Nb–Sn phases

9 phases (tier A 7, tier C 1, liquid 1); 6 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Nb–Sn system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the Nb–Sn system (9)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
DIAMOND_A4 phase:nb-sn:a4-diamond	C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s)	0	3
BCT_A5 phase:nb-sn:a5-bct	beta-Sn · A5 · tI4 · I4_1/amd (141)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–505.08 K, x(Sn) 1–1	11	3
BCC_A2 phase:nb-sn:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–2751 K, x(Sn) 0–0.12045	17	3
FCC_A1 phase:nb-sn:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s)	0	3
HCP_A3 phase:nb-sn:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s)	0	3
LIQUID phase:nb-sn:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 505.08–4000 K, x(Sn) 0–1	52	3
NB3SN_A15 phase:nb-sn:nb3sn-a15	Cr3Si · A15 · cP8 · Pm-3n (223)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–2425.38 K, x(Sn) 0.14315–0.33288	38	3
NB6SN5 phase:nb-sn:nb6sn5	Sn5Ti6-alpha · oI44 · Immm (71)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 992.31–1296.88 K, x(Sn) 0.44957–0.45455	37	3
NBSN2_CB phase:nb-sn:nbsn2-cb	CuMg2 · C_b · oF48 · Fddd (70)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–1141.38 K, x(Sn) 0.66667–0.66667	32	3

DIAMOND_A4 (Nb–Sn)

Id: phase:nb-sn:a4-diamond; status assigned
Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type st:a4-c-diamond-cf8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Sn 1.0000
Stability: not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:nb-sn:a4-diamond
tdb: tdb:NbSn-02Tof.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:NbSn-17Laf.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:NbSn-98Tof.tdb:DIAMOND_A4

TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

NbSn-02Tof.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 28d911b942daf434…

46: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
47: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !

NbSn-17Laf.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 fe83573ddf9ba2bf…

42: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
43: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !

NbSn-98Tof.tdb: DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 7c50a914635b9aaf…

49: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
50: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2017.02.003 P. Lafaye, C. Toffolon-Masclet, J.-C. Crivello, J.-M. Joubert, Calphad, 57, 37-45(2017).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1361/1054971023604071 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, J. C. Gachon, B. Sundman, Reassessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 23, 134-139 (2002).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1361/105497198770341978 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, B. Sundman, Thermodynamic assessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 19, 479-485 (1998).
assessment that models this phase

BCT_A5 (Nb–Sn)

Id: phase:nb-sn:a5-bct; status assigned
Structure: beta-Sn · A5 · tI4 · I4_1/amd (141); type st:a5-beta-sn-ti4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: Sn 1.0000
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–505.08 K, x(Sn) 1–1
Literature: 11 values (11 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (7): corpus: corpus:phase:nb-sn:a5-bct, corpus:phase:nb-sn:bct-a5
paper: paper:10.1361/1054971023604071:Snbct_A5, paper:10.1361/105497198770341978:Snbct_A5
tdb: tdb:NbSn-02Tof.tdb:BCT_A5, tdb:NbSn-17Laf.tdb:BCT_A5, tdb:NbSn-98Tof.tdb:BCT_A5

TDB models of BCT_A5 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

NbSn-02Tof.tdb: BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 28d911b942daf434…

51: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
52: CONST BCT_A5 : SN : !

NbSn-17Laf.tdb: BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 fe83573ddf9ba2bf…

47: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
48: CONST BCT_A5 : SN : !

NbSn-98Tof.tdb: BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 7c50a914635b9aaf…

54: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
55: CONST BCT_A5 : SN : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1361/1054971023604071 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, J. C. Gachon, B. Sundman, Reassessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 23, 134-139 (2002).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1361/105497198770341978 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, B. Sundman, Thermodynamic assessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 19, 479-485 (1998).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2017.02.003 P. Lafaye, C. Toffolon-Masclet, J.-C. Crivello, J.-M. Joubert, Calphad, 57, 37-45(2017).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/bf00554367 J. P. Charlesworth, I. Macphail, P. E. Madsen, Experimental work on the niobium-tin constitution diagram and related studies, J Mater Sci 5, 580-603 (1970).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(64)90018-9 Thomas G Ellis, Harley A Wilhelm, Phase equilibria and crystallography for the niobium-tin system, Journal of the Less Common Metals 7, 67-83 (1964).
cited as the source of values for this phase

BCC_A2 (Nb–Sn)

Id: phase:nb-sn:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–2751 K, x(Sn) 0–0.12045
Literature: 17 values (17 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:nb-sn:bcc-a2
paper: paper:10.1361/1054971023604071:Nb(bcc), paper:10.1361/105497198770341978:Nbbcc_A2
tdb: tdb:NbSn-02Tof.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:NbSn-17Laf.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:NbSn-98Tof.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

NbSn-02Tof.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 28d911b942daf434…

36: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
37: CONST BCC_A2 : NB% SN : VA : !

NbSn-17Laf.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 fe83573ddf9ba2bf…

32: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
33: CONST BCC_A2 : NB% SN : VA : !

NbSn-98Tof.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 7c50a914635b9aaf…

39: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
40: CONST BCC_A2 : NB% SN : VA : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1361/105497198770341978 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, B. Sundman, Thermodynamic assessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 19, 479-485 (1998).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1361/1054971023604071 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, J. C. Gachon, B. Sundman, Reassessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 23, 134-139 (2002).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2017.02.003 P. Lafaye, C. Toffolon-Masclet, J.-C. Crivello, J.-M. Joubert, Calphad, 57, 37-45(2017).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/bf00554367 J. P. Charlesworth, I. Macphail, P. E. Madsen, Experimental work on the niobium-tin constitution diagram and related studies, J Mater Sci 5, 580-603 (1970).
cited as the source of values for this phase

FCC_A1 (Nb–Sn)

Id: phase:nb-sn:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:nb-sn:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:NbSn-02Tof.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:NbSn-17Laf.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:NbSn-98Tof.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

NbSn-02Tof.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 28d911b942daf434…

31: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
32: CONST FCC_A1 : NB SN : VA : !

NbSn-17Laf.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 fe83573ddf9ba2bf…

27: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
28: CONST FCC_A1 : NB SN : VA : !

NbSn-98Tof.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 7c50a914635b9aaf…

34: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
35: CONST FCC_A1 : NB SN : VA : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2017.02.003 P. Lafaye, C. Toffolon-Masclet, J.-C. Crivello, J.-M. Joubert, Calphad, 57, 37-45(2017).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1361/1054971023604071 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, J. C. Gachon, B. Sundman, Reassessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 23, 134-139 (2002).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1361/105497198770341978 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, B. Sundman, Thermodynamic assessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 19, 479-485 (1998).
assessment that models this phase

HCP_A3 (Nb–Sn)

Id: phase:nb-sn:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:nb-sn:hcp-a3
tdb: tdb:NbSn-02Tof.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:NbSn-17Laf.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:NbSn-98Tof.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

NbSn-02Tof.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 28d911b942daf434…

41: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
42: CONST HCP_A3 : NB SN : VA: !

NbSn-17Laf.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 fe83573ddf9ba2bf…

37: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
38: CONST HCP_A3 : NB SN : VA: !

NbSn-98Tof.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 7c50a914635b9aaf…

44: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
45: CONST HCP_A3 : NB SN : VA: !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2017.02.003 P. Lafaye, C. Toffolon-Masclet, J.-C. Crivello, J.-M. Joubert, Calphad, 57, 37-45(2017).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1361/1054971023604071 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, J. C. Gachon, B. Sundman, Reassessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 23, 134-139 (2002).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1361/105497198770341978 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, B. Sundman, Thermodynamic assessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 19, 479-485 (1998).
assessment that models this phase

LIQUID (Nb–Sn)

Id: phase:nb-sn:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 505.08–4000 K, x(Sn) 0–1
Literature: 52 values (52 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:nb-sn:liquid
paper: paper:10.1361/1054971023604071:L, paper:10.1361/105497198770341978:L
tdb: tdb:NbSn-02Tof.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:NbSn-17Laf.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:NbSn-98Tof.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

NbSn-02Tof.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 28d911b942daf434…

26: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
27: CONST LIQUID:L : NB SN : !

NbSn-17Laf.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 fe83573ddf9ba2bf…

22: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
23: CONST LIQUID:L : NB SN : !

NbSn-98Tof.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 7c50a914635b9aaf…

29: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
30: CONST LIQUID:L : NB SN : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1361/1054971023604071 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, J. C. Gachon, B. Sundman, Reassessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 23, 134-139 (2002).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1361/105497198770341978 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, B. Sundman, Thermodynamic assessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 19, 479-485 (1998).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2017.02.003 P. Lafaye, C. Toffolon-Masclet, J.-C. Crivello, J.-M. Joubert, Calphad, 57, 37-45(2017).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/bf00554367 J. P. Charlesworth, I. Macphail, P. E. Madsen, Experimental work on the niobium-tin constitution diagram and related studies, J Mater Sci 5, 580-603 (1970).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(64)90018-9 Thomas G Ellis, Harley A Wilhelm, Phase equilibria and crystallography for the niobium-tin system, Journal of the Less Common Metals 7, 67-83 (1964).
cited as the source of values for this phase

NB3SN_A15 (Nb–Sn)

Id: phase:nb-sn:nb3sn-a15; status assigned
Structure: Cr3Si · A15 · cP8 · Pm-3n (223); type st:a15-cr3si-cp8; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Caveat: partitioned order/disorder model in NbSn-02Tof.tdb also describes the disordered state
Caveat: partitioned order/disorder model in NbSn-17Laf.tdb also describes the disordered state
Caveat: partitioned order/disorder model in NbSn-98Tof.tdb also describes the disordered state
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–2425.38 K, x(Sn) 0.14315–0.33288
Literature: 38 values (38 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:nb-sn:nb3sn-a15
paper: paper:10.1361/1054971023604071:Nb3Sn, paper:10.1361/105497198770341978:Nb3Sn
tdb: tdb:NbSn-02Tof.tdb:NB3SN_A15, tdb:NbSn-17Laf.tdb:NB3SN_A15, tdb:NbSn-98Tof.tdb:NB3SN_A15

TDB models of NB3SN_A15 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

NbSn-02Tof.tdb: NB3SN_A15, type code %, sha256 28d911b942daf434…

56: PHASE NB3SN_A15 %  2 3 1 !
57: CONST NB3SN_A15 : NB% SN : NB SN% : !

NbSn-17Laf.tdb: NB3SN_A15, type code %, sha256 fe83573ddf9ba2bf…

52: PHASE NB3SN_A15 %  2 3 1 !
53: CONST NB3SN_A15 : NB% SN : NB SN% : !

NbSn-98Tof.tdb: NB3SN_A15, type code %, sha256 7c50a914635b9aaf…

59: PHASE NB3SN_A15 %  2 3 1 !
60: CONST NB3SN_A15 : NB% SN : NB SN% : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1361/1054971023604071 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, J. C. Gachon, B. Sundman, Reassessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 23, 134-139 (2002).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1361/105497198770341978 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, B. Sundman, Thermodynamic assessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 19, 479-485 (1998).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2017.02.003 P. Lafaye, C. Toffolon-Masclet, J.-C. Crivello, J.-M. Joubert, Calphad, 57, 37-45(2017).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/bf00554367 J. P. Charlesworth, I. Macphail, P. E. Madsen, Experimental work on the niobium-tin constitution diagram and related studies, J Mater Sci 5, 580-603 (1970).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(64)90018-9 Thomas G Ellis, Harley A Wilhelm, Phase equilibria and crystallography for the niobium-tin system, Journal of the Less Common Metals 7, 67-83 (1964).
cited as the source of values for this phase

NB6SN5 (Nb–Sn)

Id: phase:nb-sn:nb6sn5; status assigned
Structure: Sn5Ti6-alpha · oI44 · Immm (71); type st:sn5ti6-alpha-oi44; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_structure_token, off_stoichiometric_model); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 992.31–1296.88 K, x(Sn) 0.44957–0.45455
Literature: 37 values (37 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:nb-sn:nb6sn5
paper: paper:10.1361/1054971023604071:Nb6Sn5, paper:10.1361/105497198770341978:Nb6Sn5
tdb: tdb:NbSn-02Tof.tdb:NB6SN5, tdb:NbSn-17Laf.tdb:NB6SN5, tdb:NbSn-98Tof.tdb:NB6SN5

TDB models of NB6SN5 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

NbSn-02Tof.tdb: NB6SN5, type code %, sha256 28d911b942daf434…

61: PHASE NB6SN5 %  3 24 16 4 !
62: CONST NB6SN5 : NB : SN : NB SN : !

NbSn-17Laf.tdb: NB6SN5, type code %, sha256 fe83573ddf9ba2bf…

57: PHASE NB6SN5 %  2 6 5 !
58: CONST NB6SN5 : NB : SN : !

NbSn-98Tof.tdb: NB6SN5, type code %, sha256 7c50a914635b9aaf…

64: PHASE NB6SN5 %  3 24 16 4 !
65: CONST NB6SN5 : NB : SN : NB SN : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1361/1054971023604071 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, J. C. Gachon, B. Sundman, Reassessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 23, 134-139 (2002).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1361/105497198770341978 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, B. Sundman, Thermodynamic assessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 19, 479-485 (1998).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2017.02.003 P. Lafaye, C. Toffolon-Masclet, J.-C. Crivello, J.-M. Joubert, Calphad, 57, 37-45(2017).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/bf00554367 J. P. Charlesworth, I. Macphail, P. E. Madsen, Experimental work on the niobium-tin constitution diagram and related studies, J Mater Sci 5, 580-603 (1970).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(64)90018-9 Thomas G Ellis, Harley A Wilhelm, Phase equilibria and crystallography for the niobium-tin system, Journal of the Less Common Metals 7, 67-83 (1964).
cited as the source of values for this phase

NBSN2_CB (Nb–Sn)

Id: phase:nb-sn:nbsn2-cb; status assigned
Structure: CuMg2 · C_b · oF48 · Fddd (70); type st:c-b-cumg2-of48; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaaaabog and oqmd-17753, space group 70
Stoichiometry: Nb 0.3333, Sn 0.6667
Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–1141.38 K, x(Sn) 0.66667–0.66667
Literature: 32 values (32 accepted) from 2 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (8): corpus: corpus:phase:nb-sn:nbsn2-cb
mp: mp:mp-aaaaabog
oqmd: oqmd:oqmd-17753
paper: paper:10.1361/1054971023604071:NbSn2, paper:10.1361/105497198770341978:NbSn2
tdb: tdb:NbSn-02Tof.tdb:NBSN2_CB, tdb:NbSn-17Laf.tdb:NBSN2_CB, tdb:NbSn-98Tof.tdb:NBSN2_CB

TDB models of NBSN2_CB (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

NbSn-02Tof.tdb: NBSN2_CB, type code %, sha256 28d911b942daf434…

66: PHASE NBSN2_CB %  2 1 2 !
67: CONST NBSN2_CB : NB : SN : !

NbSn-17Laf.tdb: NBSN2_CB, type code %, sha256 fe83573ddf9ba2bf…

62: PHASE NBSN2_CB %  2 1 2 !
63: CONST NBSN2_CB : NB : SN : !

NbSn-98Tof.tdb: NBSN2_CB, type code %, sha256 7c50a914635b9aaf…

69: PHASE NBSN2_CB %  2 1 2 !
70: CONST NBSN2_CB : NB : SN : !

Example references (5 of 5; assessments first):

doi:10.1361/1054971023604071 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, J. C. Gachon, B. Sundman, Reassessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 23, 134-139 (2002).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1361/105497198770341978 C. Toffolon, C. Servant, B. Sundman, Thermodynamic assessment of the Nb-Sn system, JPE 19, 479-485 (1998).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2017.02.003 P. Lafaye, C. Toffolon-Masclet, J.-C. Crivello, J.-M. Joubert, Calphad, 57, 37-45(2017).
assessment that models this phase
doi:10.1007/bf00554367 J. P. Charlesworth, I. Macphail, P. E. Madsen, Experimental work on the niobium-tin constitution diagram and related studies, J Mater Sci 5, 580-603 (1970).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(64)90018-9 Thomas G Ellis, Harley A Wilhelm, Phase equilibria and crystallography for the niobium-tin system, Journal of the Less Common Metals 7, 67-83 (1964).
cited as the source of values for this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}