# Gd–Ge phases

> Gd–Ge system: 14 phases (tier A 6, tier C 1, liquid 1, needs_review 6); 13 stable in a calculated diagram in the ORCHID phase registry, with names, structure type when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules, calculated stability, verbatim TDB PHASE/CONSTITUENT statements and example references.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GD-GE.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GD-GE.md

14 phases (tier A 6, tier C 1, liquid 1, needs_review 6); 13 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: [interactive registry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/?q=GD-GE) · [full JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/systems/GD-GE.json) · [Gd–Ge system page](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GD-GE.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GD-GE.md) · [field reference](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md)

Table: Phases of the Gd–Ge system (14)

| Phase | Structure | Basis | Stability (calculated) | Literature values | TDB models |
|---|---|---|---|---:|---:|
| [DIAMOND_A4](#phase-gd-ge-a4-diamond); _phase:gd-ge:a4-diamond_ | C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1210.81 K, x(Ge) 1–1 | 6 | 1 |
| [BCC_A2](#phase-gd-ge-bcc-a2); _phase:gd-ge:bcc-a2_ | W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1508.16–1583.16 K, x(Ge) 0–0 | 0 | 1 |
| [FCC_A1](#phase-gd-ge-fcc-a1); _phase:gd-ge:fcc-a1_ | Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 1 |
| [GD2GE3_BETA](#phase-gd-ge-gd2ge3-beta); _phase:gd-ge:gd2ge3-beta_ |  | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1106.03–1483.24 K, x(Ge) 0.59–0.59 | 10 | 1 |
| [GD2GE3_C32](#phase-gd-ge-gd2ge3-c32); _phase:gd-ge:gd2ge3-c32_ |  | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1106.03 K, x(Ge) 0.59–0.59 | 4 | 1 |
| [GD2GE3_GAMMA](#phase-gd-ge-gd2ge3-gamma); _phase:gd-ge:gd2ge3-gamma_ |  | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1342.95–1687.12 K, x(Ge) 0.6–0.6 | 6 | 1 |
| [GD2GE5](#phase-gd-ge-gd2ge5); _phase:gd-ge:gd2ge5_ |  | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1122.89–1163.07 K, x(Ge) 0.71989–0.71989 | 6 | 1 |
| [GD3GE5_BETA](#phase-gd-ge-gd3ge5-beta); _phase:gd-ge:gd3ge5-beta_ |  | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 872–1080.44 K, x(Ge) 0.625–0.625 | 0 | 1 |
| [GD3GE5_CC](#phase-gd-ge-gd3ge5-cc); _phase:gd-ge:gd3ge5-cc_ |  | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–872 K, x(Ge) 0.625–0.625 | 0 | 1 |
| [GD5GE3_D88](#phase-gd-ge-gd5ge3-d88); _phase:gd-ge:gd5ge3-d88_ | Mn5Si3 · D8_8 · hP16 · P6_3/mcm (193) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2063.04 K, x(Ge) 0.375–0.375 | 10 | 1 |
| [GD5GE4](#phase-gd-ge-gd5ge4); _phase:gd-ge:gd5ge4_ | Ge4Sm5 · oP36 · Pnma (62) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1962.66 K, x(Ge) 0.44444–0.44444 | 4 | 1 |
| [GDGE_B33](#phase-gd-ge-gdge-b33); _phase:gd-ge:gdge-b33_ | CrB · B33 · oC8 · Cmcm (63) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1843.96 K, x(Ge) 0.5–0.5 | 6 | 1 |
| [HCP_A3](#phase-gd-ge-hcp-a3); _phase:gd-ge:hcp-a3_ | Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1533.16 K, x(Ge) 0–0 | 2 | 1 |
| [LIQUID](#phase-gd-ge-liquid); _phase:gd-ge:liquid_ | liquid | liquid | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1132.59–2500 K, x(Ge) 0–1 | 16 | 1 |

## DIAMOND_A4 (Gd–Ge)

- Id: `phase:gd-ge:a4-diamond`; status `assigned`
- Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type `st:a4-c-diamond-cf8`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stoichiometry: Ge 1.0000
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1210.81 K, x(Ge) 1–1
- Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:gd-ge:a4-diamond)

Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:gd-ge:a4-diamond, corpus:phase:gd-ge:diamond-a4  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105:Ge  
_tdb: _tdb:GdGe-08Che.tdb:DIAMOND_A4  


### TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GdGe-08Che.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdGe-08Che.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `fc48e8e82696745e…`

~~~~text
43: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
44: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : GE : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105) Hai-Lin Chen, Yong Du, Cui-Yun He, Thermodynamic modeling of the gadolinium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462, 181-186 (2008).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf00792035](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00792035) V. N. Eremenko, V. G. Batalin, Yu. I. Buyanov, I. M. Obushenko, Constitution diagram of the gadolinium-germanium system, Powder Metall Met Ceram 19, 104-108 (1980).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## BCC_A2 (Gd–Ge)

- Id: `phase:gd-ge:bcc-a2`; status `assigned`
- Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type `st:a2-w-ci2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1508.16–1583.16 K, x(Ge) 0–0
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:gd-ge:bcc-a2)

Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:gd-ge:bcc-a2  
_tdb: _tdb:GdGe-08Che.tdb:BCC_A2  


### TDB models of BCC_A2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GdGe-08Che.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdGe-08Che.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `fc48e8e82696745e…`

~~~~text
33: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
34: CONST BCC_A2 : GD% GE : VA : !
~~~~

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105) Hai-Lin Chen, Yong Du, Cui-Yun He, Thermodynamic modeling of the gadolinium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462, 181-186 (2008).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## FCC_A1 (Gd–Ge)

- Id: `phase:gd-ge:fcc-a1`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type `st:a1-cu-cf4`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:gd-ge:fcc-a1)

Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:gd-ge:fcc-a1  
_tdb: _tdb:GdGe-08Che.tdb:FCC_A1  


### TDB models of FCC_A1 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GdGe-08Che.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdGe-08Che.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `fc48e8e82696745e…`

~~~~text
28: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
29: CONST FCC_A1 : GD GE : VA : !
~~~~

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105) Hai-Lin Chen, Yong Du, Cui-Yun He, Thermodynamic modeling of the gadolinium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462, 181-186 (2008).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## GD2GE3_BETA (Gd–Ge)

- Id: `phase:gd-ge:gd2ge3-beta`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: no_structure_token; polymorph_family:other phases of this system have the same composition; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
- Candidate (literature_printed): (beta-Gd2Ge3) · ? — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (beta-Gd2Ge3) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GD2GE3_BETA: Gd2Ge3 (beta)
- Stoichiometry: Gd 0.4100, Ge 0.5900
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1106.03–1483.24 K, x(Ge) 0.59–0.59
- Literature: 10 values (10 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:gd-ge:gd2ge3-beta)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:gd-ge:gd2ge3-beta  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105:β-Gd2Ge3  
_tdb: _tdb:GdGe-08Che.tdb:GD2GE3_BETA  


### TDB models of GD2GE3_BETA (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GdGe-08Che.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdGe-08Che.tdb): GD2GE3_BETA, type code %, sha256 `fc48e8e82696745e…`

~~~~text
68: PHASE GD2GE3_BETA % 2 0.41 0.59 !
69: CONST GD2GE3_BETA : GD : GE : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105) Hai-Lin Chen, Yong Du, Cui-Yun He, Thermodynamic modeling of the gadolinium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462, 181-186 (2008).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf00792035](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00792035) V. N. Eremenko, V. G. Batalin, Yu. I. Buyanov, I. M. Obushenko, Constitution diagram of the gadolinium-germanium system, Powder Metall Met Ceram 19, 104-108 (1980).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## GD2GE3_C32 (Gd–Ge)

- Id: `phase:gd-ge:gd2ge3-c32`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_blocked_by:stoichiometry_contradicts_C32; stoichiometry_contradicts_C32:GdGe-08Che.tdb
- Candidate (literature_printed): AlB2 · hP3 — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (name_token): AlB2 · C32 · hP3 · P6/mmm (191) — Strukturbericht/word 'C32' in the TDB name
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): AlB2 · C32 · hP3 · P6/mmm (191) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GD2GE3_C32: Gd2Ge3 (alpha)
- Candidate (tdb_comment): AlB2 · hP3 · P6/mmm — GdGe-08Che.tdb: 'Prototype AlB2 (hP3, P6/mmm)'
- Stoichiometry: Gd 0.4100, Ge 0.5900
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1106.03 K, x(Ge) 0.59–0.59
- Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:gd-ge:gd2ge3-c32)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:gd-ge:gd2ge3-c32  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105:α-Gd2Ge3  
_tdb: _tdb:GdGe-08Che.tdb:GD2GE3_C32  


### TDB models of GD2GE3_C32 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GdGe-08Che.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdGe-08Che.tdb): GD2GE3_C32, type code %, sha256 `fc48e8e82696745e…`

~~~~text
63: PHASE GD2GE3_C32 % 2 0.41 0.59 !
64: CONST GD2GE3_C32 : GD : GE : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105) Hai-Lin Chen, Yong Du, Cui-Yun He, Thermodynamic modeling of the gadolinium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462, 181-186 (2008).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf00792035](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00792035) V. N. Eremenko, V. G. Batalin, Yu. I. Buyanov, I. M. Obushenko, Constitution diagram of the gadolinium-germanium system, Powder Metall Met Ceram 19, 104-108 (1980).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## GD2GE3_GAMMA (Gd–Ge)

- Id: `phase:gd-ge:gd2ge3-gamma`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_both; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
- Candidate (literature_printed): (gamma-Gd2Ge3) · ? — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (gamma-Gd2Ge3) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GD2GE3_GAMMA: Gd2Ge3 (gamma)
- Stoichiometry: Gd 0.4000, Ge 0.6000
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1342.95–1687.12 K, x(Ge) 0.6–0.6
- Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:gd-ge:gd2ge3-gamma)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:gd-ge:gd2ge3-gamma  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105:γ-Gd2Ge3  
_tdb: _tdb:GdGe-08Che.tdb:GD2GE3_GAMMA  


### TDB models of GD2GE3_GAMMA (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GdGe-08Che.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdGe-08Che.tdb): GD2GE3_GAMMA, type code %, sha256 `fc48e8e82696745e…`

~~~~text
73: PHASE GD2GE3_GAMMA % 2 2 3 !
74: CONST GD2GE3_GAMMA : GD : GE : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105) Hai-Lin Chen, Yong Du, Cui-Yun He, Thermodynamic modeling of the gadolinium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462, 181-186 (2008).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf00792035](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00792035) V. N. Eremenko, V. G. Batalin, Yu. I. Buyanov, I. M. Obushenko, Constitution diagram of the gadolinium-germanium system, Powder Metall Met Ceram 19, 104-108 (1980).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## GD2GE5 (Gd–Ge)

- Id: `phase:gd-ge:gd2ge5`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_both; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
- Candidate (literature_printed): (GdGe2.57) · oC\* — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (GdGe2.57) · C222_1 (20) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GD2GE5: GdGe2.57
- Stoichiometry: Gd 0.2801, Ge 0.7199
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1122.89–1163.07 K, x(Ge) 0.71989–0.71989
- Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:gd-ge:gd2ge5)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:gd-ge:gd2ge5  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105:GdGe2.57  
_tdb: _tdb:GdGe-08Che.tdb:GD2GE5  


### TDB models of GD2GE5 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GdGe-08Che.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdGe-08Che.tdb): GD2GE5, type code %, sha256 `fc48e8e82696745e…`

~~~~text
88: PHASE GD2GE5 % 2 1 2.57 !
89: CONST GD2GE5 : GD : GE : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105) Hai-Lin Chen, Yong Du, Cui-Yun He, Thermodynamic modeling of the gadolinium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462, 181-186 (2008).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf00792035](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00792035) V. N. Eremenko, V. G. Batalin, Yu. I. Buyanov, I. M. Obushenko, Constitution diagram of the gadolinium-germanium system, Powder Metall Met Ceram 19, 104-108 (1980).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## GD3GE5_BETA (Gd–Ge)

- Id: `phase:gd-ge:gd3ge5-beta`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: no_structure_token; polymorph_family:other phases of this system have the same composition
- Candidate (dft_oqmd): P-62c (190) — on-hull OQMD Gd3 Ge5 at x(GE)=0.6250
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): Ge5Y3 · oF64 · Fdd2 (43) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GD3GE5_BETA: Gd3Ge5-beta
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Ge5Y3 · oF64 · Fdd2 — GdGe-08Che.tdb: 'Prototype Ge5Y3 (oF64, Fdd2)'
- Stoichiometry: Gd 0.3750, Ge 0.6250
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 872–1080.44 K, x(Ge) 0.625–0.625
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:gd-ge:gd3ge5-beta)

Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:gd-ge:gd3ge5-beta  
_tdb: _tdb:GdGe-08Che.tdb:GD3GE5_BETA  


### TDB models of GD3GE5_BETA (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GdGe-08Che.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdGe-08Che.tdb): GD3GE5_BETA, type code %, sha256 `fc48e8e82696745e…`

~~~~text
83: PHASE GD3GE5_BETA % 2 3 5 !
84: CONST GD3GE5_BETA : GD : GE : !
~~~~

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105) Hai-Lin Chen, Yong Du, Cui-Yun He, Thermodynamic modeling of the gadolinium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462, 181-186 (2008).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## GD3GE5_CC (Gd–Ge)

- Id: `phase:gd-ge:gd3ge5-cc`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: stoichiometry_contradicts_C_c:GdGe-08Che.tdb
- Candidate (dft_oqmd): P-62c (190) — on-hull OQMD Gd3 Ge5 at x(GE)=0.6250
- Candidate (name_token): Si2Th · C_c · tI12 · I4_1/amd (141) — Strukturbericht/word 'CC' in the TDB name
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): Si2Th · C_c · tI12 · I4_1/amd (141) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GD3GE5_CC: Gd3Ge5-alpha
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Si2Th · tI12 · I4_1/amd — GdGe-08Che.tdb: 'Prototype Si2Th (tI12, I4_1/amd)'
- Stoichiometry: Gd 0.3750, Ge 0.6250
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–872 K, x(Ge) 0.625–0.625
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:gd-ge:gd3ge5-cc)

Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:gd-ge:gd3ge5-cc  
_tdb: _tdb:GdGe-08Che.tdb:GD3GE5_CC  


### TDB models of GD3GE5_CC (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GdGe-08Che.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdGe-08Che.tdb): GD3GE5_CC, type code %, sha256 `fc48e8e82696745e…`

~~~~text
78: PHASE GD3GE5_CC % 2 3 5 !
79: CONST GD3GE5_CC : GD : GE : !
~~~~

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105) Hai-Lin Chen, Yong Du, Cui-Yun He, Thermodynamic modeling of the gadolinium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462, 181-186 (2008).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## GD5GE3_D88 (Gd–Ge)

- Id: `phase:gd-ge:gd5ge3-d88`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Mn5Si3 · D8_8 · hP16 · P6_3/mcm (193); type `st:d8-8-mn5si3-hp16`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stoichiometry: Gd 0.6250, Ge 0.3750
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2063.04 K, x(Ge) 0.375–0.375
- Literature: 10 values (10 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:gd-ge:gd5ge3-d88)

Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:gd-ge:gd5ge3-d88  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105:Gd5Ge3, paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105:β-Gd5Ge3  
_tdb: _tdb:GdGe-08Che.tdb:GD5GE3_D88  


### TDB models of GD5GE3_D88 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GdGe-08Che.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdGe-08Che.tdb): GD5GE3_D88, type code %, sha256 `fc48e8e82696745e…`

~~~~text
48: PHASE GD5GE3_D88 % 2 5 3 !
49: CONST GD5GE3_D88 : GD : GE : !
~~~~

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105) Hai-Lin Chen, Yong Du, Cui-Yun He, Thermodynamic modeling of the gadolinium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462, 181-186 (2008).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf00792035](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00792035) V. N. Eremenko, V. G. Batalin, Yu. I. Buyanov, I. M. Obushenko, Constitution diagram of the gadolinium-germanium system, Powder Metall Met Ceram 19, 104-108 (1980).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf02881428](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02881428) A.B. Gokhale, G.J. Abbaschian, The gadolinium–germanium system, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagr. 10 (2) (1989) 147–152, 189–190.  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## GD5GE4 (Gd–Ge)

- Id: `phase:gd-ge:gd5ge4`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Ge4Sm5 · oP36 · Pnma (62); type `st:ge4sm5-op36`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_oqmd, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Gd 0.5556, Ge 0.4444
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1962.66 K, x(Ge) 0.44444–0.44444
- Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:gd-ge:gd5ge4)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:gd-ge:gd5ge4  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105:Gd5Ge4  
_tdb: _tdb:GdGe-08Che.tdb:GD5GE4  


### TDB models of GD5GE4 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GdGe-08Che.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdGe-08Che.tdb): GD5GE4, type code %, sha256 `fc48e8e82696745e…`

~~~~text
53: PHASE GD5GE4 % 2 5 4 !
54: CONST GD5GE4 : GD : GE : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105) Hai-Lin Chen, Yong Du, Cui-Yun He, Thermodynamic modeling of the gadolinium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462, 181-186 (2008).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf00792035](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00792035) V. N. Eremenko, V. G. Batalin, Yu. I. Buyanov, I. M. Obushenko, Constitution diagram of the gadolinium-germanium system, Powder Metall Met Ceram 19, 104-108 (1980).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## GDGE_B33 (Gd–Ge)

- Id: `phase:gd-ge:gdge-b33`; status `assigned`
- Structure: CrB · B33 · oC8 · Cmcm (63); type `st:b33-crb-oc8`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaaabdmc and oqmd-18848, space group 63
- Stoichiometry: Gd 0.5000, Ge 0.5000
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1843.96 K, x(Ge) 0.5–0.5
- Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:gd-ge:gdge-b33)

Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:gd-ge:gdge-b33  
_mp: _mp:mp-aaaabdmc  
_oqmd: _oqmd:oqmd-18848  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105:GdGe  
_tdb: _tdb:GdGe-08Che.tdb:GDGE_B33  


### TDB models of GDGE_B33 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GdGe-08Che.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdGe-08Che.tdb): GDGE_B33, type code %, sha256 `fc48e8e82696745e…`

~~~~text
58: PHASE GDGE_B33 % 2 1 1 !
59: CONST GDGE_B33 : GD : GE : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105) Hai-Lin Chen, Yong Du, Cui-Yun He, Thermodynamic modeling of the gadolinium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462, 181-186 (2008).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf00792035](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00792035) V. N. Eremenko, V. G. Batalin, Yu. I. Buyanov, I. M. Obushenko, Constitution diagram of the gadolinium-germanium system, Powder Metall Met Ceram 19, 104-108 (1980).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## HCP_A3 (Gd–Ge)

- Id: `phase:gd-ge:hcp-a3`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type `st:a3-mg-hp2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1533.16 K, x(Ge) 0–0
- Literature: 2 values (2 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:gd-ge:hcp-a3)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:gd-ge:hcp-a3  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105:α-Gd  
_tdb: _tdb:GdGe-08Che.tdb:HCP_A3  


### TDB models of HCP_A3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GdGe-08Che.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdGe-08Che.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `fc48e8e82696745e…`

~~~~text
38: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
39: CONST HCP_A3 : GD% GE : VA: !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105) Hai-Lin Chen, Yong Du, Cui-Yun He, Thermodynamic modeling of the gadolinium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462, 181-186 (2008).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf00792035](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00792035) V. N. Eremenko, V. G. Batalin, Yu. I. Buyanov, I. M. Obushenko, Constitution diagram of the gadolinium-germanium system, Powder Metall Met Ceram 19, 104-108 (1980).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## LIQUID (Gd–Ge)

- Id: `phase:gd-ge:liquid`; status `assigned`
- Structure: liquid; type `st:liquid`; liquid; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1132.59–2500 K, x(Ge) 0–1
- Literature: 16 values (16 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:gd-ge:liquid)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:gd-ge:liquid  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105:L  
_tdb: _tdb:GdGe-08Che.tdb:LIQUID  


### TDB models of LIQUID (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GdGe-08Che.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GdGe-08Che.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `fc48e8e82696745e…`

~~~~text
23: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
24: CONST LIQUID:L : GD GE : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.07.105) Hai-Lin Chen, Yong Du, Cui-Yun He, Thermodynamic modeling of the gadolinium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 462, 181-186 (2008).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf00792035](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00792035) V. N. Eremenko, V. G. Batalin, Yu. I. Buyanov, I. M. Obushenko, Constitution diagram of the gadolinium-germanium system, Powder Metall Met Ceram 19, 104-108 (1980).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite the ORCHID phase registry and the sources named on the page (TDB assessments, Hallstedt 2025, Materials Project, OQMD). TDB statements are quoted as written; parameter expressions are not reproduced. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt).