Ge–Sb phases

6 phases (tier A 5, liquid 1); 3 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Ge–Sb system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the Ge–Sb system (6)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
DIAMOND_A4 phase:ge-sb:a4-diamond	C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 300–1211.4 K, x(Sb) 0–0.00031	7	4
RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 phase:ge-sb:a7-rhombohedral	alpha-As · A7 · hR2 · R-3m (166)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 300–1428.78 K, x(Sb) 0.93753–1	7	4
BCC_A2 phase:ge-sb:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 4 calculated diagram(s)	0	4
FCC_A1 phase:ge-sb:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 4 calculated diagram(s)	0	4
HCP_A3 phase:ge-sb:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 4 calculated diagram(s)	0	4
LIQUID phase:ge-sb:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 854.35–2500 K, x(Sb) 0–1	12	4

DIAMOND_A4 (Ge–Sb)

Id: phase:ge-sb:a4-diamond; status assigned
Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type st:a4-c-diamond-cf8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 300–1211.4 K, x(Sb) 0–0.00031
Literature: 7 values (7 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sb:a4-diamond, corpus:phase:ge-sb:diamond-a4
paper: paper:10.1016/j.tca.2011.03.008:diamond
tdb: tdb:GeSb-09Wan.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:GeSb-11Liu.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:GeSb-89Che-LB.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:GeSb-99Sch.tdb:DIAMOND_A4

TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSb-09Wan.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 dea266b7c521d694…

39: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
40: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : GE% SB : !

GeSb-11Liu.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 de4f32c2b1c6e2c2…

39: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
40: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : GE% SB : !

GeSb-89Che-LB.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 6f34fa372184c8f1…

44: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
45: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : GE% SB : !

GeSb-99Sch.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 dd406e1392cfa749…

39: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
40: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : GE% SB : !

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.03.008 Jinming Liu, Cuiping Guo, Changrong Li, Zhenmin Du, Thermodynamic optimization of the Ge–Sb and Ge–Sb–Sn systems, Thermochimica Acta 520, 38-47 (2011).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0040-6031(89)87148-5 Pierre-Yves Chewvalier, A thermodynamic evaluation of the Ge-In, Ge-Pb, Ge-Sb, Ge-Tl and Ge-Zn systems, Thermochimica Acta 155, 227-240 (1989).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.06.030 J. Wang, C. Leinenbach, M. Roth, Thermodynamic description of the Au–Ge–Sb ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 485, 577-582 (2009).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1999-900703 A. Schlieper, R. Blachnik, Z. Metallkd., 90, 475-85(1999).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1002/zaac.19402440211 Herbert Stöhr, Wilhelm Klemm, Über Zweistoffsysteme mit Germanium. II. Germanium/Arsen, Germanium/Antimon, Germanium/Wismut, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 244, 205-223 (1940).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02868990 R.W. Olesinski, G.J. Abbaschian, The Ge–Sb system, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 7 (1986) 219–222.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2008.12.009 Navida Nasir, Andriy Grytsiv, Peter Rogl, Adriana Saccone, Gerald Giester, Phase equilibria in systems Ce–M–Sb (M=Si, Ge, Sn) and superstructure Ce12Ge9−xSb23+x (x=3.8±0.1), Journal of Solid State Chemistry 182, 645-656 (2009).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1940-320302 K. Ruttewit, G. Masing, On the alloys of germanium with bismuth, antimony, iron and nickel, Z. Metallkd. 32 (1940) 52–61.
cited as the source of values for this phase

RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (Ge–Sb)

Id: phase:ge-sb:a7-rhombohedral; status assigned
Structure: alpha-As · A7 · hR2 · R-3m (166); type st:a7-alpha-as-hr2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 300–1428.78 K, x(Sb) 0.93753–1
Literature: 7 values (7 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sb:a7-rhombohedral, corpus:phase:ge-sb:rhombohedral-a7
paper: paper:10.1016/j.tca.2011.03.008:rhom
tdb: tdb:GeSb-09Wan.tdb:RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, tdb:GeSb-11Liu.tdb:RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, tdb:GeSb-89Che-LB.tdb:RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, tdb:GeSb-99Sch.tdb:RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7

TDB models of RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSb-09Wan.tdb: RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, type code %, sha256 dea266b7c521d694…

44: PHASE RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 % 1 1 !
45: CONST RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 : GE SB% : !

GeSb-11Liu.tdb: RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, type code %, sha256 de4f32c2b1c6e2c2…

44: PHASE RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 % 1 1 !
45: CONST RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 : GE SB% : !

GeSb-89Che-LB.tdb: RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, type code %, sha256 6f34fa372184c8f1…

49: PHASE RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 % 1 1 !
50: CONST RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 : GE SB% : !

GeSb-99Sch.tdb: RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7, type code %, sha256 dd406e1392cfa749…

44: PHASE RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 % 1 1 !
45: CONST RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 : SB : !

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.03.008 Jinming Liu, Cuiping Guo, Changrong Li, Zhenmin Du, Thermodynamic optimization of the Ge–Sb and Ge–Sb–Sn systems, Thermochimica Acta 520, 38-47 (2011).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0040-6031(89)87148-5 Pierre-Yves Chewvalier, A thermodynamic evaluation of the Ge-In, Ge-Pb, Ge-Sb, Ge-Tl and Ge-Zn systems, Thermochimica Acta 155, 227-240 (1989).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.06.030 J. Wang, C. Leinenbach, M. Roth, Thermodynamic description of the Au–Ge–Sb ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 485, 577-582 (2009).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1999-900703 A. Schlieper, R. Blachnik, Z. Metallkd., 90, 475-85(1999).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1002/zaac.19402440211 Herbert Stöhr, Wilhelm Klemm, Über Zweistoffsysteme mit Germanium. II. Germanium/Arsen, Germanium/Antimon, Germanium/Wismut, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 244, 205-223 (1940).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02868990 R.W. Olesinski, G.J. Abbaschian, The Ge–Sb system, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 7 (1986) 219–222.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2008.12.009 Navida Nasir, Andriy Grytsiv, Peter Rogl, Adriana Saccone, Gerald Giester, Phase equilibria in systems Ce–M–Sb (M=Si, Ge, Sn) and superstructure Ce12Ge9−xSb23+x (x=3.8±0.1), Journal of Solid State Chemistry 182, 645-656 (2009).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1940-320302 K. Ruttewit, G. Masing, On the alloys of germanium with bismuth, antimony, iron and nickel, Z. Metallkd. 32 (1940) 52–61.
cited as the source of values for this phase

BCC_A2 (Ge–Sb)

Id: phase:ge-sb:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 4 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sb:bcc-a2
tdb: tdb:GeSb-09Wan.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:GeSb-11Liu.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:GeSb-89Che-LB.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:GeSb-99Sch.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSb-09Wan.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %, sha256 dea266b7c521d694…

29: PHASE BCC_A2 % 2 1 3 !
30: CONST BCC_A2 : GE SB : VA : !

GeSb-11Liu.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %, sha256 de4f32c2b1c6e2c2…

29: PHASE BCC_A2 % 2 1 3 !
30: CONST BCC_A2 : GE SB : VA : !

GeSb-89Che-LB.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %, sha256 6f34fa372184c8f1…

34: PHASE BCC_A2 % 2 1 3 !
35: CONST BCC_A2 : GE SB : VA : !

GeSb-99Sch.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %, sha256 dd406e1392cfa749…

29: PHASE BCC_A2 % 2 1 3 !
30: CONST BCC_A2 : GE SB : VA : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/0040-6031(89)87148-5 Pierre-Yves Chewvalier, A thermodynamic evaluation of the Ge-In, Ge-Pb, Ge-Sb, Ge-Tl and Ge-Zn systems, Thermochimica Acta 155, 227-240 (1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.06.030 J. Wang, C. Leinenbach, M. Roth, Thermodynamic description of the Au–Ge–Sb ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 485, 577-582 (2009).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.03.008 Jinming Liu, Cuiping Guo, Changrong Li, Zhenmin Du, Thermodynamic optimization of the Ge–Sb and Ge–Sb–Sn systems, Thermochimica Acta 520, 38-47 (2011).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1999-900703 A. Schlieper, R. Blachnik, Z. Metallkd., 90, 475-85(1999).
assessment that models this phase

FCC_A1 (Ge–Sb)

Id: phase:ge-sb:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 4 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sb:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:GeSb-09Wan.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:GeSb-11Liu.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:GeSb-89Che-LB.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:GeSb-99Sch.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSb-09Wan.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %, sha256 dea266b7c521d694…

24: PHASE FCC_A1 % 2 1 1 !
25: CONST FCC_A1 : GE SB : VA : !

GeSb-11Liu.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %, sha256 de4f32c2b1c6e2c2…

24: PHASE FCC_A1 % 2 1 1 !
25: CONST FCC_A1 : GE SB : VA : !

GeSb-89Che-LB.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %, sha256 6f34fa372184c8f1…

29: PHASE FCC_A1 % 2 1 1 !
30: CONST FCC_A1 : GE SB : VA : !

GeSb-99Sch.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %, sha256 dd406e1392cfa749…

24: PHASE FCC_A1 % 2 1 1 !
25: CONST FCC_A1 : GE SB : VA : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/0040-6031(89)87148-5 Pierre-Yves Chewvalier, A thermodynamic evaluation of the Ge-In, Ge-Pb, Ge-Sb, Ge-Tl and Ge-Zn systems, Thermochimica Acta 155, 227-240 (1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.06.030 J. Wang, C. Leinenbach, M. Roth, Thermodynamic description of the Au–Ge–Sb ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 485, 577-582 (2009).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.03.008 Jinming Liu, Cuiping Guo, Changrong Li, Zhenmin Du, Thermodynamic optimization of the Ge–Sb and Ge–Sb–Sn systems, Thermochimica Acta 520, 38-47 (2011).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1999-900703 A. Schlieper, R. Blachnik, Z. Metallkd., 90, 475-85(1999).
assessment that models this phase

HCP_A3 (Ge–Sb)

Id: phase:ge-sb:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 4 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sb:hcp-a3
tdb: tdb:GeSb-09Wan.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:GeSb-11Liu.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:GeSb-89Che-LB.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:GeSb-99Sch.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSb-09Wan.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %, sha256 dea266b7c521d694…

34: PHASE HCP_A3 % 2 1 0.5 !
35: CONST HCP_A3 : GE SB : VA: !

GeSb-11Liu.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %, sha256 de4f32c2b1c6e2c2…

34: PHASE HCP_A3 % 2 1 0.5 !
35: CONST HCP_A3 : GE SB : VA: !

GeSb-89Che-LB.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %, sha256 6f34fa372184c8f1…

39: PHASE HCP_A3 % 2 1 0.5 !
40: CONST HCP_A3 : GE SB : VA: !

GeSb-99Sch.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %, sha256 dd406e1392cfa749…

34: PHASE HCP_A3 % 2 1 0.5 !
35: CONST HCP_A3 : GE SB : VA: !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/0040-6031(89)87148-5 Pierre-Yves Chewvalier, A thermodynamic evaluation of the Ge-In, Ge-Pb, Ge-Sb, Ge-Tl and Ge-Zn systems, Thermochimica Acta 155, 227-240 (1989).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.06.030 J. Wang, C. Leinenbach, M. Roth, Thermodynamic description of the Au–Ge–Sb ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 485, 577-582 (2009).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.03.008 Jinming Liu, Cuiping Guo, Changrong Li, Zhenmin Du, Thermodynamic optimization of the Ge–Sb and Ge–Sb–Sn systems, Thermochimica Acta 520, 38-47 (2011).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1999-900703 A. Schlieper, R. Blachnik, Z. Metallkd., 90, 475-85(1999).
assessment that models this phase

LIQUID (Ge–Sb)

Id: phase:ge-sb:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 4 of 4 calculated diagram(s): 854.35–2500 K, x(Sb) 0–1
Literature: 12 values (12 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:ge-sb:liquid
paper: paper:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.06.030:L, paper:10.1016/j.tca.2011.03.008:Liq.
tdb: tdb:GeSb-09Wan.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:GeSb-11Liu.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:GeSb-89Che-LB.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:GeSb-99Sch.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (4): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

GeSb-09Wan.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 dea266b7c521d694…

19: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
20: CONST LIQUID:L : GE SB : !

GeSb-11Liu.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 de4f32c2b1c6e2c2…

19: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
20: CONST LIQUID:L : GE SB : !

GeSb-89Che-LB.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 6f34fa372184c8f1…

24: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
25: CONST LIQUID:L : GE SB : !

GeSb-99Sch.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 dd406e1392cfa749…

19: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
20: CONST LIQUID:L : GE SB : !

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.03.008 Jinming Liu, Cuiping Guo, Changrong Li, Zhenmin Du, Thermodynamic optimization of the Ge–Sb and Ge–Sb–Sn systems, Thermochimica Acta 520, 38-47 (2011).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.06.030 J. Wang, C. Leinenbach, M. Roth, Thermodynamic description of the Au–Ge–Sb ternary system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 485, 577-582 (2009).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0040-6031(89)87148-5 Pierre-Yves Chewvalier, A thermodynamic evaluation of the Ge-In, Ge-Pb, Ge-Sb, Ge-Tl and Ge-Zn systems, Thermochimica Acta 155, 227-240 (1989).
assessment that models this phase; cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1999-900703 A. Schlieper, R. Blachnik, Z. Metallkd., 90, 475-85(1999).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/bf02868990 R.W. Olesinski, G.J. Abbaschian, The Ge–Sb system, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 7 (1986) 219–222.
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1002/zaac.19402440211 Herbert Stöhr, Wilhelm Klemm, Über Zweistoffsysteme mit Germanium. II. Germanium/Arsen, Germanium/Antimon, Germanium/Wismut, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 244, 205-223 (1940).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2008.12.009 Navida Nasir, Andriy Grytsiv, Peter Rogl, Adriana Saccone, Gerald Giester, Phase equilibria in systems Ce–M–Sb (M=Si, Ge, Sn) and superstructure Ce12Ge9−xSb23+x (x=3.8±0.1), Journal of Solid State Chemistry 182, 645-656 (2009).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1515/ijmr-1940-320302 K. Ruttewit, G. Masing, On the alloys of germanium with bismuth, antimony, iron and nickel, Z. Metallkd. 32 (1940) 52–61.
cited as the source of values for this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}