# Ge–Tm phases

> Ge–Tm system: 14 phases (tier A 6, tier C 3, liquid 1, needs_review 4); 12 stable in a calculated diagram in the ORCHID phase registry, with names, structure type when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules, calculated stability, verbatim TDB PHASE/CONSTITUENT statements and example references.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GE-TM.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GE-TM.md

14 phases (tier A 6, tier C 3, liquid 1, needs_review 4); 12 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: [interactive registry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/?q=GE-TM) · [full JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/systems/GE-TM.json) · [Ge–Tm system page](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/GE-TM.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/GE-TM.md) · [field reference](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md)

Table: Phases of the Ge–Tm system (14)

| Phase | Structure | Basis | Stability (calculated) | Literature values | TDB models |
|---|---|---|---|---:|---:|
| [DIAMOND_A4](#phase-ge-tm-a4-diamond); _phase:ge-tm:a4-diamond_ | C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1211.4 K, x(Tm) 0–0 | 2 | 1 |
| [BCC_A2](#phase-ge-tm-bcc-a2); _phase:ge-tm:bcc-a2_ | W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 1 |
| [FCC_A1](#phase-ge-tm-fcc-a1); _phase:ge-tm:fcc-a1_ | Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 1 |
| [GE10TM11](#phase-ge-tm-ge10tm11); _phase:ge-tm:ge10tm11_ | Ge10Ho11 · tI84 · I4/mmm (139) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1987.05 K, x(Tm) 0.52381–0.52381 | 6 | 1 |
| [GE20TM9_C49](#phase-ge-tm-ge20tm9-c49); _phase:ge-tm:ge20tm9-c49_ |  | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1151.58 K, x(Tm) 0.31034–0.31034 | 4 | 1 |
| [GE2TM_HT](#phase-ge-tm-ge2tm-ht); _phase:ge-tm:ge2tm-ht_ |  | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1230.28–1312.81 K, x(Tm) 0.35606–0.35657 | 6 | 1 |
| [GE2TM_LT](#phase-ge-tm-ge2tm-lt); _phase:ge-tm:ge2tm-lt_ |  | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1289.02 K, x(Tm) 0.34534–0.35714 | 6 | 1 |
| [GE3TM2_C32](#phase-ge-tm-ge3tm2-c32); _phase:ge-tm:ge3tm2-c32_ |  | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1549.48 K, x(Tm) 0.4–0.4 | 6 | 1 |
| [GE3TM5_D88](#phase-ge-tm-ge3tm5-d88); _phase:ge-tm:ge3tm5-d88_ | Mn5Si3 · D8_8 · hP16 · P6_3/mcm (193) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2232.7 K, x(Tm) 0.625–0.625 | 6 | 1 |
| [GE4TM5](#phase-ge-tm-ge4tm5); _phase:ge-tm:ge4tm5_ | Ge4Sm5 · oP36 · Pnma (62) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2048.93 K, x(Tm) 0.55556–0.55556 | 4 | 1 |
| [GE5TM4](#phase-ge-tm-ge5tm4); _phase:ge-tm:ge5tm4_ | Er3Ge4 · oC28 · Cmcm (63) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1633.05 K, x(Tm) 0.44444–0.44444 | 6 | 1 |
| [GETM_B33](#phase-ge-tm-getm-b33); _phase:ge-tm:getm-b33_ | CrB · B33 · oC8 · Cmcm (63) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1653.75 K, x(Tm) 0.5–0.5 | 2 | 1 |
| [HCP_A3](#phase-ge-tm-hcp-a3); _phase:ge-tm:hcp-a3_ | Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2499.25 K, x(Tm) 1–1 | 4 | 1 |
| [LIQUID](#phase-ge-tm-liquid); _phase:ge-tm:liquid_ | liquid | liquid | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1139.38–2500 K, x(Tm) 0–1 | 23 | 1 |

## DIAMOND_A4 (Ge–Tm)

- Id: `phase:ge-tm:a4-diamond`; status `assigned`
- Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type `st:a4-c-diamond-cf8`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stoichiometry: Ge 1.0000
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1211.4 K, x(Tm) 0–0
- Literature: 2 values (2 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-tm:a4-diamond)

Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-tm:a4-diamond, corpus:phase:ge-tm:diamond-a4  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4:Ge  
_tdb: _tdb:GeTm-18Ach.tdb:DIAMOND_A4  


### TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GeTm-18Ach.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeTm-18Ach.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `cf2c9efc4eebb4d7…`

~~~~text
43: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
44: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : GE : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4) Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Hassan Azza, Najim Selhaoui, Thermodynamic modeling of the thulium–germanium binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 131, 2699-2707 (2018).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0) Mohamed Idbenali, Colette Servant, Thermodynamic optimization of the germanium–yttrium system, J Therm Anal Calorim 111, 911-916 (2013).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## BCC_A2 (Ge–Tm)

- Id: `phase:ge-tm:bcc-a2`; status `assigned`
- Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type `st:a2-w-ci2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stoichiometry: Ge 1.0000
- Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-tm:bcc-a2)

Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-tm:bcc-a2  
_tdb: _tdb:GeTm-18Ach.tdb:BCC_A2  


### TDB models of BCC_A2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GeTm-18Ach.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeTm-18Ach.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `cf2c9efc4eebb4d7…`

~~~~text
33: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
34: CONST BCC_A2 : GE : VA : !
~~~~

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4) Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Hassan Azza, Najim Selhaoui, Thermodynamic modeling of the thulium–germanium binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 131, 2699-2707 (2018).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## FCC_A1 (Ge–Tm)

- Id: `phase:ge-tm:fcc-a1`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type `st:a1-cu-cf4`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stoichiometry: Ge 1.0000
- Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-tm:fcc-a1)

Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-tm:fcc-a1  
_tdb: _tdb:GeTm-18Ach.tdb:FCC_A1  


### TDB models of FCC_A1 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GeTm-18Ach.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeTm-18Ach.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `cf2c9efc4eebb4d7…`

~~~~text
28: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
29: CONST FCC_A1 : GE : VA : !
~~~~

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4) Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Hassan Azza, Najim Selhaoui, Thermodynamic modeling of the thulium–germanium binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 131, 2699-2707 (2018).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## GE10TM11 (Ge–Tm)

- Id: `phase:ge-tm:ge10tm11`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Ge10Ho11 · tI84 · I4/mmm (139); type `st:ge10ho11-ti84`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.4762, Tm 0.5238
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1987.05 K, x(Tm) 0.52381–0.52381
- Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-tm:ge10tm11)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-tm:ge10tm11  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4:Tm11Ge10  
_tdb: _tdb:GeTm-18Ach.tdb:GE10TM11  


### TDB models of GE10TM11 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GeTm-18Ach.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeTm-18Ach.tdb): GE10TM11, type code %, sha256 `cf2c9efc4eebb4d7…`

~~~~text
78: PHASE GE10TM11 % 2 10 11 !
79: CONST GE10TM11 : GE : TM : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4) Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Hassan Azza, Najim Selhaoui, Thermodynamic modeling of the thulium–germanium binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 131, 2699-2707 (2018).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0) Mohamed Idbenali, Colette Servant, Thermodynamic optimization of the germanium–yttrium system, J Therm Anal Calorim 111, 911-916 (2013).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## GE20TM9_C49 (Ge–Tm)

- Id: `phase:ge-tm:ge20tm9-c49`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_blocked_by:stoichiometry_contradicts_C49; stoichiometry_contradicts_C49:GeTm-18Ach.tdb
- Candidate (literature_printed): Si2Zr · oC12 — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (name_token): ZrSi2 · C49 · oC12 · Cmcm (63) — Strukturbericht/word 'C49' in the TDB name
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): ZrSi2 · C49 · oC12 · Cmcm (63) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GE20TM9_C49: Ge2Tm0.9
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Si2Zr · oC12 · Cmcm — GeTm-18Ach.tdb: 'Prototype Si2Zr (oC12, Cmcm)'
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.6897, Tm 0.3103
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1151.58 K, x(Tm) 0.31034–0.31034
- Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-tm:ge20tm9-c49)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-tm:ge20tm9-c49  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4:Tm0.9Ge2  
_tdb: _tdb:GeTm-18Ach.tdb:GE20TM9_C49  


### TDB models of GE20TM9_C49 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GeTm-18Ach.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeTm-18Ach.tdb): GE20TM9_C49, type code %, sha256 `cf2c9efc4eebb4d7…`

~~~~text
48: PHASE GE20TM9_C49 % 2 2 0.9 !
49: CONST GE20TM9_C49 : GE : TM : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4) Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Hassan Azza, Najim Selhaoui, Thermodynamic modeling of the thulium–germanium binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 131, 2699-2707 (2018).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0) Mohamed Idbenali, Colette Servant, Thermodynamic optimization of the germanium–yttrium system, J Therm Anal Calorim 111, 911-916 (2013).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## GE2TM_HT (Ge–Tm)

- Id: `phase:ge-tm:ge2tm-ht`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_compound_differs_from_site_ratios; no_structure_token; off_stoichiometric_model
- Candidate (literature_printed): Ge1.9Tm · oP20 — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): Ge1.9Tm · oP20 · Pmma (51) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GE2TM_HT: Ge2Tm (high T)
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Ge1.9Tm · oP20 · Pmma, 51 — GeTm-18Ach.tdb: 'Prototype Ge1.9Tm (oP20, Pmma, 51)'
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1230.28–1312.81 K, x(Tm) 0.35606–0.35657
- Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-tm:ge2tm-ht)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-tm:ge2tm-ht  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4:TmGe1.8_HT  
_tdb: _tdb:GeTm-18Ach.tdb:GE2TM_HT  


### TDB models of GE2TM_HT (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GeTm-18Ach.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeTm-18Ach.tdb): GE2TM_HT, type code %, sha256 `cf2c9efc4eebb4d7…`

~~~~text
58: PHASE GE2TM_HT % 2 1.8 1 !
59: CONST GE2TM_HT : GE : GE TM% : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4) Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Hassan Azza, Najim Selhaoui, Thermodynamic modeling of the thulium–germanium binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 131, 2699-2707 (2018).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0) Mohamed Idbenali, Colette Servant, Thermodynamic optimization of the germanium–yttrium system, J Therm Anal Calorim 111, 911-916 (2013).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## GE2TM_LT (Ge–Tm)

- Id: `phase:ge-tm:ge2tm-lt`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_compound_differs_from_site_ratios; no_structure_token; off_stoichiometric_model
- Candidate (literature_printed): DyGe2 · oC24 — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): DyGe2 · oC24 · Cmc2_1 (36) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GE2TM_LT: Ge2Tm (low T)
- Candidate (tdb_comment): DyGe2 · oC24 · Cmc2_1 — GeTm-18Ach.tdb: 'Prototype DyGe2 (oC24, Cmc2_1)'
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1289.02 K, x(Tm) 0.34534–0.35714
- Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-tm:ge2tm-lt)

Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-tm:ge2tm-lt  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4:Tm5Ge9_LT, paper:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4:TmGe1.8_LT  
_tdb: _tdb:GeTm-18Ach.tdb:GE2TM_LT  


### TDB models of GE2TM_LT (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GeTm-18Ach.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeTm-18Ach.tdb): GE2TM_LT, type code %, sha256 `cf2c9efc4eebb4d7…`

~~~~text
53: PHASE GE2TM_LT % 2 1.8 1 !
54: CONST GE2TM_LT : GE : GE TM% : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4) Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Hassan Azza, Najim Selhaoui, Thermodynamic modeling of the thulium–germanium binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 131, 2699-2707 (2018).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0) Mohamed Idbenali, Colette Servant, Thermodynamic optimization of the germanium–yttrium system, J Therm Anal Calorim 111, 911-916 (2013).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## GE3TM2_C32 (Ge–Tm)

- Id: `phase:ge-tm:ge3tm2-c32`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_blocked_by:stoichiometry_contradicts_C32; stoichiometry_contradicts_C32:GeTm-18Ach.tdb
- Candidate (literature_printed): AlB2 · hP3 — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (name_token): AlB2 · C32 · hP3 · P6/mmm (191) — Strukturbericht/word 'C32' in the TDB name
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): AlB2 · C32 · hP3 · P6/mmm (191) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for GE3TM2_C32: Ge3Tm2
- Candidate (tdb_comment): AlB2 · hP3 · P6/mmm — GeTm-18Ach.tdb: 'Prototype AlB2 (hP3, P6/mmm)'
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.6000, Tm 0.4000
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1549.48 K, x(Tm) 0.4–0.4
- Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-tm:ge3tm2-c32)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-tm:ge3tm2-c32  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4:TmGe1.5  
_tdb: _tdb:GeTm-18Ach.tdb:GE3TM2_C32  


### TDB models of GE3TM2_C32 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GeTm-18Ach.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeTm-18Ach.tdb): GE3TM2_C32, type code %, sha256 `cf2c9efc4eebb4d7…`

~~~~text
63: PHASE GE3TM2_C32 % 2 3 2 !
64: CONST GE3TM2_C32 : GE : TM : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4) Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Hassan Azza, Najim Selhaoui, Thermodynamic modeling of the thulium–germanium binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 131, 2699-2707 (2018).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0) Mohamed Idbenali, Colette Servant, Thermodynamic optimization of the germanium–yttrium system, J Therm Anal Calorim 111, 911-916 (2013).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## GE3TM5_D88 (Ge–Tm)

- Id: `phase:ge-tm:ge3tm5-d88`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Mn5Si3 · D8_8 · hP16 · P6_3/mcm (193); type `st:d8-8-mn5si3-hp16`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaacppwg and oqmd-30501, space group 193
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.3750, Tm 0.6250
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2232.7 K, x(Tm) 0.625–0.625
- Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-tm:ge3tm5-d88)

Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-tm:ge3tm5-d88  
_mp: _mp:mp-aaacppwg  
_oqmd: _oqmd:oqmd-30501  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4:Tm5Ge3  
_tdb: _tdb:GeTm-18Ach.tdb:GE3TM5_D88  


### TDB models of GE3TM5_D88 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GeTm-18Ach.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeTm-18Ach.tdb): GE3TM5_D88, type code %, sha256 `cf2c9efc4eebb4d7…`

~~~~text
88: PHASE GE3TM5_D88 % 2 3 5 !
89: CONST GE3TM5_D88 : GE : TM : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4) Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Hassan Azza, Najim Selhaoui, Thermodynamic modeling of the thulium–germanium binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 131, 2699-2707 (2018).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0) Mohamed Idbenali, Colette Servant, Thermodynamic optimization of the germanium–yttrium system, J Therm Anal Calorim 111, 911-916 (2013).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## GE4TM5 (Ge–Tm)

- Id: `phase:ge-tm:ge4tm5`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Ge4Sm5 · oP36 · Pnma (62); type `st:ge4sm5-op36`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (dft_space_group_62_matches_2_structure_types, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.4444, Tm 0.5556
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2048.93 K, x(Tm) 0.55556–0.55556
- Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-tm:ge4tm5)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-tm:ge4tm5  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4:Tm5Ge4  
_tdb: _tdb:GeTm-18Ach.tdb:GE4TM5  


### TDB models of GE4TM5 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GeTm-18Ach.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeTm-18Ach.tdb): GE4TM5, type code %, sha256 `cf2c9efc4eebb4d7…`

~~~~text
83: PHASE GE4TM5 % 2 4 5 !
84: CONST GE4TM5 : GE : TM : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4) Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Hassan Azza, Najim Selhaoui, Thermodynamic modeling of the thulium–germanium binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 131, 2699-2707 (2018).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0) Mohamed Idbenali, Colette Servant, Thermodynamic optimization of the germanium–yttrium system, J Therm Anal Calorim 111, 911-916 (2013).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## GE5TM4 (Ge–Tm)

- Id: `phase:ge-tm:ge5tm4`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Er3Ge4 · oC28 · Cmcm (63); type `st:er3ge4-oc28`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.5556, Tm 0.4444
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1633.05 K, x(Tm) 0.44444–0.44444
- Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-tm:ge5tm4)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-tm:ge5tm4  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4:Tm4Ge5  
_tdb: _tdb:GeTm-18Ach.tdb:GE5TM4  


### TDB models of GE5TM4 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GeTm-18Ach.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeTm-18Ach.tdb): GE5TM4, type code %, sha256 `cf2c9efc4eebb4d7…`

~~~~text
68: PHASE GE5TM4 % 2 5 4 !
69: CONST GE5TM4 : GE : TM : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4) Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Hassan Azza, Najim Selhaoui, Thermodynamic modeling of the thulium–germanium binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 131, 2699-2707 (2018).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0) Mohamed Idbenali, Colette Servant, Thermodynamic optimization of the germanium–yttrium system, J Therm Anal Calorim 111, 911-916 (2013).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## GETM_B33 (Ge–Tm)

- Id: `phase:ge-tm:getm-b33`; status `assigned`
- Structure: CrB · B33 · oC8 · Cmcm (63); type `st:b33-crb-oc8`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaacevrr and oqmd-30502, space group 63
- Stoichiometry: Ge 0.5000, Tm 0.5000
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1653.75 K, x(Tm) 0.5–0.5
- Literature: 2 values (2 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-tm:getm-b33)

Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-tm:getm-b33  
_mp: _mp:mp-aaacevrr  
_oqmd: _oqmd:oqmd-30502  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4:TmGe  
_tdb: _tdb:GeTm-18Ach.tdb:GETM_B33  


### TDB models of GETM_B33 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GeTm-18Ach.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeTm-18Ach.tdb): GETM_B33, type code %, sha256 `cf2c9efc4eebb4d7…`

~~~~text
73: PHASE GETM_B33 % 2 1 1 !
74: CONST GETM_B33 : GE : TM : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4) Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Hassan Azza, Najim Selhaoui, Thermodynamic modeling of the thulium–germanium binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 131, 2699-2707 (2018).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0) Mohamed Idbenali, Colette Servant, Thermodynamic optimization of the germanium–yttrium system, J Therm Anal Calorim 111, 911-916 (2013).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## HCP_A3 (Ge–Tm)

- Id: `phase:ge-tm:hcp-a3`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type `st:a3-mg-hp2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2499.25 K, x(Tm) 1–1
- Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-tm:hcp-a3)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-tm:hcp-a3  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4:Tm  
_tdb: _tdb:GeTm-18Ach.tdb:HCP_A3  


### TDB models of HCP_A3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GeTm-18Ach.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeTm-18Ach.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %, sha256 `cf2c9efc4eebb4d7…`

~~~~text
38: PHASE HCP_A3 % 2 1 0.5 !
39: CONST HCP_A3 : GE TM% : VA : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4) Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Hassan Azza, Najim Selhaoui, Thermodynamic modeling of the thulium–germanium binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 131, 2699-2707 (2018).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0) Mohamed Idbenali, Colette Servant, Thermodynamic optimization of the germanium–yttrium system, J Therm Anal Calorim 111, 911-916 (2013).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## LIQUID (Ge–Tm)

- Id: `phase:ge-tm:liquid`; status `assigned`
- Structure: liquid; type `st:liquid`; liquid; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1139.38–2500 K, x(Tm) 0–1
- Literature: 23 values (23 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ge-tm:liquid)

Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ge-tm:liquid  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4:L, paper:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4:liquid  
_tdb: _tdb:GeTm-18Ach.tdb:LIQUID  


### TDB models of LIQUID (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[GeTm-18Ach.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/GeTm-18Ach.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `cf2c9efc4eebb4d7…`

~~~~text
23: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
24: CONST LIQUID:L : GE TM : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6820-4) Khadija Achgar, Saïd Kardellass, Hassan Azza, Najim Selhaoui, Thermodynamic modeling of the thulium–germanium binary system, J Therm Anal Calorim 131, 2699-2707 (2018).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2271-0) Mohamed Idbenali, Colette Servant, Thermodynamic optimization of the germanium–yttrium system, J Therm Anal Calorim 111, 911-916 (2013).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite the ORCHID phase registry and the sources named on the page (TDB assessments, Hallstedt 2025, Materials Project, OQMD). TDB statements are quoted as written; parameter expressions are not reproduced. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt).