORCHID phase registry, with names, structure type when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules, calculated stability, verbatim TDB PHASE/CONSTITUENT statements and example references. HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CU-SM.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CU-SM.md 10 phases (tier A 5, tier C 2, liquid 1, needs_review 2); 10 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model). Data: [interactive registry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/?q=CU-SM) · [full JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/systems/CU-SM.json) · [Cu–Sm system page](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-SM.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CU-SM.md) · [field reference](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md) Table: Phases of the Cu–Sm system (10) | Phase | Structure | Basis | Stability (calculated) | Literature values | TDB models | |---|---|---|---|---:|---:| | [BCC_A2](#phase-cu-sm-bcc-a2); _phase:cu-sm:bcc-a2_ | W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1190.48–2500 K, x(Sm) 0.99877–1 | 1 | 1 | | [CU2SM](#phase-cu-sm-cu2sm); _phase:cu-sm:cu2sm_ | Hg2K · oI12 · Imma (74) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1128.27 K, x(Sm) 0.33333–0.33333 | 3 | 1 | | [CU4SM](#phase-cu-sm-cu4sm); _phase:cu-sm:cu4sm_ | | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1151.17 K, x(Sm) 0.2–0.2 | 2 | 1 | | [CU5SM_D2D](#phase-cu-sm-cu5sm-d2d); _phase:cu-sm:cu5sm-d2d_ | CaCu5 · D2_d · hP6 · P6/mmm (191) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1198.43 K, x(Sm) 0.16667–0.16667 | 2 | 1 | | [CU6SM](#phase-cu-sm-cu6sm); _phase:cu-sm:cu6sm_ | CeCu6 · oP28 · Pnma (62) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1240.16 K, x(Sm) 0.14286–0.14286 | 3 | 1 | | [CUSM](#phase-cu-sm-cusm); _phase:cu-sm:cusm_ | | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1057.83 K, x(Sm) 0.5–0.5 | 3 | 1 | | [FCC_A1](#phase-cu-sm-fcc-a1); _phase:cu-sm:fcc-a1_ | Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1366.17 K, x(Sm) 0–0 | 1 | 1 | | [HCP_A3](#phase-cu-sm-hcp-a3); _phase:cu-sm:hcp-a3_ | Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 999.28–1335.48 K, x(Sm) 0.99992–1 | 0 | 1 | | [LIQUID](#phase-cu-sm-liquid); _phase:cu-sm:liquid_ | liquid | liquid | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 827.58–2500 K, x(Sm) 0–1 | 10 | 1 | | [RHOMB_C19](#phase-cu-sm-rhomb-c19); _phase:cu-sm:rhomb-c19_ | CdCl2 · C19 · hR3 · R-3m (166) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1194.28 K, x(Sm) 1–1 | 1 | 1 | ## BCC_A2 (Cu–Sm) - Id: `phase:cu-sm:bcc-a2`; status `assigned` - Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type `st:a2-w-ci2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1190.48–2500 K, x(Sm) 0.99877–1 - Literature: 1 values (1 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sm:bcc-a2) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sm:bcc-a2 _paper: _paper:10.1007/bf02665998:Sm(bcc) _tdb: _tdb:CuSm-96Zhu.tdb:BCC_A2 ### TDB models of BCC_A2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [CuSm-96Zhu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSm-96Zhu.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `c172df98a0ac4787…` ~~~~text 38: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 ! 39: CONST BCC_A2 : CU SM% : VA : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/BF02665998](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665998) W. Zhuang, Z.-Y. Qiao, S. Wei, J. Shen, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 508-21(1996). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ ## CU2SM (Cu–Sm) - Id: `phase:cu-sm:cu2sm`; status `assigned` - Structure: Hg2K · oI12 · Imma (74); type `st:hg2k-oi12`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated - Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833) - Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (dft_space_group_74_matches_2_structure_types, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system - Stoichiometry: Cu 0.6667, Sm 0.3333 - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1128.27 K, x(Sm) 0.33333–0.33333 - Literature: 3 values (3 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sm:cu2sm) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sm:cu2sm _paper: _paper:10.1007/bf02665998:Cu2Sm _tdb: _tdb:CuSm-96Zhu.tdb:CU2SM ### TDB models of CU2SM (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [CuSm-96Zhu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSm-96Zhu.tdb): CU2SM, type code %, sha256 `c172df98a0ac4787…` ~~~~text 68: PHASE CU2SM % 2 2 1 ! 69: CONST CU2SM : CU : SM : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/BF02665998](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665998) W. Zhuang, Z.-Y. Qiao, S. Wei, J. Shen, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 508-21(1996). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ ## CU4SM (Cu–Sm) - Id: `phase:cu-sm:cu4sm`; status `needs_review` - No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_both; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete - Candidate (literature_printed): (Cu4Sm) · ? — printed with a label mapped to this phase - Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Cu4Sm) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for CU4SM: Cu4Sm - Stoichiometry: Cu 0.8000, Sm 0.2000 - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1151.17 K, x(Sm) 0.2–0.2 - Literature: 2 values (2 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sm:cu4sm) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sm:cu4sm _paper: _paper:10.1007/bf02665998:Cu4Sm _tdb: _tdb:CuSm-96Zhu.tdb:CU4SM ### TDB models of CU4SM (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [CuSm-96Zhu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSm-96Zhu.tdb): CU4SM, type code %, sha256 `c172df98a0ac4787…` ~~~~text 63: PHASE CU4SM % 2 4 1 ! 64: CONST CU4SM : CU : SM : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/BF02665998](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665998) W. Zhuang, Z.-Y. Qiao, S. Wei, J. Shen, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 508-21(1996). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ ## CU5SM_D2D (Cu–Sm) - Id: `phase:cu-sm:cu5sm-d2d`; status `assigned` - Structure: CaCu5 · D2_d · hP6 · P6/mmm (191); type `st:d2-d-cacu5-hp6`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaaaaait and oqmd-31281, space group 191 - Stoichiometry: Cu 0.8333, Sm 0.1667 - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1198.43 K, x(Sm) 0.16667–0.16667 - Literature: 2 values (2 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sm:cu5sm-d2d) Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sm:cu5sm-d2d _mp: _mp:mp-aaaaaait _oqmd: _oqmd:oqmd-31281 _paper: _paper:10.1007/bf02665998:Cu5Sm _tdb: _tdb:CuSm-96Zhu.tdb:CU5SM_D2D ### TDB models of CU5SM_D2D (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [CuSm-96Zhu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSm-96Zhu.tdb): CU5SM_D2D, type code %, sha256 `c172df98a0ac4787…` ~~~~text 58: PHASE CU5SM_D2D % 2 5 1 ! 59: CONST CU5SM_D2D : CU : SM : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/BF02665998](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665998) W. Zhuang, Z.-Y. Qiao, S. Wei, J. Shen, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 508-21(1996). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ ## CU6SM (Cu–Sm) - Id: `phase:cu-sm:cu6sm`; status `assigned` - Structure: CeCu6 · oP28 · Pnma (62); type `st:cecu6-op28`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated - Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833) - Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system - Stoichiometry: Cu 0.8571, Sm 0.1429 - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1240.16 K, x(Sm) 0.14286–0.14286 - Literature: 3 values (3 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sm:cu6sm) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sm:cu6sm _paper: _paper:10.1007/bf02665998:Cu6Sm _tdb: _tdb:CuSm-96Zhu.tdb:CU6SM ### TDB models of CU6SM (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [CuSm-96Zhu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSm-96Zhu.tdb): CU6SM, type code %, sha256 `c172df98a0ac4787…` ~~~~text 53: PHASE CU6SM % 2 6 1 ! 54: CONST CU6SM : CU : SM : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/BF02665998](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665998) W. Zhuang, Z.-Y. Qiao, S. Wei, J. Shen, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 508-21(1996). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ ## CUSM (Cu–Sm) - Id: `phase:cu-sm:cusm`; status `needs_review` - No structure assigned. Why: dft_space_group_62_matches_5_structure_types; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_disagrees_with_dft; sgte_mmc2_rows_disagree - Candidate (dft_mp): Pnma (62) — on-hull MP SmCu at x(SM)=0.5000 - Candidate (dft_oqmd): Pnma (62) — on-hull OQMD Cu1 Sm1 at x(SM)=0.5000 - Candidate (dft_space_group_and_stoichiometry): GeS · B16 · oP8 · Pnma (62) — space group 62 and stoichiometry match - Candidate (dft_space_group_and_stoichiometry): FeB · B27 · oP8 · Pnma (62) — space group 62 and stoichiometry match - Candidate (dft_space_group_and_stoichiometry): SnS · B29 · oP8 · Pnma (62) — space group 62 and stoichiometry match - Candidate (dft_space_group_and_stoichiometry): MnP · B31 · oP8 · Pnma (62) — space group 62 and stoichiometry match - Candidate (dft_space_group_and_stoichiometry): FeAs · oP8 · Pnma (62) — space group 62 and stoichiometry match - Candidate (literature_printed): CsCl · cP2 — printed with a label mapped to this phase - Stoichiometry: Cu 0.5000, Sm 0.5000 - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1057.83 K, x(Sm) 0.5–0.5 - Literature: 3 values (3 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sm:cusm) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sm:cusm _paper: _paper:10.1007/bf02665998:CuSm _tdb: _tdb:CuSm-96Zhu.tdb:CUSM ### TDB models of CUSM (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [CuSm-96Zhu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSm-96Zhu.tdb): CUSM, type code %, sha256 `c172df98a0ac4787…` ~~~~text 73: PHASE CUSM % 2 1 1 ! 74: CONST CUSM : CU : SM : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/BF02665998](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665998) W. Zhuang, Z.-Y. Qiao, S. Wei, J. Shen, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 508-21(1996). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ ## FCC_A1 (Cu–Sm) - Id: `phase:cu-sm:fcc-a1`; status `assigned` - Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type `st:a1-cu-cf4`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stoichiometry: Cu 1.0000 - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1366.17 K, x(Sm) 0–0 - Literature: 1 values (1 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sm:fcc-a1) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sm:fcc-a1 _paper: _paper:10.1007/bf02665998:Cu(fcc) _tdb: _tdb:CuSm-96Zhu.tdb:FCC_A1 ### TDB models of FCC_A1 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [CuSm-96Zhu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSm-96Zhu.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `c172df98a0ac4787…` ~~~~text 33: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 ! 34: CONST FCC_A1 : CU : VA : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/BF02665998](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665998) W. Zhuang, Z.-Y. Qiao, S. Wei, J. Shen, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 508-21(1996). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ ## HCP_A3 (Cu–Sm) - Id: `phase:cu-sm:hcp-a3`; status `assigned` - Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type `st:a3-mg-hp2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 999.28–1335.48 K, x(Sm) 0.99992–1 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sm:hcp-a3) Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sm:hcp-a3 _tdb: _tdb:CuSm-96Zhu.tdb:HCP_A3 ### TDB models of HCP_A3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [CuSm-96Zhu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSm-96Zhu.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `c172df98a0ac4787…` ~~~~text 43: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 ! 44: CONST HCP_A3 : CU SM : VA : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/BF02665998](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665998) W. Zhuang, Z.-Y. Qiao, S. Wei, J. Shen, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 508-21(1996). _assessment that models this phase_ ## LIQUID (Cu–Sm) - Id: `phase:cu-sm:liquid`; status `assigned` - Structure: liquid; type `st:liquid`; liquid; confidence high - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 827.58–2500 K, x(Sm) 0–1 - Literature: 10 values (10 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sm:liquid) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sm:liquid _paper: _paper:10.1007/bf02665998:liq _tdb: _tdb:CuSm-96Zhu.tdb:LIQUID ### TDB models of LIQUID (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [CuSm-96Zhu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSm-96Zhu.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `c172df98a0ac4787…` ~~~~text 28: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 ! 29: CONST LIQUID:L : CU SM : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/BF02665998](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665998) W. Zhuang, Z.-Y. Qiao, S. Wei, J. Shen, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 508-21(1996). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ ## RHOMB_C19 (Cu–Sm) - Id: `phase:cu-sm:rhomb-c19`; status `assigned` - Structure: CdCl2 · C19 · hR3 · R-3m (166); type `st:c19-cdcl2-hr3`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stoichiometry: Sm 1.0000 - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1194.28 K, x(Sm) 1–1 - Literature: 1 values (1 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sm:rhomb-c19) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sm:rhomb-c19 _paper: _paper:10.1007/bf02665998:Sm(rhomb) _tdb: _tdb:CuSm-96Zhu.tdb:RHOMB_C19 ### TDB models of RHOMB_C19 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [CuSm-96Zhu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSm-96Zhu.tdb): RHOMB_C19, type code %, sha256 `c172df98a0ac4787…` ~~~~text 48: PHASE RHOMB_C19 % 1 1 ! 49: CONST RHOMB_C19 : SM : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/BF02665998](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665998) W. Zhuang, Z.-Y. Qiao, S. Wei, J. Shen, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 508-21(1996). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ ## Please cite - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065 Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes. ```bibtex @misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_data_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } ``` --- Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite the ORCHID phase registry and the sources named on the page (TDB assessments, Hallstedt 2025, Materials Project, OQMD). TDB statements are quoted as written; parameter expressions are not reproduced. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt).