Ge–S phases

10 phases (tier A 6, liquid 1, needs_review 3); 7 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Ge–S system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the Ge–S system (10)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
ORTHORHOMBIC_A16 phase:ge-s:a16-orthorhombic	alpha-S · A16 · oF128 · Fddd (70)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–368.3 K, x(S) 1–1	0	1
DIAMOND_A4 phase:ge-s:a4-diamond	C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1211.4 K, x(S) 0–0	0	1
BCC_A2 phase:ge-s:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)	0	1
FCC_A1 phase:ge-s:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)	0	1
GES_B16 phase:ge-s:ges-b16	GeS · B16 · oP8 · Pnma (62)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–863.49 K, x(S) 0.5–0.5	0	1
GES_BETA phase:ge-s:ges-beta		needs_review	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 863.49–950.37 K, x(S) 0.5–0.5	0	1
GES2 phase:ge-s:ges2		needs_review	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1109.08 K, x(S) 0.66667–0.66667	13	1
HCP_A3 phase:ge-s:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)	0	1
LIQUID phase:ge-s:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 384.08–2500 K, x(S) 0–1	0	1
MONOCLINIC_S phase:ge-s:s-monoclinic		needs_review	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 368.3–391.08 K, x(S) 1–1	0	1

ORTHORHOMBIC_A16 (Ge–S)

Id: phase:ge-s:a16-orthorhombic; status assigned
Structure: alpha-S · A16 · oF128 · Fddd (70); type st:a16-alpha-s-of128; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: S 1.0000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–368.3 K, x(S) 1–1
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-s:a16-orthorhombic
tdb: tdb:GeS-22Che.tdb:ORTHORHOMBIC_A16

TDB models of ORTHORHOMBIC_A16 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeS-22Che.tdb: ORTHORHOMBIC_A16, type code %, sha256 785db495efac14d1…

51: PHASE ORTHORHOMBIC_A16 % 1 1 !
52: CONST ORTHORHOMBIC_A16 : S : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

DIAMOND_A4 (Ge–S)

Id: phase:ge-s:a4-diamond; status assigned
Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type st:a4-c-diamond-cf8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Ge 1.0000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1211.4 K, x(S) 0–0
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-s:a4-diamond
tdb: tdb:GeS-22Che.tdb:DIAMOND_A4

TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeS-22Che.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 785db495efac14d1…

46: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
47: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : GE : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

BCC_A2 (Ge–S)

Id: phase:ge-s:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-s:bcc-a2
tdb: tdb:GeS-22Che.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeS-22Che.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 785db495efac14d1…

36: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
37: CONST BCC_A2 : GE S : VA : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

FCC_A1 (Ge–S)

Id: phase:ge-s:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-s:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:GeS-22Che.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeS-22Che.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 785db495efac14d1…

31: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
32: CONST FCC_A1 : GE S : VA : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

GES_B16 (Ge–S)

Id: phase:ge-s:ges-b16; status assigned
Structure: GeS · B16 · oP8 · Pnma (62); type st:b16-ges-op8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.5000, S 0.5000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–863.49 K, x(S) 0.5–0.5
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-s:ges-b16
tdb: tdb:GeS-22Che.tdb:GES_B16

TDB models of GES_B16 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeS-22Che.tdb: GES_B16, type code %, sha256 785db495efac14d1…

61: PHASE GES_B16 % 2 1 1 !
62: CONST GES_B16 : GE : S : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

GES_BETA (Ge–S)

Id: phase:ge-s:ges-beta; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: no_structure_token; polymorph_family:other phases of this system have the same composition; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
Candidate (dft_mp): Pnma (62) — on-hull MP GeS at x(S)=0.5000
Candidate (dft_oqmd): Pnma (62) — on-hull OQMD Ge1 S1 at x(S)=0.5000
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (GeS) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GES_BETA: GeS (high-T)
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.5000, S 0.5000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 863.49–950.37 K, x(S) 0.5–0.5
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-s:ges-beta
tdb: tdb:GeS-22Che.tdb:GES_BETA

TDB models of GES_BETA (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeS-22Che.tdb: GES_BETA, type code %, sha256 785db495efac14d1…

66: PHASE GES_BETA % 2 1 1 !
67: CONST GES_BETA : GE : S : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

GES2 (Ge–S)

Id: phase:ge-s:ges2; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: dft_space_group_14_matches_0_structure_types; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_disagrees_with_dft; sgte_mmc2_rows_disagree
Candidate (dft_mp): P2_1/c (14) — on-hull MP GeS2 at x(S)=0.6667
Candidate (dft_oqmd): P21/c (14) — on-hull OQMD Ge1 S2 at x(S)=0.6667
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): GeS2-alpha · mP36 · Pc (7) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GES2: GeS2 (low-T)
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): GeS2-beta · mP48 · P2_1/c (14) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GES2: GeS2 (high-T)
Candidate (tdb_comment): GeS2 · mP36 · Pc — GeS-22Che.tdb: 'Prototype GeS2 (mP36, Pc) alpha'
Candidate (tdb_comment): GeS2 · mP48 · P2_1/c — GeS-22Che.tdb: 'Prototype GeS2 (mP48, P2_1/c) beta'
Stoichiometry: Ge 0.3333, S 0.6667
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1109.08 K, x(S) 0.66667–0.66667
Literature: 13 values (13 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-s:ges2
paper: paper:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1:GeS2
tdb: tdb:GeS-22Che.tdb:GES2

TDB models of GES2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeS-22Che.tdb: GES2, type code %, sha256 785db495efac14d1…

72: PHASE GES2 % 2 1 2 !
73: CONST GES2 : GE : S : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1107/s0567740875006851 G. Dittmar, H. Schäfer, Die Kristallstruktur von H.T.-GeS<sub>2</sub>, Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci 31, 2060-2064 (1975).
cited as the source of values for this phase

HCP_A3 (Ge–S)

Id: phase:ge-s:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Ge 1.0000
Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-s:hcp-a3
tdb: tdb:GeS-22Che.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeS-22Che.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 785db495efac14d1…

41: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
42: CONST HCP_A3 : GE : VA : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

LIQUID (Ge–S)

Id: phase:ge-s:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 384.08–2500 K, x(S) 0–1
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-s:liquid
tdb: tdb:GeS-22Che.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeS-22Che.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 785db495efac14d1…

26: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
27: CONST LIQUID:L : GE GES2 S : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

MONOCLINIC_S (Ge–S)

Id: phase:ge-s:s-monoclinic; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: name_has_descriptive_tokens:MONOCLINIC; no_structure_token
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): beta-S · mP48 · P2_1/c (14) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for MONOCLINIC_S: beta-S
Candidate (tdb_comment): beta-S · mP48 · P2_1/a — GeS-22Che.tdb: 'Prototype beta-S (mP48, P2_1/a)'
Stoichiometry: S 1.0000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 368.3–391.08 K, x(S) 1–1
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-s:s-monoclinic
tdb: tdb:GeS-22Che.tdb:MONOCLINIC_S

TDB models of MONOCLINIC_S (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeS-22Che.tdb: MONOCLINIC_S, type code %, sha256 785db495efac14d1…

56: PHASE MONOCLINIC_S % 1 1 !
57: CONST MONOCLINIC_S : S : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1007/s11664-022-09474-1 Shanxiong Chen, Jiong Wang, Shangzhao Yu, Biao Hu, Qing Wu, Yong Du, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ge-X (X = As, Se, S, P) Systems, J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2114-2130 (2022).
assessment that models this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}