# Ge–Li phases
> Ge–Li system: 16 phases (tier A 5, tier C 9, liquid 1, needs_review 1); 14 stable in a calculated diagram in the ORCHID phase registry, with names, structure type when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules, calculated stability, verbatim TDB PHASE/CONSTITUENT statements and example references.
HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GE-LI.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GE-LI.md
16 phases (tier A 5, tier C 9, liquid 1, needs_review 1); 14 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).
Data: [interactive registry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/?q=GE-LI) · [full JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/systems/GE-LI.json) · [Ge–Li system page](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GE-LI.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GE-LI.md) · [field reference](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md)
Table: Phases of the Ge–Li system (16)
| Phase | Structure | Basis | Stability (calculated) | Literature values | TDB models |
|---|---|---|---|---:|---:|
| [DIAMOND_A4](#phase-ge-li-a4-diamond); _phase:ge-li:a4-diamond_ | C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1211.4 K, x(Li) 0–0 | 13 | 2 |
| [BCC_A2](#phase-ge-li-bcc-a2); _phase:ge-li:bcc-a2_ | W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–2499.75 K, x(Li) 1–1 | 11 | 2 |
| [FCC_A1](#phase-ge-li-fcc-a1); _phase:ge-li:fcc-a1_ | Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 2 |
| [GE12LI7](#phase-ge-li-ge12li7); _phase:ge-li:ge12li7_ | Na7Sn12 · mP78 · P2/c (13) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–784.69 K, x(Li) 0.36842–0.36842 | 48 | 2 |
| [GE2LI7](#phase-ge-li-ge2li7); _phase:ge-li:ge2li7_ | Ge2Li7 · oC36 · Cmmm (65) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1046.75 K, x(Li) 0.77778–0.77778 | 29 | 1 |
| [GE3LI7](#phase-ge-li-ge3li7); _phase:ge-li:ge3li7_ | Li5Sn2 · hR7 · R-3m (166) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1051.76 K, x(Li) 0.7–0.7 | 34 | 1 |
| [GE4LI13](#phase-ge-li-ge4li13); _phase:ge-li:ge4li13_ | Ge2Li7 · oC36 · Cmmm (65) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1057.24 K, x(Li) 0.76471–0.76471 | 10 | 1 |
| [GE4LI15_D86](#phase-ge-li-ge4li15-d86); _phase:ge-li:ge4li15-d86_ | Cu15Si4 · D8_6 · cI76 · I-43d (220) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–990.13 K, x(Li) 0.78947–0.78947 | 24 | 2 |
| [GE4LI17](#phase-ge-li-ge4li17); _phase:ge-li:ge4li17_ | Ge4Li17 · cF436 · F-43m (216) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–795.07 K, x(Li) 0.80952–0.80952 | 36 | 2 |
| [GE4LI9](#phase-ge-li-ge4li9); _phase:ge-li:ge4li9_ | Ge4Li9 · oC52 · Cmcm (63) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1018.15 K, x(Li) 0.69231–0.69231 | 30 | 2 |
| [GE6LI14](#phase-ge-li-ge6li14); _phase:ge-li:ge6li14_ | Li5Sn2 · hR7 · R-3m (166) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1020.04 K, x(Li) 0.7–0.7 | 10 | 1 |
| [GE7LI12](#phase-ge-li-ge7li12); _phase:ge-li:ge7li12_ | Li12Si7 · oP152 · Pnma (62) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–808.16 K, x(Li) 0.63158–0.63158 | 51 | 2 |
| [GELI](#phase-ge-li-geli); _phase:ge-li:geli_ | GeLi · tI32 · I4_1/a (88) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–812.96 K, x(Li) 0.5–0.5 | 45 | 2 |
| [GELI4](#phase-ge-li-geli4); _phase:ge-li:geli4_ | | needs_review | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 670.84–900.21 K, x(Li) 0.80377–0.80392 | 27 | 2 |
| [HCP_A3](#phase-ge-li-hcp-a3); _phase:ge-li:hcp-a3_ | Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 2 |
| [LIQUID](#phase-ge-li-liquid); _phase:ge-li:liquid_ | liquid | liquid | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 453.33–2500 K, x(Li) 0–1 | 154 | 2 |
## DIAMOND_A4 (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:a4-diamond`; status `assigned`
- Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type `st:a4-c-diamond-cf8`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stoichiometry: Ge 1.0000
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1211.4 K, x(Li) 0–0
- Literature: 13 values (9 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:a4-diamond)
Names (6): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:a4-diamond, corpus:phase:ge-li:diamond-a4
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:(Ge), paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Diamond_A4
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:DIAMOND_A4
### TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-18Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-18Wan.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `5eb8811b38c848da…`
~~~~text
46: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
47: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : GE : !
~~~~
[GeLi-22Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-22Gie.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `ce9879aaebef3c3c…`
~~~~text
52: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
53: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : GE : !
~~~~
Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5) Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883) W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020) Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1149/1.1652421](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1652421) M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
## BCC_A2 (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:bcc-a2`; status `assigned`
- Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type `st:a2-w-ci2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–2499.75 K, x(Li) 1–1
- Literature: 11 values (9 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:bcc-a2)
Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:bcc-a2
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:(Li), paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:BCC_A2
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:BCC_A2
### TDB models of BCC_A2 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-18Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-18Wan.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `5eb8811b38c848da…`
~~~~text
36: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
37: CONST BCC_A2 : GE LI : VA : !
~~~~
[GeLi-22Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-22Gie.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `ce9879aaebef3c3c…`
~~~~text
42: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
43: CONST BCC_A2 : GE LI : VA : !
~~~~
Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5) Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883) W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020) Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1149/1.1652421](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1652421) M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
## FCC_A1 (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:fcc-a1`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type `st:a1-cu-cf4`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:fcc-a1)
Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:fcc-a1
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:FCC_A1
### TDB models of FCC_A1 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-18Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-18Wan.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `5eb8811b38c848da…`
~~~~text
31: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
32: CONST FCC_A1 : GE LI : VA : !
~~~~
[GeLi-22Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-22Gie.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `ce9879aaebef3c3c…`
~~~~text
37: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
38: CONST FCC_A1 : GE LI : VA : !
~~~~
Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5) Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883) W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
_assessment that models this phase_
## GE12LI7 (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:ge12li7`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Na7Sn12 · mP78 · P2/c (13); type `st:na7sn12-mp78`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.6316, Li 0.3684
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–784.69 K, x(Li) 0.36842–0.36842
- Literature: 48 values (46 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:ge12li7)
Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:ge12li7
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li7Ge12, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Ge12Li7
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GE12LI7, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GE12LI7
### TDB models of GE12LI7 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-18Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-18Wan.tdb): GE12LI7, type code %, sha256 `5eb8811b38c848da…`
~~~~text
51: PHASE GE12LI7 % 2 12 7 !
52: CONST GE12LI7 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
[GeLi-22Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-22Gie.tdb): GE12LI7, type code %, sha256 `ce9879aaebef3c3c…`
~~~~text
57: PHASE GE12LI7 % 2 12 7 !
58: CONST GE12LI7 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883) W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5) Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020) Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1149/1.1652421](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1652421) M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
## GE2LI7 (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:ge2li7`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Ge2Li7 · oC36 · Cmmm (65); type `st:ge2li7-oc36`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.2222, Li 0.7778
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1046.75 K, x(Li) 0.77778–0.77778
- Literature: 29 values (29 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:ge2li7)
Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:ge2li7
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Ge2Li7
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GE2LI7
### TDB models of GE2LI7 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-22Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-22Gie.tdb): GE2LI7, type code %, sha256 `ce9879aaebef3c3c…`
~~~~text
82: PHASE GE2LI7 % 2 2 7 !
83: CONST GE2LI7 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883) W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
## GE3LI7 (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:ge3li7`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Li5Sn2 · hR7 · R-3m (166); type `st:li5sn2-hr7`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_structure_token, polymorph_family:other phases of this system have the same composition); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.3000, Li 0.7000
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1051.76 K, x(Li) 0.7–0.7
- Literature: 34 values (34 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:ge3li7)
Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:ge3li7
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Ge3Li7
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GE3LI7
### TDB models of GE3LI7 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-22Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-22Gie.tdb): GE3LI7, type code %, sha256 `ce9879aaebef3c3c…`
~~~~text
77: PHASE GE3LI7 % 2 3 7 !
78: CONST GE3LI7 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883) W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-3697(57)90050-1](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697%2857%2990050-1) E.M. Pell, Solubility of Lithium in germanium, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 3, 74-76 (1957).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
## GE4LI13 (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:ge4li13`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Ge2Li7 · oC36 · Cmmm (65); type `st:ge2li7-oc36`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.2353, Li 0.7647
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1057.24 K, x(Li) 0.76471–0.76471
- Literature: 10 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:ge4li13)
Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:ge4li13
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li13Ge4
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GE4LI13
### TDB models of GE4LI13 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-18Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-18Wan.tdb): GE4LI13, type code %, sha256 `5eb8811b38c848da…`
~~~~text
76: PHASE GE4LI13 % 2 4 13 !
77: CONST GE4LI13 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5) Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020) Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1149/1.1652421](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1652421) M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
## GE4LI15_D86 (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:ge4li15-d86`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Cu15Si4 · D8_6 · cI76 · I-43d (220); type `st:d8-6-cu15si4-ci76`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaaaacqj and oqmd-8013, space group 220
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.2105, Li 0.7895
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–990.13 K, x(Li) 0.78947–0.78947
- Literature: 24 values (18 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:ge4li15-d86)
Names (7): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:ge4li15-d86
_mp: _mp:mp-aaaaacqj
_oqmd: _oqmd:oqmd-8013
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li15Ge4, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Ge4Li15
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GE4LI15_D86, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GE4LI15_D86
### TDB models of GE4LI15_D86 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-18Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-18Wan.tdb): GE4LI15_D86, type code %, sha256 `5eb8811b38c848da…`
~~~~text
81: PHASE GE4LI15_D86 % 2 4 15 !
82: CONST GE4LI15_D86 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
[GeLi-22Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-22Gie.tdb): GE4LI15_D86, type code %, sha256 `ce9879aaebef3c3c…`
~~~~text
87: PHASE GE4LI15_D86 % 2 4 15 !
88: CONST GE4LI15_D86 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5) Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883) W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020) Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1149/1.1652421](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1652421) M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1039/c4dt00743c](https://doi.org/10.1039/c4dt00743c) Michael Zeilinger, Thomas F. Fässler, Structural and thermodynamic similarities of phases in the Li–Tt (Tt = Si, Ge) systems: redetermination of the lithium-rich side of the Li–Ge phase diagram and crystal structures of Li \17\ Si \4.0−x\ Ge \x\ for \x\ = 2.3, 3.1, 3.5, and 4 as well as Li \4.1\ Ge, Dalton Trans. 43, 14959-14970 (2014).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
## GE4LI17 (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:ge4li17`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Ge4Li17 · cF436 · F-43m (216); type `st:ge4li17-cf436`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_mp, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.1905, Li 0.8095
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–795.07 K, x(Li) 0.80952–0.80952
- Literature: 36 values (30 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:ge4li17)
Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:ge4li17
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li17Ge4, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Ge4Li17
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GE4LI17, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GE4LI17
### TDB models of GE4LI17 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-18Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-18Wan.tdb): GE4LI17, type code %, sha256 `5eb8811b38c848da…`
~~~~text
92: PHASE GE4LI17 % 2 4 17 !
93: CONST GE4LI17 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
[GeLi-22Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-22Gie.tdb): GE4LI17, type code %, sha256 `ce9879aaebef3c3c…`
~~~~text
98: PHASE GE4LI17 % 2 4 17 !
99: CONST GE4LI17 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883) W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5) Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020) Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1149/1.1652421](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1652421) M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1039/c4dt00743c](https://doi.org/10.1039/c4dt00743c) Michael Zeilinger, Thomas F. Fässler, Structural and thermodynamic similarities of phases in the Li–Tt (Tt = Si, Ge) systems: redetermination of the lithium-rich side of the Li–Ge phase diagram and crystal structures of Li \17\ Si \4.0−x\ Ge \x\ for \x\ = 2.3, 3.1, 3.5, and 4 as well as Li \4.1\ Ge, Dalton Trans. 43, 14959-14970 (2014).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
## GE4LI9 (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:ge4li9`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Ge4Li9 · oC52 · Cmcm (63); type `st:ge4li9-oc52`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_oqmd, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.3077, Li 0.6923
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1018.15 K, x(Li) 0.69231–0.69231
- Literature: 30 values (26 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:ge4li9)
Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:ge4li9
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li9Ge4, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Ge4Li9
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GE4LI9, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GE4LI9
### TDB models of GE4LI9 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-18Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-18Wan.tdb): GE4LI9, type code %, sha256 `5eb8811b38c848da…`
~~~~text
66: PHASE GE4LI9 % 2 4 9 !
67: CONST GE4LI9 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
[GeLi-22Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-22Gie.tdb): GE4LI9, type code %, sha256 `ce9879aaebef3c3c…`
~~~~text
72: PHASE GE4LI9 % 2 4 9 !
73: CONST GE4LI9 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883) W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5) Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-3697(57)90050-1](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697%2857%2990050-1) E.M. Pell, Solubility of Lithium in germanium, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 3, 74-76 (1957).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020) Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1149/1.1652421](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1652421) M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
## GE6LI14 (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:ge6li14`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Li5Sn2 · hR7 · R-3m (166); type `st:li5sn2-hr7`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_structure_token, polymorph_family:other phases of this system have the same composition); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.3000, Li 0.7000
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1020.04 K, x(Li) 0.7–0.7
- Literature: 10 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:ge6li14)
Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:ge6li14
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li14Ge6
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GE6LI14
### TDB models of GE6LI14 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-18Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-18Wan.tdb): GE6LI14, type code %, sha256 `5eb8811b38c848da…`
~~~~text
71: PHASE GE6LI14 % 2 6 14 !
72: CONST GE6LI14 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5) Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020) Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1149/1.1652421](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1652421) M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
## GE7LI12 (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:ge7li12`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Li12Si7 · oP152 · Pnma (62); type `st:li12si7-op152`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.3684, Li 0.6316
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–808.16 K, x(Li) 0.63158–0.63158
- Literature: 51 values (47 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:ge7li12)
Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:ge7li12
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li12Ge7, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:Ge7Li12
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GE7LI12, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GE7LI12
### TDB models of GE7LI12 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-18Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-18Wan.tdb): GE7LI12, type code %, sha256 `5eb8811b38c848da…`
~~~~text
61: PHASE GE7LI12 % 2 7 12 !
62: CONST GE7LI12 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
[GeLi-22Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-22Gie.tdb): GE7LI12, type code %, sha256 `ce9879aaebef3c3c…`
~~~~text
67: PHASE GE7LI12 % 2 7 12 !
68: CONST GE7LI12 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883) W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5) Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020) Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1149/1.1652421](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1652421) M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-3697(57)90050-1](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697%2857%2990050-1) E.M. Pell, Solubility of Lithium in germanium, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 3, 74-76 (1957).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
## GELI (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:geli`; status `assigned`
- Structure: GeLi · tI32 · I4_1/a (88); type `st:geli-ti32`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (dft_space_group_88_matches_2_structure_types, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.5000, Li 0.5000
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–812.96 K, x(Li) 0.5–0.5
- Literature: 45 values (38 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:geli)
Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:geli
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:LiGe, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:GeLi
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GELI, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GELI
### TDB models of GELI (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-18Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-18Wan.tdb): GELI, type code %, sha256 `5eb8811b38c848da…`
~~~~text
56: PHASE GELI % 2 1 1 !
57: CONST GELI : GE : LI : !
~~~~
[GeLi-22Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-22Gie.tdb): GELI, type code %, sha256 `ce9879aaebef3c3c…`
~~~~text
62: PHASE GELI % 2 1 1 !
63: CONST GELI : GE : LI : !
~~~~
Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883) W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5) Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020) Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1149/1.1652421](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1652421) M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
## GELI4 (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:geli4`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_blocked_by:models_disagree_on_composition; models_disagree_on_composition; no_structure_token
- Candidate (literature_printed): Li4Si · oC96 — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): Li4Si · oC96 · Cmcm (63) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GELI4: GeLi4
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Li4Si · oC96 · Cmcm — GeLi-18Wan.tdb: 'Prototype Li4Si (oC96, Cmcm)'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Li4Si · oC96 · Cmcm — GeLi-22Gie.tdb: 'Prototype Li4Si (oC96, Cmcm)'
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 670.84–900.21 K, x(Li) 0.80377–0.80392
- Literature: 27 values (21 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:geli4)
Names (7): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:geli4
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li4.1Ge, paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li4Ge, paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:Li4Ge(rt), paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:GeLi4.096
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:GELI4, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:GELI4
### TDB models of GELI4 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-18Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-18Wan.tdb): GELI4, type code %, sha256 `5eb8811b38c848da…`
~~~~text
86: PHASE GELI4 % 2 1 4.1 !
87: CONST GELI4 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
[GeLi-22Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-22Gie.tdb): GELI4, type code %, sha256 `ce9879aaebef3c3c…`
~~~~text
92: PHASE GELI4 % 2 1 4.096 !
93: CONST GELI4 : GE : LI : !
~~~~
Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5) Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883) W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1039/c4dt00743c](https://doi.org/10.1039/c4dt00743c) Michael Zeilinger, Thomas F. Fässler, Structural and thermodynamic similarities of phases in the Li–Tt (Tt = Si, Ge) systems: redetermination of the lithium-rich side of the Li–Ge phase diagram and crystal structures of Li \17\ Si \4.0−x\ Ge \x\ for \x\ = 2.3, 3.1, 3.5, and 4 as well as Li \4.1\ Ge, Dalton Trans. 43, 14959-14970 (2014).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020) Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1149/1.1652421](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1652421) M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
## HCP_A3 (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:hcp-a3`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type `st:a3-mg-hp2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:hcp-a3)
Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:hcp-a3
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:HCP_A3
### TDB models of HCP_A3 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-18Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-18Wan.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `5eb8811b38c848da…`
~~~~text
41: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
42: CONST HCP_A3 : GE LI : VA : !
~~~~
[GeLi-22Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-22Gie.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `ce9879aaebef3c3c…`
~~~~text
47: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
48: CONST HCP_A3 : GE LI : VA : !
~~~~
Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5) Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883) W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
_assessment that models this phase_
## LIQUID (Ge–Li)
- Id: `phase:ge-li:liquid`; status `assigned`
- Structure: liquid; type `st:liquid`; liquid; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 453.33–2500 K, x(Li) 0–1
- Literature: 154 values (135 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-li:liquid)
Names (6): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-li:liquid
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5:L, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:L, paper:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883:liquid
_tdb: _tdb:GeLi-18Wan.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:GeLi-22Gie.tdb:LIQUID
### TDB models of LIQUID (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
[GeLi-18Wan.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-18Wan.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `5eb8811b38c848da…`
~~~~text
26: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
27: CONST LIQUID:L : GE LI : !
~~~~
[GeLi-22Gie.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeLi-22Gie.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `ce9879aaebef3c3c…`
~~~~text
32: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
33: CONST LIQUID:L : GE LI : !
~~~~
Example references (6 of 6; assessments first):
- [doi:10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2022.106883) W. Gierlotka, A. Dębski, M. Zabrocki, A. Góral, W. Gąsior, Phase diagram, thermodynamic studies, and ab-initio calculations of the Ge-Li system, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 175, 106883 (2022).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-018-0632-5) Shimin Wang, Yong Du, Yingbiao Peng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoming Yuan, Shuhong Liu, A Thermodynamic Assessment of the Li-Ge System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 39, 315-323 (2018).
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.020) Wei-Jun Zhang, A review of the electrochemical performance of alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources 196, 13-24 (2011).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1149/1.1652421](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1652421) M. N. Obrovac, Leif Christensen, Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes during Lithium Insertion/Extraction, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 7, A93 (2004).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1039/c4dt00743c](https://doi.org/10.1039/c4dt00743c) Michael Zeilinger, Thomas F. Fässler, Structural and thermodynamic similarities of phases in the Li–Tt (Tt = Si, Ge) systems: redetermination of the lithium-rich side of the Li–Ge phase diagram and crystal structures of Li \17\ Si \4.0−x\ Ge \x\ for \x\ = 2.3, 3.1, 3.5, and 4 as well as Li \4.1\ Ge, Dalton Trans. 43, 14959-14970 (2014).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-3697(57)90050-1](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697%2857%2990050-1) E.M. Pell, Solubility of Lithium in germanium, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 3, 74-76 (1957).
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
## Please cite
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065
Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work).
Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.
```bibtex
@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
title = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
version = {2026.10},
publisher = {Zenodo},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
note = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
@misc{orchid_data_2026,
author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
version = {2026.10},
publisher = {Zenodo},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
note = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```
---
Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite the ORCHID phase registry and the sources named on the page (TDB assessments, Hallstedt 2025, Materials Project, OQMD). TDB statements are quoted as written; parameter expressions are not reproduced. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt).