# Cu–Sn phases

> Cu–Sn system: 16 phases (tier A 7, tier C 1, liquid 1, needs_review 7); 14 stable in a calculated diagram in the ORCHID phase registry, with names, structure type when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules, calculated stability, verbatim TDB PHASE/CONSTITUENT statements and example references.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CU-SN.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CU-SN.md

16 phases (tier A 7, tier C 1, liquid 1, needs_review 7); 14 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: [interactive registry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/?q=CU-SN) · [full JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/systems/CU-SN.json) · [Cu–Sn system page](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-SN.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CU-SN.md) · [field reference](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md)

Table: Phases of the Cu–Sn system (16)

| Phase | Structure | Basis | Stability (calculated) | Literature values | TDB models |
|---|---|---|---|---:|---:|
| [DIAMOND_A4](#phase-cu-sn-a4-diamond); _phase:cu-sn:a4-diamond_ | C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 9 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 9 |
| [BCT_A5](#phase-cu-sn-a5-bct); _phase:cu-sn:a5-bct_ | beta-Sn · A5 · tI4 · I4_1/amd (141) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 9 of 9 calculated diagram(s): 300–505.08 K, x(Sn) 0.99989–1 | 7 | 9 |
| [BCC_4SL](#phase-cu-sn-bcc-4sl); _phase:cu-sn:bcc-4sl_ |  | needs_review | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 787.82–1071.43 K, x(Sn) 0.14285–0.30069 | 20 | 3 |
| [BCC_A2](#phase-cu-sn-bcc-a2); _phase:cu-sn:bcc-a2_ | W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 9 of 9 calculated diagram(s): 793.31–1089.42 K, x(Sn) 0.12402–0.31298 | 22 | 13 |
| [B2_BCC](#phase-cu-sn-bcc-b2); _phase:cu-sn:bcc-b2_ | CsCl · B2 · cP2 · Pm-3m (221) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 846.04–1040 K, x(Sn) 0.15409–0.23704 | 0 | 1 |
| [CU10SN3](#phase-cu-sn-cu10sn3); _phase:cu-sn:cu10sn3_ |  | needs_review | stable in 9 of 9 calculated diagram(s): 783.21–953.8 K, x(Sn) 0.23077–0.231 | 18 | 9 |
| [CU3SN](#phase-cu-sn-cu3sn); _phase:cu-sn:cu3sn_ |  | needs_review | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–960 K, x(Sn) 0.25–0.25 | 0 | 2 |
| [CU3SN_D03](#phase-cu-sn-cu3sn-d03); _phase:cu-sn:cu3sn-d03_ | BiF3 · D0_3 · cF16 · Fm-3m (225) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 791.8–1030.43 K, x(Sn) 0.15876–0.28152 | 21 | 3 |
| [CU3SN_L](#phase-cu-sn-cu3sn-l); _phase:cu-sn:cu3sn-l_ | Cu3Sn · oC80 · Cmcm (63) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 7 of 7 calculated diagram(s): 300–960 K, x(Sn) 0.25–0.25 | 41 | 7 |
| [CU41SN11](#phase-cu-sn-cu41sn11); _phase:cu-sn:cu41sn11_ |  | needs_review | stable in 9 of 9 calculated diagram(s): 545.12–900 K, x(Sn) 0.21154–0.212 | 24 | 9 |
| [CU6SN5](#phase-cu-sn-cu6sn5); _phase:cu-sn:cu6sn5_ |  | needs_review | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–689.63 K, x(Sn) 0.45316–0.4666 | 0 | 2 |
| [CU6SN5_B81](#phase-cu-sn-cu6sn5-b81); _phase:cu-sn:cu6sn5-b81_ |  | needs_review | stable in 8 of 8 calculated diagram(s): 457.14–700.05 K, x(Sn) 0.4488–0.4609 | 15 | 8 |
| [CU6SN5_L](#phase-cu-sn-cu6sn5-l); _phase:cu-sn:cu6sn5-l_ |  | needs_review | stable in 7 of 7 calculated diagram(s): 300–470.74 K, x(Sn) 0.45421–0.455 | 4 | 7 |
| [FCC_A1](#phase-cu-sn-fcc-a1); _phase:cu-sn:fcc-a1_ | Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 9 of 9 calculated diagram(s): 300–1917.68 K, x(Sn) 0–0.47926 | 23 | 9 |
| [HCP_A3](#phase-cu-sn-hcp-a3); _phase:cu-sn:hcp-a3_ | Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 9 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 9 |
| [LIQUID](#phase-cu-sn-liquid); _phase:cu-sn:liquid_ | liquid | liquid | stable in 9 of 9 calculated diagram(s): 497.6–2500 K, x(Sn) 0–1 | 31 | 9 |

## DIAMOND_A4 (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:a4-diamond`; status `assigned`
- Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type `st:a4-c-diamond-cf8`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stoichiometry: Sn 1.0000
- Stability: not stable in 9 calculated diagram(s)
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:a4-diamond)

Names (10): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:a4-diamond  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-02Mie.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:CuSn-04Liu.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:CuSn-11Wan.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:CuSn-12Gie.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:CuSn-13Li.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:CuSn-14Don.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:CuSn-24Oik.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb:DIAMOND_A4  


### TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (9): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-02Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-02Mie.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `dc0d6f926464208c…`

~~~~text
55: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
56: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-04Liu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-04Liu.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `9154daa481117070…`

~~~~text
60: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
61: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-11Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-11Wan.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `09295a811fc14647…`

~~~~text
66: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
67: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-12Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-12Gie.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `9ef08747a43ce1af…`

~~~~text
44: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
45: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-13Li.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-13Li.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `89a7eb1b85e0f8ee…`

~~~~text
58: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
59: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-14Don.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-14Don.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `a2c384fc82a2fee8…`

~~~~text
54: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
55: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-24Oik.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-24Oik.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `2342771d678230e9…`

~~~~text
67: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
68: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `fd6df74d5a112071…`

~~~~text
60: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
61: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `7c385a7a27d34e5f…`

~~~~text
61: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
62: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7) J. Miettinen, Thermodynamic description of the Cu-Al-Sn system in the copper-rich corner, Metall Mater Trans A 33, 1639-1648 (2002).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0) X. J. Liu, R. Kainuma, C. P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Mn systems, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 1641-1654 (2004).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z) Wojciech Gierlotka, Thermodynamic Description of the Quaternary Ag-Cu-In-Sn System, Journal of Elec Materi 41, 86-108 (2012).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z) Katsunari Oikawa, Nobufumi Ueshima, Thermodynamic Reassessment of the Binary Cu-Sn, Cu-P, and Sn-P and Ternary Cu-Sn-P Systems, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 45, 547-566 (2024).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) Jiang Wang, Chunlei Liu, Christian Leinenbach, Ulrich E. Klotz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Jörg F. Löffler, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Sn–Ti ternary system, Calphad 35, 82-94 (2011).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010) D. Li, P. Franke, S. Fürtauer, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, The Cu–Sn phase diagram part II: New thermodynamic assessment, Intermetallics 34, 148-158 (2013).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041) H.Q. Dong, V. Vuorinen, X.M. Tao, T. Laurila, M. Paulasto-Kröckel, Thermodynamic reassessment of Au–Cu–Sn ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 588, 449-460 (2014).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee, and D.N. Lee: Z. Metallkd., 1996, vol. 87, pp. 205-12.  
_assessment that models this phase_

## BCT_A5 (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:a5-bct`; status `assigned`
- Structure: beta-Sn · A5 · tI4 · I4_1/amd (141); type `st:a5-beta-sn-ti4`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 9 of 9 calculated diagram(s): 300–505.08 K, x(Sn) 0.99989–1
- Literature: 7 values (7 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:a5-bct)

Names (13): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:a5-bct, corpus:phase:cu-sn:bct-a5  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7:Sn, paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010:(Sn)  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-02Mie.tdb:BCT_A5, tdb:CuSn-04Liu.tdb:BCT_A5, tdb:CuSn-11Wan.tdb:BCT_A5, tdb:CuSn-12Gie.tdb:BCT_A5, tdb:CuSn-13Li.tdb:BCT_A5, tdb:CuSn-14Don.tdb:BCT_A5, tdb:CuSn-24Oik.tdb:BCT_A5, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb:BCT_A5, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb:BCT_A5  


### TDB models of BCT_A5 (9): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-02Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-02Mie.tdb): BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 `dc0d6f926464208c…`

~~~~text
60: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
61: CONST BCT_A5 : CU SN% : !
~~~~

[CuSn-04Liu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-04Liu.tdb): BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 `9154daa481117070…`

~~~~text
65: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
66: CONST BCT_A5 : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-11Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-11Wan.tdb): BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 `09295a811fc14647…`

~~~~text
71: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
72: CONST BCT_A5 : CU SN% : !
~~~~

[CuSn-12Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-12Gie.tdb): BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 `9ef08747a43ce1af…`

~~~~text
49: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
50: CONST BCT_A5 : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-13Li.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-13Li.tdb): BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 `89a7eb1b85e0f8ee…`

~~~~text
63: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
64: CONST BCT_A5 : CU SN% : !
~~~~

[CuSn-14Don.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-14Don.tdb): BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 `a2c384fc82a2fee8…`

~~~~text
59: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
60: CONST BCT_A5 : CU SN% : !
~~~~

[CuSn-24Oik.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-24Oik.tdb): BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 `2342771d678230e9…`

~~~~text
72: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
73: CONST BCT_A5 : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb): BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 `fd6df74d5a112071…`

~~~~text
65: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
66: CONST BCT_A5 : CU SN% : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb): BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 `7c385a7a27d34e5f…`

~~~~text
66: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
67: CONST BCT_A5 : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010) D. Li, P. Franke, S. Fürtauer, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, The Cu–Sn phase diagram part II: New thermodynamic assessment, Intermetallics 34, 148-158 (2013).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7) J. Miettinen, Thermodynamic description of the Cu-Al-Sn system in the copper-rich corner, Metall Mater Trans A 33, 1639-1648 (2002).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee, and D.N. Lee: Z. Metallkd., 1996, vol. 87, pp. 205-12.  
_assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0) X. J. Liu, R. Kainuma, C. P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Mn systems, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 1641-1654 (2004).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z) Wojciech Gierlotka, Thermodynamic Description of the Quaternary Ag-Cu-In-Sn System, Journal of Elec Materi 41, 86-108 (2012).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z) Katsunari Oikawa, Nobufumi Ueshima, Thermodynamic Reassessment of the Binary Cu-Sn, Cu-P, and Sn-P and Ternary Cu-Sn-P Systems, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 45, 547-566 (2024).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) Jiang Wang, Chunlei Liu, Christian Leinenbach, Ulrich E. Klotz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Jörg F. Löffler, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Sn–Ti ternary system, Calphad 35, 82-94 (2011).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041) H.Q. Dong, V. Vuorinen, X.M. Tao, T. Laurila, M. Paulasto-Kröckel, Thermodynamic reassessment of Au–Cu–Sn ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 588, 449-460 (2014).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## BCC_4SL (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:bcc-4sl`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_blocked_by:order_disorder_ambiguity; order_disorder_ambiguity:CuSn-13Li.tdb_model_is_partitioned; order_disorder_ambiguity:CuSn-14Don.tdb_model_is_partitioned; order_disorder_ambiguity:CuSn-24Oik.tdb_model_is_partitioned; sgte_mmc2_row_disagrees_with_name:BCC_4SL; unrecognised_name_tokens:4SL
- Candidate (literature_printed): BiF3 · cF16 — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (name_token): W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229) — Strukturbericht/word 'A2' in the TDB name
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): BiF3 · D0_3 · cF16 · Fm-3m (225) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for BCC_4SL: AlFe3, Cu3Sn
- Candidate (tdb_comment): CsCl · B2 · cP2, Pm-3m — CuSn-13Li.tdb: 'Prototype CsCl (B2, cP2, Pm-3m), NaTl (B32, cF16, Fd-3m),'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): CsCl · B2 · cP2, Pm-3m — CuSn-14Don.tdb: 'Prototype CsCl (B2, cP2, Pm-3m), NaTl (B32, cF16, Fd-3m),'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): CsCl · B2 · cP2, Pm-3m — CuSn-24Oik.tdb: 'Prototype CsCl (B2, cP2, Pm-3m), NaTl (B32, cF16, Fd-3m),'
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 787.82–1071.43 K, x(Sn) 0.14285–0.30069
- Literature: 20 values (20 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:bcc-4sl)

Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:bcc-4sl  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010:γ  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-13Li.tdb:BCC_4SL, tdb:CuSn-14Don.tdb:BCC_4SL, tdb:CuSn-24Oik.tdb:BCC_4SL  


### TDB models of BCC_4SL (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-13Li.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-13Li.tdb): BCC_4SL, type code %BO, sha256 `89a7eb1b85e0f8ee…`

~~~~text
48: PHASE BCC_4SL %BO 5 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 3 !
49: CONST BCC_4SL : CU% SN : CU% SN : CU% SN : CU SN% : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-14Don.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-14Don.tdb): BCC_4SL, type code %BO, sha256 `a2c384fc82a2fee8…`

~~~~text
44: PHASE BCC_4SL %BO 5 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 3 !
45: CONST BCC_4SL : CU% SN : CU% SN : CU% SN : CU SN% : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-24Oik.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-24Oik.tdb): BCC_4SL, type code %BO, sha256 `2342771d678230e9…`

~~~~text
57: PHASE BCC_4SL %BO 5 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 3 !
58: CONST BCC_4SL : CU% SN : CU% SN : CU% SN : CU SN% : VA : !
~~~~

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010) D. Li, P. Franke, S. Fürtauer, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, The Cu–Sn phase diagram part II: New thermodynamic assessment, Intermetallics 34, 148-158 (2013).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z) Katsunari Oikawa, Nobufumi Ueshima, Thermodynamic Reassessment of the Binary Cu-Sn, Cu-P, and Sn-P and Ternary Cu-Sn-P Systems, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 45, 547-566 (2024).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041) H.Q. Dong, V. Vuorinen, X.M. Tao, T. Laurila, M. Paulasto-Kröckel, Thermodynamic reassessment of Au–Cu–Sn ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 588, 449-460 (2014).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## BCC_A2 (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:bcc-a2`; status `assigned`
- Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type `st:a2-w-ci2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 9 of 9 calculated diagram(s): 793.31–1089.42 K, x(Sn) 0.12402–0.31298
- Literature: 22 values (22 accepted) from 3 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:bcc-a2)

Names (19): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:bcc-a2  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7:Bcc, paper:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7:bcc, paper:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0:β(bcc), paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010:β  
_system_alias: _system_alias:cu-sn:beta  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-02Mie.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:CuSn-04Liu.tdb:A2_BCC, tdb:CuSn-04Liu.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:CuSn-11Wan.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:CuSn-12Gie.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:CuSn-13Li.tdb:A2_BCC, tdb:CuSn-13Li.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:CuSn-14Don.tdb:A2_BCC, tdb:CuSn-14Don.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:CuSn-24Oik.tdb:A2_BCC, tdb:CuSn-24Oik.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb:BCC_A2  


### TDB models of BCC_A2 (13): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-02Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-02Mie.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `dc0d6f926464208c…`

~~~~text
45: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
46: CONST BCC_A2 : CU SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-04Liu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-04Liu.tdb): A2_BCC, type code %B, sha256 `9154daa481117070…`

~~~~text
45: PHASE A2_BCC %B 2 1 3 !
46: CONST A2_BCC : CU SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-04Liu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-04Liu.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `9154daa481117070…`

~~~~text
40: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
41: CONST BCC_A2 : CU SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-11Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-11Wan.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `09295a811fc14647…`

~~~~text
56: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
57: CONST BCC_A2 : CU SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-12Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-12Gie.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `9ef08747a43ce1af…`

~~~~text
34: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
35: CONST BCC_A2 : CU SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-13Li.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-13Li.tdb): A2_BCC, type code %B, sha256 `89a7eb1b85e0f8ee…`

~~~~text
41: PHASE A2_BCC %B 2 1 3 !
42: CONST A2_BCC : CU SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-13Li.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-13Li.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `89a7eb1b85e0f8ee…`

~~~~text
36: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
37: CONST BCC_A2 : CU SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-14Don.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-14Don.tdb): A2_BCC, type code %B, sha256 `a2c384fc82a2fee8…`

~~~~text
37: PHASE A2_BCC %B 2 1 3 !
38: CONST A2_BCC : CU SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-14Don.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-14Don.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `a2c384fc82a2fee8…`

~~~~text
32: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
33: CONST BCC_A2 : CU SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-24Oik.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-24Oik.tdb): A2_BCC, type code %B, sha256 `2342771d678230e9…`

~~~~text
50: PHASE A2_BCC %B 2 1 3 !
51: CONST A2_BCC : CU SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-24Oik.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-24Oik.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `2342771d678230e9…`

~~~~text
45: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
46: CONST BCC_A2 : CU SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `fd6df74d5a112071…`

~~~~text
50: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
51: CONST BCC_A2 : CU SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `7c385a7a27d34e5f…`

~~~~text
51: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
52: CONST BCC_A2 : CU SN : VA : !
~~~~

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7) J. Miettinen, Thermodynamic description of the Cu-Al-Sn system in the copper-rich corner, Metall Mater Trans A 33, 1639-1648 (2002).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010) D. Li, P. Franke, S. Fürtauer, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, The Cu–Sn phase diagram part II: New thermodynamic assessment, Intermetallics 34, 148-158 (2013).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0) X. J. Liu, R. Kainuma, C. P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Mn systems, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 1641-1654 (2004).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee, and D.N. Lee: Z. Metallkd., 1996, vol. 87, pp. 205-12.  
_assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z) Wojciech Gierlotka, Thermodynamic Description of the Quaternary Ag-Cu-In-Sn System, Journal of Elec Materi 41, 86-108 (2012).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z) Katsunari Oikawa, Nobufumi Ueshima, Thermodynamic Reassessment of the Binary Cu-Sn, Cu-P, and Sn-P and Ternary Cu-Sn-P Systems, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 45, 547-566 (2024).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) Jiang Wang, Chunlei Liu, Christian Leinenbach, Ulrich E. Klotz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Jörg F. Löffler, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Sn–Ti ternary system, Calphad 35, 82-94 (2011).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041) H.Q. Dong, V. Vuorinen, X.M. Tao, T. Laurila, M. Paulasto-Kröckel, Thermodynamic reassessment of Au–Cu–Sn ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 588, 449-460 (2014).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## B2_BCC (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:bcc-b2`; status `assigned`
- Structure: CsCl · B2 · cP2 · Pm-3m (221); type `st:b2-cscl-cp2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Caveat: CuSn-04Liu.tdb: ordered phase with disordered part A2_BCC (order/disorder model)
- Caveat: partitioned order/disorder model in CuSn-04Liu.tdb also describes the disordered state
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 846.04–1040 K, x(Sn) 0.15409–0.23704
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:bcc-b2)

Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:bcc-b2  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-04Liu.tdb:B2_BCC  


### TDB models of B2_BCC (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-04Liu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-04Liu.tdb): B2_BCC, type code %BO, sha256 `9154daa481117070…`

~~~~text
50: PHASE B2_BCC %BO 3 0.5 0.5 3 !
51: CONST B2_BCC : CU% SN : CU SN% : VA : !
~~~~

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0) X. J. Liu, R. Kainuma, C. P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Mn systems, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 1641-1654 (2004).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## CU10SN3 (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:cu10sn3`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_blocked_by:models_disagree_on_composition; models_disagree_on_composition; no_structure_token
- Candidate (literature_printed): Cu10Sn3 · hP26 — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): Cu10Sn3 · hP26 · P6_3 (173) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for CU10SN3: Cu10Sn3
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu10Sn3 · hP26 · P6_3 — CuSn-02Mie.tdb: 'Prototype Cu10Sn3 (hP26, P6_3), zeta'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu10Sn3 · hP26 · P6_3 — CuSn-04Liu.tdb: 'Prototype Cu10Sn3 (hP26, P6_3), zeta'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu10Sn3 · hP26 · P6_3 — CuSn-11Wan.tdb: 'Prototype Cu10Sn3 (hP26, P6_3)'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu10Sn3 · hP26 · P6_3 — CuSn-12Gie.tdb: 'Prototype Cu10Sn3 (hP26, P6_3), zheta'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu10Sn3 · hP26 · P6_3 — CuSn-13Li.tdb: 'Prototype Cu10Sn3 (hP26, P6_3), zeta'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu10Sn3 · hP26 · P6_3 — CuSn-14Don.tdb: 'Prototype Cu10Sn3 (hP26, P6_3), zeta'
- Stability: stable in 9 of 9 calculated diagram(s): 783.21–953.8 K, x(Sn) 0.23077–0.231
- Literature: 18 values (18 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:cu10sn3)

Names (12): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:cu10sn3  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7:ζ, paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010:ζ  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-02Mie.tdb:CU10SN3, tdb:CuSn-04Liu.tdb:CU10SN3, tdb:CuSn-11Wan.tdb:CU10SN3, tdb:CuSn-12Gie.tdb:CU10SN3, tdb:CuSn-13Li.tdb:CU10SN3, tdb:CuSn-14Don.tdb:CU10SN3, tdb:CuSn-24Oik.tdb:CU10SN3, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb:CU10SN3, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb:CU10SN3  


### TDB models of CU10SN3 (9): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-02Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-02Mie.tdb): CU10SN3, type code %, sha256 `dc0d6f926464208c…`

~~~~text
75: PHASE CU10SN3 % 2 0.769 0.231 !
76: CONST CU10SN3 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-04Liu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-04Liu.tdb): CU10SN3, type code %, sha256 `9154daa481117070…`

~~~~text
75: PHASE CU10SN3 % 2 0.769 0.231 !
76: CONST CU10SN3 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-11Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-11Wan.tdb): CU10SN3, type code %, sha256 `09295a811fc14647…`

~~~~text
81: PHASE CU10SN3 % 2 10 3 !
82: CONST CU10SN3 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-12Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-12Gie.tdb): CU10SN3, type code %, sha256 `9ef08747a43ce1af…`

~~~~text
59: PHASE CU10SN3 % 2 10 3 !
60: CONST CU10SN3 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-13Li.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-13Li.tdb): CU10SN3, type code %, sha256 `89a7eb1b85e0f8ee…`

~~~~text
73: PHASE CU10SN3 % 2 0.769 0.231 !
74: CONST CU10SN3 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-14Don.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-14Don.tdb): CU10SN3, type code %, sha256 `a2c384fc82a2fee8…`

~~~~text
69: PHASE CU10SN3 % 2 0.769 0.231 !
70: CONST CU10SN3 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-24Oik.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-24Oik.tdb): CU10SN3, type code %, sha256 `2342771d678230e9…`

~~~~text
82: PHASE CU10SN3 % 2 0.769 0.231 !
83: CONST CU10SN3 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb): CU10SN3, type code %, sha256 `fd6df74d5a112071…`

~~~~text
75: PHASE CU10SN3 % 2 0.769 0.231 !
76: CONST CU10SN3 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb): CU10SN3, type code %, sha256 `7c385a7a27d34e5f…`

~~~~text
76: PHASE CU10SN3 % 2 0.769 0.231 !
77: CONST CU10SN3 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7) J. Miettinen, Thermodynamic description of the Cu-Al-Sn system in the copper-rich corner, Metall Mater Trans A 33, 1639-1648 (2002).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010) D. Li, P. Franke, S. Fürtauer, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, The Cu–Sn phase diagram part II: New thermodynamic assessment, Intermetallics 34, 148-158 (2013).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee, and D.N. Lee: Z. Metallkd., 1996, vol. 87, pp. 205-12.  
_assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0) X. J. Liu, R. Kainuma, C. P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Mn systems, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 1641-1654 (2004).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z) Wojciech Gierlotka, Thermodynamic Description of the Quaternary Ag-Cu-In-Sn System, Journal of Elec Materi 41, 86-108 (2012).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z) Katsunari Oikawa, Nobufumi Ueshima, Thermodynamic Reassessment of the Binary Cu-Sn, Cu-P, and Sn-P and Ternary Cu-Sn-P Systems, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 45, 547-566 (2024).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) Jiang Wang, Chunlei Liu, Christian Leinenbach, Ulrich E. Klotz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Jörg F. Löffler, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Sn–Ti ternary system, Calphad 35, 82-94 (2011).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041) H.Q. Dong, V. Vuorinen, X.M. Tao, T. Laurila, M. Paulasto-Kröckel, Thermodynamic reassessment of Au–Cu–Sn ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 588, 449-460 (2014).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## CU3SN (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:cu3sn`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: no_structure_token; polymorph_family:other phases of this system have the same composition
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu3Sn · oC80 · Cmcm — CuSn-12Gie.tdb: 'Prototype Cu3Sn (oC80, Cmcm), epsilon'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu3Sn · oC80 · Cmcm — CuSn-14Don.tdb: 'Prototype Cu3Sn (oC80, Cmcm), epsilon'
- Stoichiometry: Cu 0.7500, Sn 0.2500
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–960 K, x(Sn) 0.25–0.25
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:cu3sn)

Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:cu3sn  
_system_alias: _system_alias:cu-sn:epsilon  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-12Gie.tdb:CU3SN, tdb:CuSn-14Don.tdb:CU3SN_LT  


### TDB models of CU3SN (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-12Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-12Gie.tdb): CU3SN, type code %, sha256 `9ef08747a43ce1af…`

~~~~text
64: PHASE CU3SN % 2 3 1 !
65: CONST CU3SN : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-14Don.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-14Don.tdb): CU3SN_LT, type code %, sha256 `a2c384fc82a2fee8…`

~~~~text
74: PHASE CU3SN_LT % 2 0.75 0.25 !
75: CONST CU3SN_LT : CU : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z) Wojciech Gierlotka, Thermodynamic Description of the Quaternary Ag-Cu-In-Sn System, Journal of Elec Materi 41, 86-108 (2012).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041) H.Q. Dong, V. Vuorinen, X.M. Tao, T. Laurila, M. Paulasto-Kröckel, Thermodynamic reassessment of Au–Cu–Sn ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 588, 449-460 (2014).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## CU3SN_D03 (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:cu3sn-d03`; status `assigned`
- Structure: BiF3 · D0_3 · cF16 · Fm-3m (225); type `st:d0-3-bif3-cf16`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Caveat: partitioned order/disorder model in CuSn-11Wan.tdb also describes the disordered state
- Caveat: partitioned order/disorder model in CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb also describes the disordered state
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 791.8–1030.43 K, x(Sn) 0.15876–0.28152
- Literature: 21 values (21 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:cu3sn-d03)

Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:cu3sn-d03  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7:γ  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-02Mie.tdb:CU3SN_D03, tdb:CuSn-11Wan.tdb:CU3SN_D03, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb:CU3SN_D03  


### TDB models of CU3SN_D03 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-02Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-02Mie.tdb): CU3SN_D03, type code %, sha256 `dc0d6f926464208c…`

~~~~text
65: PHASE CU3SN_D03 %  1 1 !
66: CONST CU3SN_D03 : CU SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-11Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-11Wan.tdb): CU3SN_D03, type code %, sha256 `09295a811fc14647…`

~~~~text
91: PHASE CU3SN_D03 %  2 3 1 !
92: CONST CU3SN_D03 : CU% SN : CU SN% : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb): CU3SN_D03, type code %, sha256 `fd6df74d5a112071…`

~~~~text
85: PHASE CU3SN_D03 %  2 0.75 0.25 !
86: CONST CU3SN_D03 : CU% SN : CU SN% : !
~~~~

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7) J. Miettinen, Thermodynamic description of the Cu-Al-Sn system in the copper-rich corner, Metall Mater Trans A 33, 1639-1648 (2002).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee, and D.N. Lee: Z. Metallkd., 1996, vol. 87, pp. 205-12.  
_assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) Jiang Wang, Chunlei Liu, Christian Leinenbach, Ulrich E. Klotz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Jörg F. Löffler, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Sn–Ti ternary system, Calphad 35, 82-94 (2011).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## CU3SN_L (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:cu3sn-l`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Cu3Sn · oC80 · Cmcm (63); type `st:cu3sn-oc80`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (name_has_descriptive_tokens:L, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Cu 0.7500, Sn 0.2500
- Stability: stable in 7 of 7 calculated diagram(s): 300–960 K, x(Sn) 0.25–0.25
- Literature: 41 values (41 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:cu3sn-l)

Names (12): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:cu3sn-l  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7:ε, paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010:ε, paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010:ε (Cu3Sn)  
_system_alias: _system_alias:cu-sn:epsilon  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-02Mie.tdb:CU3SN_L, tdb:CuSn-04Liu.tdb:CU3SN_L, tdb:CuSn-11Wan.tdb:CU3SN_L, tdb:CuSn-13Li.tdb:CU3SN_L, tdb:CuSn-24Oik.tdb:CU3SN_L, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb:CU3SN_L, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb:CU3SN_L  


### TDB models of CU3SN_L (7): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-02Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-02Mie.tdb): CU3SN_L, type code %, sha256 `dc0d6f926464208c…`

~~~~text
80: PHASE CU3SN_L % 2 0.75 0.25 !
81: CONST CU3SN_L : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-04Liu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-04Liu.tdb): CU3SN_L, type code %, sha256 `9154daa481117070…`

~~~~text
80: PHASE CU3SN_L % 2 0.75 0.25 !
81: CONST CU3SN_L : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-11Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-11Wan.tdb): CU3SN_L, type code %, sha256 `09295a811fc14647…`

~~~~text
86: PHASE CU3SN_L % 2 3 1 !
87: CONST CU3SN_L : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-13Li.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-13Li.tdb): CU3SN_L, type code %, sha256 `89a7eb1b85e0f8ee…`

~~~~text
78: PHASE CU3SN_L % 2 0.75 0.25 !
79: CONST CU3SN_L : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-24Oik.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-24Oik.tdb): CU3SN_L, type code %, sha256 `2342771d678230e9…`

~~~~text
87: PHASE CU3SN_L % 2 0.75 0.25 !
88: CONST CU3SN_L : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb): CU3SN_L, type code %, sha256 `fd6df74d5a112071…`

~~~~text
80: PHASE CU3SN_L % 2 0.75 0.25 !
81: CONST CU3SN_L : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb): CU3SN_L, type code %, sha256 `7c385a7a27d34e5f…`

~~~~text
81: PHASE CU3SN_L % 2 0.75 0.25 !
82: CONST CU3SN_L : CU : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (9 of 9; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010) D. Li, P. Franke, S. Fürtauer, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, The Cu–Sn phase diagram part II: New thermodynamic assessment, Intermetallics 34, 148-158 (2013).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7) J. Miettinen, Thermodynamic description of the Cu-Al-Sn system in the copper-rich corner, Metall Mater Trans A 33, 1639-1648 (2002).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee, and D.N. Lee: Z. Metallkd., 1996, vol. 87, pp. 205-12.  
_assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0) X. J. Liu, R. Kainuma, C. P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Mn systems, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 1641-1654 (2004).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z) Katsunari Oikawa, Nobufumi Ueshima, Thermodynamic Reassessment of the Binary Cu-Sn, Cu-P, and Sn-P and Ternary Cu-Sn-P Systems, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 45, 547-566 (2024).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) Jiang Wang, Chunlei Liu, Christian Leinenbach, Ulrich E. Klotz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Jörg F. Löffler, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Sn–Ti ternary system, Calphad 35, 82-94 (2011).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/zaac.19241340104](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19241340104) Wilhlem Biltz, Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre XXVIII. Über die Bildungswärmen intermetallischer verbindungen V. Kobalt‐ Aluminiumlegierunge n; Kupferlegierungen, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 134, 25-36 (1924).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.tca.2007.04.004](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2007.04.004) H. Flandorfer, U. Saeed, C. Luef, A. Sabbar, H. Ipser, Interfaces in lead-free solder alloys: Enthalpy of formation of binary Ag–Sn, Cu–Sn and Ni–Sn intermetallic compounds, Thermochimica Acta 459, 34-39 (2007).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1021/j150541a003](https://doi.org/10.1021/j150541a003) O. J. Kleppa, A Calorimetric Investigation of Some Binary and Ternary Liquid Alloys Rich in Tin, J. Phys. Chem. 60, 842-846 (1956).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## CU41SN11 (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:cu41sn11`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_blocked_by:models_disagree_on_composition; models_disagree_on_composition; no_structure_token
- Candidate (literature_printed): Cu41Sn11 · cF416 — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): Cu41Sn11 · cF416 · F-43m (216) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for CU41SN11: Cu41Sn11
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu41Sn11 · cF416 · F-43m — CuSn-02Mie.tdb: 'Prototype Cu41Sn11 (cF416, F-43m), delta'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu41Sn11 · cF416 · F-43m — CuSn-04Liu.tdb: 'Prototype Cu41Sn11 (cF416, F-43m), delta'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu41Sn11 · cF416 · F-43m — CuSn-11Wan.tdb: 'Prototype Cu41Sn11 (cF416, F-43m)'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu41Sn11 · cF416 · F-43m — CuSn-12Gie.tdb: 'Prototype Cu41Sn11 (cF416, F-43m), delta'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu41Sn11 · cF416 · F-43m — CuSn-13Li.tdb: 'Prototype Cu41Sn11 (cF416, F-43m), delta'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu41Sn11 · cF416 · F-43m — CuSn-14Don.tdb: 'Prototype Cu41Sn11 (cF416, F-43m), delta'
- Stability: stable in 9 of 9 calculated diagram(s): 545.12–900 K, x(Sn) 0.21154–0.212
- Literature: 24 values (24 accepted) from 3 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:cu41sn11)

Names (13): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:cu41sn11  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7:δ, paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010:δ, paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041:Cu41Sn11  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-02Mie.tdb:CU41SN11, tdb:CuSn-04Liu.tdb:CU41SN11, tdb:CuSn-11Wan.tdb:CU41SN11, tdb:CuSn-12Gie.tdb:CU41SN11, tdb:CuSn-13Li.tdb:CU41SN11, tdb:CuSn-14Don.tdb:CU41SN11, tdb:CuSn-24Oik.tdb:CU41SN11, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb:CU41SN11, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb:CU41SN11  


### TDB models of CU41SN11 (9): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-02Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-02Mie.tdb): CU41SN11, type code %, sha256 `dc0d6f926464208c…`

~~~~text
70: PHASE CU41SN11 %  2 0.788 0.212 !
71: CONST CU41SN11 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-04Liu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-04Liu.tdb): CU41SN11, type code %, sha256 `9154daa481117070…`

~~~~text
70: PHASE CU41SN11 %  2 0.788 0.212 !
71: CONST CU41SN11 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-11Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-11Wan.tdb): CU41SN11, type code %, sha256 `09295a811fc14647…`

~~~~text
76: PHASE CU41SN11 %  2 41 11 !
77: CONST CU41SN11 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-12Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-12Gie.tdb): CU41SN11, type code %, sha256 `9ef08747a43ce1af…`

~~~~text
54: PHASE CU41SN11 %  2 41 11 !
55: CONST CU41SN11 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-13Li.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-13Li.tdb): CU41SN11, type code %, sha256 `89a7eb1b85e0f8ee…`

~~~~text
68: PHASE CU41SN11 %  2 0.788 0.212 !
69: CONST CU41SN11 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-14Don.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-14Don.tdb): CU41SN11, type code %, sha256 `a2c384fc82a2fee8…`

~~~~text
64: PHASE CU41SN11 %  2 0.788 0.212 !
65: CONST CU41SN11 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-24Oik.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-24Oik.tdb): CU41SN11, type code %, sha256 `2342771d678230e9…`

~~~~text
77: PHASE CU41SN11 %  2 0.788 0.212 !
78: CONST CU41SN11 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb): CU41SN11, type code %, sha256 `fd6df74d5a112071…`

~~~~text
70: PHASE CU41SN11 %  2 0.788 0.212 !
71: CONST CU41SN11 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb): CU41SN11, type code %, sha256 `7c385a7a27d34e5f…`

~~~~text
71: PHASE CU41SN11 %  2 0.788 0.212 !
72: CONST CU41SN11 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7) J. Miettinen, Thermodynamic description of the Cu-Al-Sn system in the copper-rich corner, Metall Mater Trans A 33, 1639-1648 (2002).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010) D. Li, P. Franke, S. Fürtauer, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, The Cu–Sn phase diagram part II: New thermodynamic assessment, Intermetallics 34, 148-158 (2013).  
_assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee, and D.N. Lee: Z. Metallkd., 1996, vol. 87, pp. 205-12.  
_assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041) H.Q. Dong, V. Vuorinen, X.M. Tao, T. Laurila, M. Paulasto-Kröckel, Thermodynamic reassessment of Au–Cu–Sn ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 588, 449-460 (2014).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0) X. J. Liu, R. Kainuma, C. P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Mn systems, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 1641-1654 (2004).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z) Wojciech Gierlotka, Thermodynamic Description of the Quaternary Ag-Cu-In-Sn System, Journal of Elec Materi 41, 86-108 (2012).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z) Katsunari Oikawa, Nobufumi Ueshima, Thermodynamic Reassessment of the Binary Cu-Sn, Cu-P, and Sn-P and Ternary Cu-Sn-P Systems, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 45, 547-566 (2024).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) Jiang Wang, Chunlei Liu, Christian Leinenbach, Ulrich E. Klotz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Jörg F. Löffler, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Sn–Ti ternary system, Calphad 35, 82-94 (2011).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## CU6SN5 (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:cu6sn5`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: no_structure_token; off_stoichiometric_model
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu6Sn5 · mC44 · C2/c — CuSn-12Gie.tdb: 'Prototype Cu6Sn5 (mC44, C2/c) and/or Cu5Sn4 (mP36, P2_1/c and/or mC54, C2)'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): NiAs · hP4 · P6_3/mmc — CuSn-12Gie.tdb: 'Prototype NiAs (hP4, P6_3/mmc), Also h-Cu5Sn4, high T'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu6Sn5 · mC44 · C2/c — CuSn-14Don.tdb: 'Prototype Cu6Sn5 (mC44, C2/c) and/or Cu5Sn4 (mP36, P2_1/c and/or mC54, C2)'
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–689.63 K, x(Sn) 0.45316–0.4666
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:cu6sn5)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:cu6sn5  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-12Gie.tdb:CU6SN5, tdb:CuSn-14Don.tdb:CU6SN5_LT  


### TDB models of CU6SN5 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-12Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-12Gie.tdb): CU6SN5, type code %, sha256 `9ef08747a43ce1af…`

~~~~text
71: PHASE CU6SN5 %  3 0.545 0.122 0.333 !
72: CONST CU6SN5 : CU : CU SN : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-14Don.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-14Don.tdb): CU6SN5_LT, type code %, sha256 `a2c384fc82a2fee8…`

~~~~text
80: PHASE CU6SN5_LT %  3 1 1 1 !
81: CONST CU6SN5_LT : CU : CU VA : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z) Wojciech Gierlotka, Thermodynamic Description of the Quaternary Ag-Cu-In-Sn System, Journal of Elec Materi 41, 86-108 (2012).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041) H.Q. Dong, V. Vuorinen, X.M. Tao, T. Laurila, M. Paulasto-Kröckel, Thermodynamic reassessment of Au–Cu–Sn ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 588, 449-460 (2014).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## CU6SN5_B81 (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:cu6sn5-b81`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_blocked_by:models_disagree_on_composition; models_disagree_on_composition; stoichiometry_contradicts_B8_1:CuSn-02Mie.tdb; stoichiometry_contradicts_B8_1:CuSn-04Liu.tdb; stoichiometry_contradicts_B8_1:CuSn-11Wan.tdb
- Candidate (literature_printed): NiAs · hP4 — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (name_token): NiAs · B8_1 · hP4 · P6_3/mmc (194) — Strukturbericht/word 'B81' in the TDB name
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): NiAs · B8_1 · hP4 · P6_3/mmc (194) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for CU6SN5_B81: Cu6Sn5 (or h-Cu5Sn4)
- Candidate (tdb_comment): NiAs · hP4 · P6_3/mmc — CuSn-02Mie.tdb: 'Prototype NiAs (hP4, P6_3/mmc), Also h-Cu5Sn4'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): NiAs · hP4 · P6_3/mmc — CuSn-04Liu.tdb: 'Prototype NiAs (hP4, P6_3/mmc), Also h-Cu5Sn4, eta'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): NiAs · hP4 · P6_3/mmc — CuSn-11Wan.tdb: 'Prototype NiAs (hP4, P6_3/mmc), Also h-Cu5Sn4'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): NiAs · hP4 · P6_3/mmc — CuSn-13Li.tdb: 'Prototype NiAs (hP4, P6_3/mmc), Also h-Cu5Sn4, eta'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): NiAs · hP4 · P6_3/mmc — CuSn-14Don.tdb: 'Prototype NiAs (hP4, P6_3/mmc), Also h-Cu5Sn4, eta'
- Stability: stable in 8 of 8 calculated diagram(s): 457.14–700.05 K, x(Sn) 0.4488–0.4609
- Literature: 15 values (15 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:cu6sn5-b81)

Names (11): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:cu6sn5-b81  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7:η, paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010:η  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-02Mie.tdb:CU6SN5_B81, tdb:CuSn-04Liu.tdb:CU6SN5_B81, tdb:CuSn-11Wan.tdb:CU6SN5_B81, tdb:CuSn-13Li.tdb:CU6SN5_B81, tdb:CuSn-14Don.tdb:CU6SN5_B81, tdb:CuSn-24Oik.tdb:CU6SN5_B81, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb:CU6SN5_B81, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb:CU6SN5_B81  


### TDB models of CU6SN5_B81 (8): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-02Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-02Mie.tdb): CU6SN5_B81, type code %, sha256 `dc0d6f926464208c…`

~~~~text
90: PHASE CU6SN5_B81 %  2 0.545 0.455 !
91: CONST CU6SN5_B81 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-04Liu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-04Liu.tdb): CU6SN5_B81, type code %, sha256 `9154daa481117070…`

~~~~text
91: PHASE CU6SN5_B81 % 2 0.545 0.455 !
92: CONST CU6SN5_B81 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-11Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-11Wan.tdb): CU6SN5_B81, type code %, sha256 `09295a811fc14647…`

~~~~text
101: PHASE CU6SN5_B81 %  2 6 5 !
102: CONST CU6SN5_B81 : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-13Li.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-13Li.tdb): CU6SN5_B81, type code %, sha256 `89a7eb1b85e0f8ee…`

~~~~text
90: PHASE CU6SN5_B81 %  3 0.545 0.122 0.333 !
91: CONST CU6SN5_B81 : CU : CU SN : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-14Don.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-14Don.tdb): CU6SN5_B81, type code %, sha256 `a2c384fc82a2fee8…`

~~~~text
85: PHASE CU6SN5_B81 %  3 1 1 1 !
86: CONST CU6SN5_B81 : CU : CU VA : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-24Oik.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-24Oik.tdb): CU6SN5_B81, type code %, sha256 `2342771d678230e9…`

~~~~text
99: PHASE CU6SN5_B81 %  3 0.545 0.122 0.333 !
100: CONST CU6SN5_B81 : CU : CU SN : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb): CU6SN5_B81, type code %, sha256 `fd6df74d5a112071…`

~~~~text
100: PHASE CU6SN5_B81 %  3 1 1 1 !
101: CONST CU6SN5_B81 : CU : CU VA : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb): CU6SN5_B81, type code %, sha256 `7c385a7a27d34e5f…`

~~~~text
105: PHASE CU6SN5_B81 %  3 0.545 0.122 0.333 !
106: CONST CU6SN5_B81 : CU : CU SN : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010) D. Li, P. Franke, S. Fürtauer, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, The Cu–Sn phase diagram part II: New thermodynamic assessment, Intermetallics 34, 148-158 (2013).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7) J. Miettinen, Thermodynamic description of the Cu-Al-Sn system in the copper-rich corner, Metall Mater Trans A 33, 1639-1648 (2002).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee, and D.N. Lee: Z. Metallkd., 1996, vol. 87, pp. 205-12.  
_assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0) X. J. Liu, R. Kainuma, C. P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Mn systems, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 1641-1654 (2004).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z) Katsunari Oikawa, Nobufumi Ueshima, Thermodynamic Reassessment of the Binary Cu-Sn, Cu-P, and Sn-P and Ternary Cu-Sn-P Systems, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 45, 547-566 (2024).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) Jiang Wang, Chunlei Liu, Christian Leinenbach, Ulrich E. Klotz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Jörg F. Löffler, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Sn–Ti ternary system, Calphad 35, 82-94 (2011).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041) H.Q. Dong, V. Vuorinen, X.M. Tao, T. Laurila, M. Paulasto-Kröckel, Thermodynamic reassessment of Au–Cu–Sn ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 588, 449-460 (2014).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## CU6SN5_L (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:cu6sn5-l`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: models_disagree_on_composition; name_has_descriptive_tokens:L; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_rows_disagree
- Candidate (literature_printed): Cu5Sn4 · mP36 — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): Cu5Sn4 · mC54 · C2 (5) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for CU6SN5_L: Cu6Sn5 (or Cu5Sn4)
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): Cu5Sn4 · mP36 · P2_1/c (14) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for CU6SN5_L: Cu6Sn5 (or Cu5Sn4)
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): Cu6Sn5 · mC44 · C2/c (15) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for CU6SN5_L: Cu6Sn5 (or Cu5Sn4)
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): Cu6Sn5 · mC54 · C2 (5) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for CU6SN5_L: Cu6Sn5 (or Cu5Sn4)
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): Cu6Sn5 · mP36 · P2_1/c (14) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for CU6SN5_L: Cu6Sn5 (or Cu5Sn4)
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu6Sn5 · mC44 · C2/c — CuSn-02Mie.tdb: 'Prototype Cu6Sn5 (mC44, C2/c) and/or Cu5Sn4 (mP36, P2_1/c and/or mC54, C2)'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu6Sn5 · mC44 · C2/c — CuSn-04Liu.tdb: 'Prototype Cu6Sn5 (mC44, C2/c) and/or Cu5Sn4 (mP36, P2_1/c and/or mC54, C2)'
- Stability: stable in 7 of 7 calculated diagram(s): 300–470.74 K, x(Sn) 0.45421–0.455
- Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:cu6sn5-l)

Names (9): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:cu6sn5-l  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010:η'  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-02Mie.tdb:CU6SN5_L, tdb:CuSn-04Liu.tdb:CU6SN5_L, tdb:CuSn-11Wan.tdb:CU6SN5_L, tdb:CuSn-13Li.tdb:CU6SN5_L, tdb:CuSn-24Oik.tdb:CU6SN5_L, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb:CU6SN5_L, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb:CU6SN5_L  


### TDB models of CU6SN5_L (7): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-02Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-02Mie.tdb): CU6SN5_L, type code %, sha256 `dc0d6f926464208c…`

~~~~text
85: PHASE CU6SN5_L %  2 0.545 0.455 !
86: CONST CU6SN5_L : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-04Liu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-04Liu.tdb): CU6SN5_L, type code %, sha256 `9154daa481117070…`

~~~~text
86: PHASE CU6SN5_L % 2 0.545 0.455 !
87: CONST CU6SN5_L : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-11Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-11Wan.tdb): CU6SN5_L, type code %, sha256 `09295a811fc14647…`

~~~~text
96: PHASE CU6SN5_L %  2 6 5 !
97: CONST CU6SN5_L : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-13Li.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-13Li.tdb): CU6SN5_L, type code %, sha256 `89a7eb1b85e0f8ee…`

~~~~text
84: PHASE CU6SN5_L %  2 0.545 0.455 !
85: CONST CU6SN5_L : CU : CU SN% : !
~~~~

[CuSn-24Oik.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-24Oik.tdb): CU6SN5_L, type code %, sha256 `2342771d678230e9…`

~~~~text
93: PHASE CU6SN5_L %  2 0.545 0.455 !
94: CONST CU6SN5_L : CU : CU SN% : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb): CU6SN5_L, type code %, sha256 `fd6df74d5a112071…`

~~~~text
90: PHASE CU6SN5_L %  2 0.545 0.455 !
91: CONST CU6SN5_L : CU : SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb): CU6SN5_L, type code %, sha256 `7c385a7a27d34e5f…`

~~~~text
91: PHASE CU6SN5_L %  2 0.545 0.455 !
92: CONST CU6SN5_L : CU : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010) D. Li, P. Franke, S. Fürtauer, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, The Cu–Sn phase diagram part II: New thermodynamic assessment, Intermetallics 34, 148-158 (2013).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7) J. Miettinen, Thermodynamic description of the Cu-Al-Sn system in the copper-rich corner, Metall Mater Trans A 33, 1639-1648 (2002).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0) X. J. Liu, R. Kainuma, C. P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Mn systems, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 1641-1654 (2004).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z) Katsunari Oikawa, Nobufumi Ueshima, Thermodynamic Reassessment of the Binary Cu-Sn, Cu-P, and Sn-P and Ternary Cu-Sn-P Systems, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 45, 547-566 (2024).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) Jiang Wang, Chunlei Liu, Christian Leinenbach, Ulrich E. Klotz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Jörg F. Löffler, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Sn–Ti ternary system, Calphad 35, 82-94 (2011).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee, and D.N. Lee: Z. Metallkd., 1996, vol. 87, pp. 205-12.  
_assessment that models this phase_

## FCC_A1 (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:fcc-a1`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type `st:a1-cu-cf4`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 9 of 9 calculated diagram(s): 300–1917.68 K, x(Sn) 0–0.47926
- Literature: 23 values (23 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:fcc-a1)

Names (13): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:fcc-a1  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7:Fcc, paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010:α  
_system_alias: _system_alias:cu-sn:alpha  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-02Mie.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:CuSn-04Liu.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:CuSn-11Wan.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:CuSn-12Gie.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:CuSn-13Li.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:CuSn-14Don.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:CuSn-24Oik.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb:FCC_A1  


### TDB models of FCC_A1 (9): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-02Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-02Mie.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `dc0d6f926464208c…`

~~~~text
40: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
41: CONST FCC_A1 : CU% SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-04Liu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-04Liu.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `9154daa481117070…`

~~~~text
35: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
36: CONST FCC_A1 : CU% SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-11Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-11Wan.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `09295a811fc14647…`

~~~~text
51: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
52: CONST FCC_A1 : CU% SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-12Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-12Gie.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `9ef08747a43ce1af…`

~~~~text
29: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
30: CONST FCC_A1 : CU% SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-13Li.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-13Li.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `89a7eb1b85e0f8ee…`

~~~~text
31: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
32: CONST FCC_A1 : CU% SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-14Don.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-14Don.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `a2c384fc82a2fee8…`

~~~~text
27: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
28: CONST FCC_A1 : CU% SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-24Oik.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-24Oik.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `2342771d678230e9…`

~~~~text
40: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
41: CONST FCC_A1 : CU% SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `fd6df74d5a112071…`

~~~~text
45: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
46: CONST FCC_A1 : CU% SN : VA : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `7c385a7a27d34e5f…`

~~~~text
46: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
47: CONST FCC_A1 : CU% SN : VA : !
~~~~

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7) J. Miettinen, Thermodynamic description of the Cu-Al-Sn system in the copper-rich corner, Metall Mater Trans A 33, 1639-1648 (2002).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010) D. Li, P. Franke, S. Fürtauer, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, The Cu–Sn phase diagram part II: New thermodynamic assessment, Intermetallics 34, 148-158 (2013).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee, and D.N. Lee: Z. Metallkd., 1996, vol. 87, pp. 205-12.  
_assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0) X. J. Liu, R. Kainuma, C. P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Mn systems, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 1641-1654 (2004).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z) Wojciech Gierlotka, Thermodynamic Description of the Quaternary Ag-Cu-In-Sn System, Journal of Elec Materi 41, 86-108 (2012).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z) Katsunari Oikawa, Nobufumi Ueshima, Thermodynamic Reassessment of the Binary Cu-Sn, Cu-P, and Sn-P and Ternary Cu-Sn-P Systems, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 45, 547-566 (2024).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) Jiang Wang, Chunlei Liu, Christian Leinenbach, Ulrich E. Klotz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Jörg F. Löffler, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Sn–Ti ternary system, Calphad 35, 82-94 (2011).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041) H.Q. Dong, V. Vuorinen, X.M. Tao, T. Laurila, M. Paulasto-Kröckel, Thermodynamic reassessment of Au–Cu–Sn ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 588, 449-460 (2014).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## HCP_A3 (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:hcp-a3`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type `st:a3-mg-hp2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: not stable in 9 calculated diagram(s)
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:hcp-a3)

Names (10): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:hcp-a3  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-02Mie.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:CuSn-04Liu.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:CuSn-11Wan.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:CuSn-12Gie.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:CuSn-13Li.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:CuSn-14Don.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:CuSn-24Oik.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb:HCP_A3  


### TDB models of HCP_A3 (9): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-02Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-02Mie.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `dc0d6f926464208c…`

~~~~text
50: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
51: CONST HCP_A3 : CU SN : VA: !
~~~~

[CuSn-04Liu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-04Liu.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `9154daa481117070…`

~~~~text
55: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
56: CONST HCP_A3 : CU SN : VA: !
~~~~

[CuSn-11Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-11Wan.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `09295a811fc14647…`

~~~~text
61: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
62: CONST HCP_A3 : CU SN : VA: !
~~~~

[CuSn-12Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-12Gie.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `9ef08747a43ce1af…`

~~~~text
39: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
40: CONST HCP_A3 : CU SN : VA: !
~~~~

[CuSn-13Li.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-13Li.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `89a7eb1b85e0f8ee…`

~~~~text
53: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
54: CONST HCP_A3 : CU SN : VA: !
~~~~

[CuSn-14Don.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-14Don.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `a2c384fc82a2fee8…`

~~~~text
49: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
50: CONST HCP_A3 : CU SN : VA: !
~~~~

[CuSn-24Oik.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-24Oik.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `2342771d678230e9…`

~~~~text
62: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
63: CONST HCP_A3 : CU SN : VA: !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `fd6df74d5a112071…`

~~~~text
55: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
56: CONST HCP_A3 : CU SN : VA: !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `7c385a7a27d34e5f…`

~~~~text
56: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
57: CONST HCP_A3 : CU SN : VA: !
~~~~

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7) J. Miettinen, Thermodynamic description of the Cu-Al-Sn system in the copper-rich corner, Metall Mater Trans A 33, 1639-1648 (2002).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0) X. J. Liu, R. Kainuma, C. P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Mn systems, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 1641-1654 (2004).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z) Wojciech Gierlotka, Thermodynamic Description of the Quaternary Ag-Cu-In-Sn System, Journal of Elec Materi 41, 86-108 (2012).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z) Katsunari Oikawa, Nobufumi Ueshima, Thermodynamic Reassessment of the Binary Cu-Sn, Cu-P, and Sn-P and Ternary Cu-Sn-P Systems, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 45, 547-566 (2024).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) Jiang Wang, Chunlei Liu, Christian Leinenbach, Ulrich E. Klotz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Jörg F. Löffler, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Sn–Ti ternary system, Calphad 35, 82-94 (2011).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010) D. Li, P. Franke, S. Fürtauer, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, The Cu–Sn phase diagram part II: New thermodynamic assessment, Intermetallics 34, 148-158 (2013).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041) H.Q. Dong, V. Vuorinen, X.M. Tao, T. Laurila, M. Paulasto-Kröckel, Thermodynamic reassessment of Au–Cu–Sn ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 588, 449-460 (2014).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee, and D.N. Lee: Z. Metallkd., 1996, vol. 87, pp. 205-12.  
_assessment that models this phase_

## LIQUID (Cu–Sn)

- Id: `phase:cu-sn:liquid`; status `assigned`
- Structure: liquid; type `st:liquid`; liquid; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 9 of 9 calculated diagram(s): 497.6–2500 K, x(Sn) 0–1
- Literature: 31 values (31 accepted) from 3 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:cu-sn:liquid)

Names (13): _corpus: _corpus:phase:cu-sn:liquid  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7:L, paper:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0:Liquid, paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010:L  
_tdb: _tdb:CuSn-02Mie.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:CuSn-04Liu.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:CuSn-11Wan.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:CuSn-12Gie.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:CuSn-13Li.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:CuSn-14Don.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:CuSn-24Oik.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb:LIQUID  


### TDB models of LIQUID (9): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[CuSn-02Mie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-02Mie.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `dc0d6f926464208c…`

~~~~text
35: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
36: CONST LIQUID:L : CU SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-04Liu.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-04Liu.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `9154daa481117070…`

~~~~text
30: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
31: CONST LIQUID:L : CU SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-11Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-11Wan.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `09295a811fc14647…`

~~~~text
46: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
47: CONST LIQUID:L : CU SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-12Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-12Gie.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `9ef08747a43ce1af…`

~~~~text
24: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
25: CONST LIQUID:L : CU SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-13Li.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-13Li.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `89a7eb1b85e0f8ee…`

~~~~text
26: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
27: CONST LIQUID:L : CU SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-14Don.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-14Don.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `a2c384fc82a2fee8…`

~~~~text
22: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
23: CONST LIQUID:L : CU SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-24Oik.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-24Oik.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `2342771d678230e9…`

~~~~text
35: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
36: CONST LIQUID:L : CU CU3SN SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `fd6df74d5a112071…`

~~~~text
40: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
41: CONST LIQUID:L : CU SN : !
~~~~

[CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `7c385a7a27d34e5f…`

~~~~text
41: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
42: CONST LIQUID:L : CU SN : !
~~~~

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7) J. Miettinen, Thermodynamic description of the Cu-Al-Sn system in the copper-rich corner, Metall Mater Trans A 33, 1639-1648 (2002).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010) D. Li, P. Franke, S. Fürtauer, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, The Cu–Sn phase diagram part II: New thermodynamic assessment, Intermetallics 34, 148-158 (2013).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee, and D.N. Lee: Z. Metallkd., 1996, vol. 87, pp. 205-12.  
_assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0) X. J. Liu, R. Kainuma, C. P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Mn systems, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 1641-1654 (2004).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z) Wojciech Gierlotka, Thermodynamic Description of the Quaternary Ag-Cu-In-Sn System, Journal of Elec Materi 41, 86-108 (2012).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z) Katsunari Oikawa, Nobufumi Ueshima, Thermodynamic Reassessment of the Binary Cu-Sn, Cu-P, and Sn-P and Ternary Cu-Sn-P Systems, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 45, 547-566 (2024).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) Jiang Wang, Chunlei Liu, Christian Leinenbach, Ulrich E. Klotz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Jörg F. Löffler, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Sn–Ti ternary system, Calphad 35, 82-94 (2011).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041) H.Q. Dong, V. Vuorinen, X.M. Tao, T. Laurila, M. Paulasto-Kröckel, Thermodynamic reassessment of Au–Cu–Sn ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 588, 449-460 (2014).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite the ORCHID phase registry and the sources named on the page (TDB assessments, Hallstedt 2025, Materials Project, OQMD). TDB statements are quoted as written; parameter expressions are not reproduced. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt).