# Mn–O phases > Mn–O system: 16 phases (tier A 9, tier C 2, liquid 2, gas 2, needs_review 1); 15 stable in a calculated diagram in the ORCHID phase registry, with names, structure type when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules, calculated stability, verbatim TDB PHASE/CONSTITUENT statements and example references. HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/MN-O.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/MN-O.md 16 phases (tier A 9, tier C 2, liquid 2, gas 2, needs_review 1); 15 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model). Data: [interactive registry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/?q=MN-O) · [full JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/systems/MN-O.json) · [Mn–O system page](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/MN-O.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/MN-O.md) · [field reference](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md) Table: Phases of the Mn–O system (16) | Phase | Structure | Basis | Stability (calculated) | Literature values | TDB models | |---|---|---|---|---:|---:| | [B1_OXIDE](#phase-mn-o-b1-oxide); _phase:mn-o:b1-oxide_ | NaCl · B1 · cF8 · Fm-3m (225) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–2123.45 K, x(O) 0.5–0.53321 | 80 | 2 | | [BCC_A2](#phase-mn-o-bcc-a2); _phase:mn-o:bcc-a2_ | W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1411.01–1518.46 K, x(O) 0–0 | 5 | 2 | | [CBCC_A12](#phase-mn-o-cbcc-a12); _phase:mn-o:cbcc-a12_ | alpha-Mn · A12 · cI58 · I-43m (217) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–980 K, x(O) 0–0 | 7 | 2 | | [CUB_A13](#phase-mn-o-cub-a13); _phase:mn-o:cub-a13_ | beta-Mn · A13 · cP20 · P4_132 (213) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 980–1359.99 K, x(O) 0–0 | 9 | 2 | | [FCC_A1](#phase-mn-o-fcc-a1); _phase:mn-o:fcc-a1_ | Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1359.99–1503.51 K, x(O) 0–0 | 5 | 2 | | [GAS](#phase-mn-o-gas); _phase:mn-o:gas_ | gas | gas | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1158.26–2500 K, x(O) 0–1 | 0 | 2 | | [SPINEL_H11](#phase-mn-o-h11-spinel); _phase:mn-o:h11-spinel_ | Al2MgO4 · H1_1 · cF56 · Fd-3m (227) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1408.45–1878.72 K, x(O) 0.57123–0.5716 | 0 | 1 | | [HCP_A3](#phase-mn-o-hcp-a3); _phase:mn-o:hcp-a3_ | Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 2 | | [ION](#phase-mn-o-ion); _phase:mn-o:ion_ | liquid | liquid | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1518.46–2500 K, x(O) 0–0.55266 | 0 | 2 | | [LIQUID](#phase-mn-o-liquid); _phase:mn-o:liquid_ | liquid | liquid | stable in 1 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1503.51–1503.51 K, x(O) 0–0 | 35 | 2 | | [MN2O3_D53](#phase-mn-o-mn2o3-d53); _phase:mn-o:mn2o3-d53_ | Mn2O3 · D5_3 · cI80 · Ia-3 (206) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1237.26 K, x(O) 0.6–0.6 | 55 | 2 | | [MN3O4_A](#phase-mn-o-mn3o4-a); _phase:mn-o:mn3o4-a_ | | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1505 K, x(O) 0.57128–0.57161 | 0 | 1 | | [MN3O4_ALPHA](#phase-mn-o-mn3o4-alpha); _phase:mn-o:mn3o4-alpha_ | Mn3O4 · tI28 · I4_1/amd (141) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1442.97 K, x(O) 0.57143–0.57143 | 45 | 1 | | [MN3O4_H11](#phase-mn-o-mn3o4-h11); _phase:mn-o:mn3o4-h11_ | Al2MgO4 · H1_1 · cF56 · Fd-3m (227) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1442.97–1882.41 K, x(O) 0.57143–0.57143 | 38 | 1 | | [MNO2_C4](#phase-mn-o-mno2-c4); _phase:mn-o:mno2-c4_ | TiO2 · C4 · tP6 · P4_2/mnm (136) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–485 K, x(O) 0.66667–0.66667 | 50 | 2 | | [O2GAS](#phase-mn-o-o2gas); _phase:mn-o:o2gas_ | gas | gas | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–485 K, x(O) 1–1 | 0 | 2 | ## B1_OXIDE (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:b1-oxide`; status `assigned` - Structure: NaCl · B1 · cF8 · Fm-3m (225); type `st:b1-nacl-cf8`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–2123.45 K, x(O) 0.5–0.53321 - Literature: 80 values (80 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:b1-oxide) Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:b1-oxide _paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:MnO _tdb: _tdb:MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb:B1_OXIDE, tdb:MnO-10Kje.tdb:B1_OXIDE ### TDB models of B1_OXIDE (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb): B1_OXIDE, type code %, sha256 `2f59cdf668abb9e9…` ~~~~text 84: PHASE B1_OXIDE:I % 2 1 1 ! 85: CONST B1_OXIDE:I : MN+2% MN+3 VA : O-2 : ! ~~~~ [MnO-10Kje.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-10Kje.tdb): B1_OXIDE, type code %, sha256 `bd1f5b2a6c1bd76e…` ~~~~text 78: PHASE B1_OXIDE:I % 2 1 1 ! 79: CONST B1_OXIDE:I : MN+2% MN+3 VA : O-2 : ! ~~~~ Example references (10 of 13; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6) A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6) Lina Kjellqvist, Malin Selleby, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 113-134 (2010). _assessment that models this phase_ - [doi:10.1016/0013-4686(67)85035-7](https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686%2867%2985035-7) C.B. Alcock, S. Zador, Thermodynamic study of the manganese/ manganous-oxide system by the use of solid oxide electrolytes, Electrochimica Acta 12, 673-677 (1967). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1149/1.2411434](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2411434) G. G. Charette, S. N. Flengas, Thermodynamic Properties of the Oxides of Fe, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Mn, by EMF Measurements, J. Electrochem. Soc. 115, 796 (1968). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1149/1.2426584](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2426584) A. Z. Hed, D. S. Tannhauser, Contribution to the Mn-O Phase Diagram at High Temperature, J. Electrochem. Soc. 114, 314 (1967). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/srin.196904332](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.196904332) Norbert G. Schmahl, Detlev F. K. Hennings, Das Zustandsdiagramm Mn\3\ O\4\ -MnO und die in ihm auftretenden Zersetzungsdrücke, Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen 40, 395-399 (1969). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.2475/ajs.258.1.66](https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.258.1.66) W. C. Hahn, A. Muan, Studies in the system Mn-O--The Mn 2 O 3 -Mn 3 O 4 and Mn 3 O 4 -MnO equilibria, American Journal of Science 258, 66-78 (1960). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/srin.196402318](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.196402318) Hermann Schenck, Martin G. Frohberg, Reginald Nünninghoff, Das System MnO(–FeO)–MgO(–CaO) und seine Verteilungsgleichgewichte mit flüssigem Mangan und Eisen‐Mangan‐Legierungen, Steel Research Intl 35, 269-277 (1964). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/srin.198405356](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.198405356) Eberhard Schürmann, Norbert Bannenberg, Metall-Schlackengleichgewichte im System Eisen-Mangan-Schwefel-Sauerstoff als Grundlage der Mangandesoxidation von Stahlschmelzen bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit von Schwefel, Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen 55, 349-358 (1984). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/bf01046534](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01046534) H.S. O’Neill and M.I. Pownceby: “Thermodynamic Data From the Redox Reactions at High Temperatures. I. An Experimental and Theoretical Assessment of the Electrochemical Method Using Stabilized Zirconia Electrolytes, With Revised Values for the Fe-⬘FeO⬘, Co-CoO, Ni-NiO and Cu-Cu2O Oxygen Buffers and New Data for the W-WO2 Buffer,” Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 1993, 114, pp. 296-314. _cited as the source of values for this phase_ ## BCC_A2 (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:bcc-a2`; status `assigned` - Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type `st:a2-w-ci2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1411.01–1518.46 K, x(O) 0–0 - Literature: 5 values (5 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:bcc-a2) Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:bcc-a2 _paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:δ-Mn _tdb: _tdb:MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:MnO-10Kje.tdb:BCC_A2 ### TDB models of BCC_A2 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `2f59cdf668abb9e9…` ~~~~text 64: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 ! 65: CONST BCC_A2 : MN : O VA : ! ~~~~ [MnO-10Kje.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-10Kje.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `bd1f5b2a6c1bd76e…` ~~~~text 57: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 ! 58: CONST BCC_A2 : MN : VA : ! ~~~~ Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6) A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6) Lina Kjellqvist, Malin Selleby, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 113-134 (2010). _assessment that models this phase_ ## CBCC_A12 (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:cbcc-a12`; status `assigned` - Structure: alpha-Mn · A12 · cI58 · I-43m (217); type `st:a12-alpha-mn-ci58`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stoichiometry: Mn 1.0000 - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–980 K, x(O) 0–0 - Literature: 7 values (7 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:cbcc-a12) Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:cbcc-a12 _paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:Mn, paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:α-Mn _tdb: _tdb:MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb:CBCC_A12, tdb:MnO-10Kje.tdb:CBCC_A12 ### TDB models of CBCC_A12 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb): CBCC_A12, type code %A, sha256 `2f59cdf668abb9e9…` ~~~~text 74: PHASE CBCC_A12 %A 2 1 1 ! 75: CONST CBCC_A12 : MN : VA : ! ~~~~ [MnO-10Kje.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-10Kje.tdb): CBCC_A12, type code %A, sha256 `bd1f5b2a6c1bd76e…` ~~~~text 67: PHASE CBCC_A12 %A 2 1 1 ! 68: CONST CBCC_A12 : MN : VA : ! ~~~~ Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6) A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6) Lina Kjellqvist, Malin Selleby, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 113-134 (2010). _assessment that models this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/srin.196402318](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.196402318) Hermann Schenck, Martin G. Frohberg, Reginald Nünninghoff, Das System MnO(–FeO)–MgO(–CaO) und seine Verteilungsgleichgewichte mit flüssigem Mangan und Eisen‐Mangan‐Legierungen, Steel Research Intl 35, 269-277 (1964). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ ## CUB_A13 (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:cub-a13`; status `assigned` - Structure: beta-Mn · A13 · cP20 · P4_132 (213); type `st:a13-beta-mn-cp20`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stoichiometry: Mn 1.0000 - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 980–1359.99 K, x(O) 0–0 - Literature: 9 values (9 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:cub-a13) Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:cub-a13 _paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:β-, γ-, δ-Mn, paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:β-Mn _tdb: _tdb:MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb:CUB_A13, tdb:MnO-10Kje.tdb:CUB_A13 ### TDB models of CUB_A13 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb): CUB_A13, type code %, sha256 `2f59cdf668abb9e9…` ~~~~text 79: PHASE CUB_A13 % 2 1 1 ! 80: CONST CUB_A13 : MN : VA : ! ~~~~ [MnO-10Kje.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-10Kje.tdb): CUB_A13, type code %, sha256 `bd1f5b2a6c1bd76e…` ~~~~text 72: PHASE CUB_A13 % 2 1 1 ! 73: CONST CUB_A13 : MN : VA : ! ~~~~ Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6) A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6) Lina Kjellqvist, Malin Selleby, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 113-134 (2010). _assessment that models this phase_ - [doi:10.1016/0013-4686(67)85035-7](https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686%2867%2985035-7) C.B. Alcock, S. Zador, Thermodynamic study of the manganese/ manganous-oxide system by the use of solid oxide electrolytes, Electrochimica Acta 12, 673-677 (1967). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ ## FCC_A1 (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:fcc-a1`; status `assigned` - Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type `st:a1-cu-cf4`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stoichiometry: Mn 1.0000 - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1359.99–1503.51 K, x(O) 0–0 - Literature: 5 values (5 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:fcc-a1) Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:fcc-a1 _paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:γ-Mn _tdb: _tdb:MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:MnO-10Kje.tdb:FCC_A1 ### TDB models of FCC_A1 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `2f59cdf668abb9e9…` ~~~~text 59: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 ! 60: CONST FCC_A1 : MN : VA : ! ~~~~ [MnO-10Kje.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-10Kje.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `bd1f5b2a6c1bd76e…` ~~~~text 52: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 ! 53: CONST FCC_A1 : MN : VA : ! ~~~~ Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6) A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6) Lina Kjellqvist, Malin Selleby, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 113-134 (2010). _assessment that models this phase_ ## GAS (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:gas`; status `assigned` - Structure: gas; type `st:gas`; gas; confidence high - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1158.26–2500 K, x(O) 0–1 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:gas) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:gas _tdb: _tdb:MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb:GAS, tdb:MnO-10Kje.tdb:GAS ### TDB models of GAS (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb): GAS, type code %, sha256 `2f59cdf668abb9e9…` ~~~~text 111: PHASE GAS:G % 1 1 ! 112: CONST GAS:G : MN MNO MNO2 O O2 O3 : ! ~~~~ [MnO-10Kje.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-10Kje.tdb): GAS, type code %, sha256 `bd1f5b2a6c1bd76e…` ~~~~text 110: PHASE GAS:G % 1 1 ! 111: CONST GAS:G : MN MNO MNO2 O O2 O3 : ! ~~~~ Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6) A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). _assessment that models this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6) Lina Kjellqvist, Malin Selleby, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 113-134 (2010). _assessment that models this phase_ ## SPINEL_H11 (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:h11-spinel`; status `assigned` - Structure: Al2MgO4 · H1_1 · cF56 · Fd-3m (227); type `st:h1-1-al2mgo4-cf56`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated - Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833) - Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (unrecognised_name_tokens:SPINEL); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1408.45–1878.72 K, x(O) 0.57123–0.5716 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:h11-spinel) Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:h11-spinel _tdb: _tdb:MnO-10Kje.tdb:SPINEL_H11 ### TDB models of SPINEL_H11 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-10Kje.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-10Kje.tdb): SPINEL_H11, type code %A, sha256 `bd1f5b2a6c1bd76e…` ~~~~text 104: PHASE SPINEL_H11:I %A 4 1 2 2 4 ! 105: CONST SPINEL_H11:I : MN+2 : MN+2 MN+3 MN+4 VA : MN+2 VA% : O-2 : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6) Lina Kjellqvist, Malin Selleby, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 113-134 (2010). _assessment that models this phase_ ## HCP_A3 (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:hcp-a3`; status `assigned` - Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type `st:a3-mg-hp2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stoichiometry: Mn 1.0000 - Stability: not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s) - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:hcp-a3) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:hcp-a3 _tdb: _tdb:MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:MnO-10Kje.tdb:HCP_A3 ### TDB models of HCP_A3 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `2f59cdf668abb9e9…` ~~~~text 69: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 ! 70: CONST HCP_A3 : MN : VA : ! ~~~~ [MnO-10Kje.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-10Kje.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `bd1f5b2a6c1bd76e…` ~~~~text 62: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 ! 63: CONST HCP_A3 : MN : VA : ! ~~~~ Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6) A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). _assessment that models this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6) Lina Kjellqvist, Malin Selleby, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 113-134 (2010). _assessment that models this phase_ ## ION (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:ion`; status `assigned` - Structure: liquid; type `st:liquid`; liquid; confidence high - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1518.46–2500 K, x(O) 0–0.55266 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:ion) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:ion _tdb: _tdb:MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb:ION, tdb:MnO-10Kje.tdb:ION ### TDB models of ION (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb): ION, type code %, sha256 `2f59cdf668abb9e9…` ~~~~text 54: PHASE ION:Y % 2 1 1 ! 55: CONST ION:Y : MN+2 MN+3 : O-2 VA : ! ~~~~ [MnO-10Kje.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-10Kje.tdb): ION, type code %, sha256 `bd1f5b2a6c1bd76e…` ~~~~text 47: PHASE ION:Y % 2 1 1 ! 48: CONST ION:Y : MN+2 : O-2 VA MNO1.5 : ! ~~~~ Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6) A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). _assessment that models this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6) Lina Kjellqvist, Malin Selleby, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 113-134 (2010). _assessment that models this phase_ ## LIQUID (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:liquid`; status `assigned` - Structure: liquid; type `st:liquid`; liquid; confidence high - Stoichiometry: Mn 1.0000 - Stability: stable in 1 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 1503.51–1503.51 K, x(O) 0–0 - Literature: 35 values (35 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:liquid) Names (8): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:liquid _paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:L1, paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:L2, paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:Liq, paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:Liquid, paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:liquid _tdb: _tdb:MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:MnO-10Kje.tdb:LIQUID ### TDB models of LIQUID (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `2f59cdf668abb9e9…` ~~~~text 51: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 ! 52: CONST LIQUID:L : MN : ! ~~~~ [MnO-10Kje.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-10Kje.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `bd1f5b2a6c1bd76e…` ~~~~text 44: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 ! 45: CONST LIQUID:L : MN : ! ~~~~ Example references (10 of 11; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6) A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6) Lina Kjellqvist, Malin Selleby, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 113-134 (2010). _assessment that models this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/srin.196402318](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.196402318) Hermann Schenck, Martin G. Frohberg, Reginald Nünninghoff, Das System MnO(–FeO)–MgO(–CaO) und seine Verteilungsgleichgewichte mit flüssigem Mangan und Eisen‐Mangan‐Legierungen, Steel Research Intl 35, 269-277 (1964). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/srin.198405356](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.198405356) Eberhard Schürmann, Norbert Bannenberg, Metall-Schlackengleichgewichte im System Eisen-Mangan-Schwefel-Sauerstoff als Grundlage der Mangandesoxidation von Stahlschmelzen bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit von Schwefel, Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen 55, 349-358 (1984). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1149/1.2426584](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2426584) A. Z. Hed, D. S. Tannhauser, Contribution to the Mn-O Phase Diagram at High Temperature, J. Electrochem. Soc. 114, 314 (1967). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/srin.196904332](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.196904332) Norbert G. Schmahl, Detlev F. K. Hennings, Das Zustandsdiagramm Mn\3\ O\4\ -MnO und die in ihm auftretenden Zersetzungsdrücke, Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen 40, 395-399 (1969). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.2475/ajs.258.1.66](https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.258.1.66) W. C. Hahn, A. Muan, Studies in the system Mn-O--The Mn 2 O 3 -Mn 3 O 4 and Mn 3 O 4 -MnO equilibria, American Journal of Science 258, 66-78 (1960). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/srin.195702172](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.195702172) Hermann Schenck, Norbert G. Schmahl, A. K. Biswas, Untersuchungen über das Zustandsschaubild Eisen(II)-oxyd-Mangan(II)-oxyd und seine Beziehung zur Desoxydation von reinem Eisen mit Mangan, Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen 28, 517-521 (1957). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/srin.196103182](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.196103182) Wilhelm Anton Fischer, Hans Joachim Fleischer, Die Manganverteilung zwischen Eisenschmelzen und Eisen(II)‐oxydschlacken im MnO‐Tiegel bei 1520 bis 1770°C, Steel Research Intl 32, 1-10 (1961). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(91)90030-n](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2891%2990030-n) A.T. Dinsdale, SGTE data for pure elements, Calphad 15, 317-425 (1991). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ ## MN2O3_D53 (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:mn2o3-d53`; status `assigned` - Structure: Mn2O3 · D5_3 · cI80 · Ia-3 (206); type `st:d5-3-mn2o3-ci80`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1237.26 K, x(O) 0.6–0.6 - Literature: 55 values (45 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:mn2o3-d53) Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:mn2o3-d53 _paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:Mn2O3 _tdb: _tdb:MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb:MN2O3_D53, tdb:MnO-10Kje.tdb:MN2O3_D53 ### TDB models of MN2O3_D53 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb): MN2O3_D53, type code %, sha256 `2f59cdf668abb9e9…` ~~~~text 100: PHASE MN2O3_D53:I % 2 2 3 ! 101: CONST MN2O3_D53:I : MN+3 : O-2 : ! ~~~~ [MnO-10Kje.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-10Kje.tdb): MN2O3_D53, type code %, sha256 `bd1f5b2a6c1bd76e…` ~~~~text 92: PHASE MN2O3_D53:I % 2 2 3 ! 93: CONST MN2O3_D53:I : MN+3 : O-2 : ! ~~~~ Example references (10 of 16; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6) A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6) Lina Kjellqvist, Malin Selleby, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 113-134 (2010). _assessment that models this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/zaac.19080570105](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19080570105) R. J. Meyer, Kurt Rötgers, Die Dissoziationstemperaturen der Manganoxyde MnO\2\ und Mn\2\O\3\ in Luft und Sauerstoff, Z. Anorg. Chem. 57, 104-112 (1908). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1149/1.2423551](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2423551) Earl M. Otto, Equilibrium Pressures of Oxygen over MnO\[sub 2\]-Mn\[sub 2\]O\[sub 3\] at Various Temperatures, J. Electrochem. Soc. 112, 367 (1965). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1021/cr60256a003](https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60256a003) T. A. Zordan, Loren G. Hepler, Thermochemistry and oxidation potentials of manganese and its compounds, Chem. Rev. 68, 737-745 (1968). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1179/cmq.1967.6.1.71](https://doi.org/10.1179/cmq.1967.6.1.71) K. Hochgeschwender, T .R. Ingraham, Use of Thermal Conductivity Gas Analysis for Thermodynamic Measurements on the Dissociation of CuO, Mn\2\O\3\and MnO\2\, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 6, 71-84 (1967). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.6028/jres.041.046](https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.041.046) Howard F. McMurdie, Esther Golovato, Study of the modifications of manganese dioxide, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. 41, 589 (1948). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/srin.194001311](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.194001311) Hermann Ulich, Hans Siemonsen, Beitrag zur Metallurgie des Mangans durch thermochemische Messungen und Gleichgewichtsberechnungen, Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen 14, 27-34 (1940). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/srin.196304016](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.196304016) Norbert G. Schmahl, Fayek Shenouda, Die thermische Zersetzung des Mangan(III)‐oxyds (Mn\2\O\3\), Steel Research Intl 34, 511-518 (1963). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1016/0021-9614(85)90069-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614%2885%2990069-2) Richard A. Robie, Bruce S. Hemingway, Low-temperature molar heat capacities and entropies of MnO2 (pyrolusite), Mn3O4 (hausmanite), and Mn2O3 (bixbyite), The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 17, 165-181 (1985). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ ## MN3O4_A (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:mn3o4-a`; status `needs_review` - No structure assigned. Why: name_has_descriptive_tokens:A; no_structure_token - Candidate (dft_mp): I4_1/amd (141) — on-hull MP Mn3O4 at x(O)=0.5714 - Candidate (dft_oqmd): I41/amd (141) — on-hull OQMD Mn3 O4 at x(O)=0.5714 - Candidate (tdb_comment): Mn3O4 · tI28 · I4_1/amd, tetragonally distorted (Jahn-Teller — MnO-10Kje.tdb: 'Prototype Mn3O4 (tI28, I4_1/amd, tetragonally distorted (Jahn-Teller) spinel)' - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1505 K, x(O) 0.57128–0.57161 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:mn3o4-a) Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:mn3o4-a _tdb: _tdb:MnO-10Kje.tdb:MN3O4_A ### TDB models of MN3O4_A (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-10Kje.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-10Kje.tdb): MN3O4_A, type code %A, sha256 `bd1f5b2a6c1bd76e…` ~~~~text 86: PHASE MN3O4_A:I %A 4 1 2 2 4 ! 87: CONST MN3O4_A:I : MN+2 MN+3 : MN+2 MN+3 VA : MN+2 VA : O-2 : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6) Lina Kjellqvist, Malin Selleby, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 113-134 (2010). _assessment that models this phase_ ## MN3O4_ALPHA (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:mn3o4-alpha`; status `assigned` - Structure: Mn3O4 · tI28 · I4_1/amd (141); type `st:mn3o4-ti28`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated - Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833) - Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_structure_token, off_stoichiometric_model); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1442.97 K, x(O) 0.57143–0.57143 - Literature: 45 values (45 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:mn3o4-alpha) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:mn3o4-alpha _paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:α-Mn3O4 _tdb: _tdb:MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb:MN3O4_ALPHA ### TDB models of MN3O4_ALPHA (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb): MN3O4_ALPHA, type code %, sha256 `2f59cdf668abb9e9…` ~~~~text 90: PHASE MN3O4_ALPHA:I % 3 1 2 4 ! 91: CONST MN3O4_ALPHA:I : MN+2 : MN+3 : O-2 : ! ~~~~ Example references (10 of 14; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6) A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1149/1.2411434](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2411434) G. G. Charette, S. N. Flengas, Thermodynamic Properties of the Oxides of Fe, Ni, Pb, Cu, and Mn, by EMF Measurements, J. Electrochem. Soc. 115, 796 (1968). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/bbpc.19850890815](https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19850890815) M. Keller, R. Dieckmann, Defect Structure and Transport Properties of Manganese Oxides: (I) The Nonstoichiometry of Manganosite (Mn\1‐Δ\O), Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 89, 883-893 (1985). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/bf01046534](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01046534) H.S. O’Neill and M.I. Pownceby: “Thermodynamic Data From the Redox Reactions at High Temperatures. I. An Experimental and Theoretical Assessment of the Electrochemical Method Using Stabilized Zirconia Electrolytes, With Revised Values for the Fe-⬘FeO⬘, Co-CoO, Ni-NiO and Cu-Cu2O Oxygen Buffers and New Data for the W-WO2 Buffer,” Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 1993, 114, pp. 296-314. _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.6028/jres.041.046](https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.041.046) Howard F. McMurdie, Esther Golovato, Study of the modifications of manganese dioxide, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. 41, 589 (1948). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/srin.196304016](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.196304016) Norbert G. Schmahl, Fayek Shenouda, Die thermische Zersetzung des Mangan(III)‐oxyds (Mn\2\O\3\), Steel Research Intl 34, 511-518 (1963). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/zaac.19080570105](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19080570105) R. J. Meyer, Kurt Rötgers, Die Dissoziationstemperaturen der Manganoxyde MnO\2\ und Mn\2\O\3\ in Luft und Sauerstoff, Z. Anorg. Chem. 57, 104-112 (1908). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/zaac.19663460310](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19663460310) A. Schmier, G. Sterr, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hausmannitphase, Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie 346, 181-187 (1966). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1016/0022-3697(62)90530-9](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697%2862%2990530-9) K.S Irani, A.P.B Sinha, A.B Biswas, Effect of temperature on the structure of manganites, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 23, 711-727 (1962). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1016/0022-4596(81)90064-5](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596%2881%2990064-5) R. Metselaar, R.E.J. Van Tol, P. Piercy, The electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of Mn3O4 at high temperatures, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 38, 335-341 (1981). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ ## MN3O4_H11 (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:mn3o4-h11`; status `assigned` - Structure: Al2MgO4 · H1_1 · cF56 · Fd-3m (227); type `st:h1-1-al2mgo4-cf56`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1442.97–1882.41 K, x(O) 0.57143–0.57143 - Literature: 38 values (38 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:mn3o4-h11) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:mn3o4-h11 _paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:β-Mn3O4 _tdb: _tdb:MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb:MN3O4_H11 ### TDB models of MN3O4_H11 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb): MN3O4_H11, type code %, sha256 `2f59cdf668abb9e9…` ~~~~text 95: PHASE MN3O4_H11:I % 3 1 2 4 ! 96: CONST MN3O4_H11:I : MN+2 : MN+3 : O-2 : ! ~~~~ Example references (10 of 11; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6) A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/srin.196904332](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.196904332) Norbert G. Schmahl, Detlev F. K. Hennings, Das Zustandsdiagramm Mn\3\ O\4\ -MnO und die in ihm auftretenden Zersetzungsdrücke, Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen 40, 395-399 (1969). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1149/1.2426584](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2426584) A. Z. Hed, D. S. Tannhauser, Contribution to the Mn-O Phase Diagram at High Temperature, J. Electrochem. Soc. 114, 314 (1967). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.2475/ajs.258.1.66](https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.258.1.66) W. C. Hahn, A. Muan, Studies in the system Mn-O--The Mn 2 O 3 -Mn 3 O 4 and Mn 3 O 4 -MnO equilibria, American Journal of Science 258, 66-78 (1960). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/bbpc.19850890815](https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19850890815) M. Keller, R. Dieckmann, Defect Structure and Transport Properties of Manganese Oxides: (I) The Nonstoichiometry of Manganosite (Mn\1‐Δ\O), Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 89, 883-893 (1985). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/zaac.19663460310](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19663460310) A. Schmier, G. Sterr, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hausmannitphase, Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie 346, 181-187 (1966). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1016/0022-3697(62)90530-9](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697%2862%2990530-9) K.S Irani, A.P.B Sinha, A.B Biswas, Effect of temperature on the structure of manganites, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 23, 711-727 (1962). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1016/0022-4596(81)90064-5](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596%2881%2990064-5) R. Metselaar, R.E.J. Van Tol, P. Piercy, The electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of Mn3O4 at high temperatures, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 38, 335-341 (1981). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1016/s0020-1693(00)93169-4](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693%2800%2993169-4) F.C.M. Driessens, Place and valence of the cations in Mn3O4 and some related manganates, Inorganica Chimica Acta 1, 193-201 (1967). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1021/ja01260a007](https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01260a007) J. C. Southard, G. E. Moore, High-temperature Heat Content of Mn\3\O\4\, MnSiO\3\ and Mn\3\C\1\, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64, 1769-1770 (1942). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ ## MNO2_C4 (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:mno2-c4`; status `assigned` - Structure: TiO2 · C4 · tP6 · P4_2/mnm (136); type `st:c4-tio2-tp6`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–485 K, x(O) 0.66667–0.66667 - Literature: 50 values (40 accepted) from 1 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:mno2-c4) Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:mno2-c4 _paper: _paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:MnO2, paper:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6:α-MnO2 _tdb: _tdb:MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb:MNO2_C4, tdb:MnO-10Kje.tdb:MNO2_C4 ### TDB models of MNO2_C4 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb): MNO2_C4, type code %, sha256 `2f59cdf668abb9e9…` ~~~~text 105: PHASE MNO2_C4:I % 2 1 2 ! 106: CONST MNO2_C4:I : MN+4 : O-2 : ! ~~~~ [MnO-10Kje.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-10Kje.tdb): MNO2_C4, type code %, sha256 `bd1f5b2a6c1bd76e…` ~~~~text 98: PHASE MNO2_C4:I % 2 1 2 ! 99: CONST MNO2_C4:I : MN+4 : O-2 : ! ~~~~ Example references (10 of 15; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6) A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). _assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6) Lina Kjellqvist, Malin Selleby, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 113-134 (2010). _assessment that models this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/zaac.19080570105](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19080570105) R. J. Meyer, Kurt Rötgers, Die Dissoziationstemperaturen der Manganoxyde MnO\2\ und Mn\2\O\3\ in Luft und Sauerstoff, Z. Anorg. Chem. 57, 104-112 (1908). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1149/1.2423551](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2423551) Earl M. Otto, Equilibrium Pressures of Oxygen over MnO\[sub 2\]-Mn\[sub 2\]O\[sub 3\] at Various Temperatures, J. Electrochem. Soc. 112, 367 (1965). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1021/cr60256a003](https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60256a003) T. A. Zordan, Loren G. Hepler, Thermochemistry and oxidation potentials of manganese and its compounds, Chem. Rev. 68, 737-745 (1968). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1021/ja01245a015](https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01245a015) K. K. Kelley, G. E. Moore, Specific Heats at Low Temperatures of Manganese Carbide and Manganese Dioxide\1\, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 65, 782-785 (1943). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1179/cmq.1967.6.1.71](https://doi.org/10.1179/cmq.1967.6.1.71) K. Hochgeschwender, T .R. Ingraham, Use of Thermal Conductivity Gas Analysis for Thermodynamic Measurements on the Dissociation of CuO, Mn\2\O\3\and MnO\2\, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 6, 71-84 (1967). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1002/srin.194001311](https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.194001311) Hermann Ulich, Hans Siemonsen, Beitrag zur Metallurgie des Mangans durch thermochemische Messungen und Gleichgewichtsberechnungen, Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen 14, 27-34 (1940). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1016/0021-9614(85)90069-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614%2885%2990069-2) Richard A. Robie, Bruce S. Hemingway, Low-temperature molar heat capacities and entropies of MnO2 (pyrolusite), Mn3O4 (hausmanite), and Mn2O3 (bixbyite), The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 17, 165-181 (1985). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ - [doi:10.1021/cr60161a001](https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60161a001) Leo. Brewer, Thermodynamic Properties of the Oxides and their Vaporization Processes., Chem. Rev. 52, 1-75 (1953). _cited as the source of values for this phase_ ## O2GAS (Mn–O) - Id: `phase:mn-o:o2gas`; status `assigned` - Structure: gas; type `st:gas`; gas; confidence high - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–485 K, x(O) 1–1 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:mn-o:o2gas) Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:mn-o:o2gas _tdb: _tdb:MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb:O2GAS, tdb:MnO-10Kje.tdb:O2GAS ### TDB models of O2GAS (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-03Gru-LB.tdb): O2GAS, type code %, sha256 `2f59cdf668abb9e9…` ~~~~text 108: PHASE O2GAS % 1 1 ! 109: CONST O2GAS : O2 :! ~~~~ [MnO-10Kje.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/MnO-10Kje.tdb): O2GAS, type code %, sha256 `bd1f5b2a6c1bd76e…` ~~~~text 107: PHASE O2GAS % 1 1 ! 108: CONST O2GAS : O2 :! ~~~~ Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-003-0004-6) A. Nicholas Grundy, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Assessment of the Mn-O system, JPE 24, 21-39 (2003). _assessment that models this phase_ - [doi:10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9643-6) Lina Kjellqvist, Malin Selleby, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Fe-Mn-O System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 113-134 (2010). _assessment that models this phase_ ## Please cite - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065 Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes. ```bibtex @misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_data_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } ``` --- Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite the ORCHID phase registry and the sources named on the page (TDB assessments, Hallstedt 2025, Materials Project, OQMD). TDB statements are quoted as written; parameter expressions are not reproduced. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt).