# Pd–Sn phases

> Pd–Sn system: 18 phases (tier A 9, tier C 3, liquid 1, needs_review 5); 15 stable in a calculated diagram in the ORCHID phase registry, with names, structure type when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules, calculated stability, verbatim TDB PHASE/CONSTITUENT statements and example references.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/PD-SN.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/PD-SN.md

18 phases (tier A 9, tier C 3, liquid 1, needs_review 5); 15 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: [interactive registry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/?q=PD-SN) · [full JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/systems/PD-SN.json) · [Pd–Sn system page](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/PD-SN.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/PD-SN.md) · [field reference](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md)

Table: Phases of the Pd–Sn system (18)

| Phase | Structure | Basis | Stability (calculated) | Literature values | TDB models |
|---|---|---|---|---:|---:|
| [DIAMOND_A4](#phase-pd-sn-a4-diamond); _phase:pd-sn:a4-diamond_ | C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 3 |
| [BCT_A5](#phase-pd-sn-a5-bct); _phase:pd-sn:a5-bct_ | beta-Sn · A5 · tI4 · I4_1/amd (141) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–505.08 K, x(Sn) 1–1 | 5 | 3 |
| [BCC_A2](#phase-pd-sn-bcc-a2); _phase:pd-sn:bcc-a2_ | W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 3 |
| [FCC_A1](#phase-pd-sn-fcc-a1); _phase:pd-sn:fcc-a1_ | Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–1836 K, x(Sn) 0–0.20912 | 5 | 3 |
| [HCP_A3](#phase-pd-sn-hcp-a3); _phase:pd-sn:hcp-a3_ | Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 3 |
| [LIQUID](#phase-pd-sn-liquid); _phase:pd-sn:liquid_ | liquid | liquid | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 503.68–2500 K, x(Sn) 0–1 | 75 | 3 |
| [PD20SN13](#phase-pd-sn-pd20sn13); _phase:pd-sn:pd20sn13_ | Pd13Sn9 · hP66 · P3_121 (152) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–1173.53 K, x(Sn) 0.37568–0.43141 | 41 | 3 |
| [PD2SN_B82](#phase-pd-sn-pd2sn-b82); _phase:pd-sn:pd2sn-b82_ | InNi2 · B8_2 · hP6 · P6_3/mmc (194) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 750.66–1558.9 K, x(Sn) 0.34276–0.37649 | 24 | 3 |
| [PD2SN_C37](#phase-pd-sn-pd2sn-c37); _phase:pd-sn:pd2sn-c37_ |  | needs_review | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–1094.09 K, x(Sn) 0.333–0.33333 | 8 | 3 |
| [PD3SN_L12](#phase-pd-sn-pd3sn-l12); _phase:pd-sn:pd3sn-l12_ | AuCu3 · L1_2 · cP4 · Pm-3m (221) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–1600.79 K, x(Sn) 0.22909–0.25168 | 19 | 3 |
| [PD3SN2_ALPHA](#phase-pd-sn-pd3sn2-alpha); _phase:pd-sn:pd3sn2-alpha_ |  | needs_review | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–823.1 K, x(Sn) 0.4–0.4 | 3 | 3 |
| [PD3SN2_BETA](#phase-pd-sn-pd3sn2-beta); _phase:pd-sn:pd3sn2-beta_ |  | needs_review | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 822.86–1090 K, x(Sn) 0.4–0.4 | 7 | 3 |
| [PD3SN2_DELTA](#phase-pd-sn-pd3sn2-delta); _phase:pd-sn:pd3sn2-delta_ |  | needs_review | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–800 K, x(Sn) 0.41–0.41 | 8 | 3 |
| [PD5SN7](#phase-pd-sn-pd5sn7); _phase:pd-sn:pd5sn7_ | Pd5Sn7 · mC26 · C2/m (12) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–890.01 K, x(Sn) 0.58333–0.58333 | 9 | 1 |
| [PDSN_B31](#phase-pd-sn-pdsn-b31); _phase:pd-sn:pdsn-b31_ | MnP · B31 · oP8 · Pnma (62) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–1083.22 K, x(Sn) 0.5–0.50828 | 13 | 3 |
| [PDSN2](#phase-pd-sn-pdsn2); _phase:pd-sn:pdsn2_ |  | needs_review | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–873.21 K, x(Sn) 0.66667–0.68052 | 24 | 3 |
| [PDSN3](#phase-pd-sn-pdsn3); _phase:pd-sn:pdsn3_ | PdSn3 · oC32 · Cmce (64) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–618.61 K, x(Sn) 0.73658–0.74955 | 25 | 3 |
| [PDSN4_D1C](#phase-pd-sn-pdsn4-d1c); _phase:pd-sn:pdsn4-d1c_ | PtSn4 · D1_c · oC20 · Ccce (68) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–567.97 K, x(Sn) 0.7956–0.8 | 10 | 3 |

## DIAMOND_A4 (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:a4-diamond`; status `assigned`
- Structure: C (diamond) · A4 · cF8 · Fd-3m (227); type `st:a4-c-diamond-cf8`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stoichiometry: Sn 1.0000
- Stability: not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s)
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:a4-diamond)

Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:a4-diamond  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:DIAMOND_A4, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:DIAMOND_A4  


### TDB models of DIAMOND_A4 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
46: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
47: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
47: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
48: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): DIAMOND_A4, type code %, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
47: PHASE DIAMOND_A4 % 1 1 !
48: CONST DIAMOND_A4 : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## BCT_A5 (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:a5-bct`; status `assigned`
- Structure: beta-Sn · A5 · tI4 · I4_1/amd (141); type `st:a5-beta-sn-ti4`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–505.08 K, x(Sn) 1–1
- Literature: 5 values (5 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:a5-bct)

Names (6): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:a5-bct, corpus:phase:pd-sn:bct-a5  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:(β\_Sn)  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:BCT_A5, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:BCT_A5, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:BCT_A5  


### TDB models of BCT_A5 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
51: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
52: CONST BCT_A5 : PD SN% : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
52: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
53: CONST BCT_A5 : SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): BCT_A5, type code %, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
52: PHASE BCT_A5 % 1 1 !
53: CONST BCT_A5 : PD SN% : !
~~~~

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-5088(59)90005-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2859%2990005-0) J.R. Knight, D.W. Rhys, The systems palladium - indium and palladium - tin, Journal of the Less Common Metals 1, 292-303 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## BCC_A2 (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:bcc-a2`; status `assigned`
- Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type `st:a2-w-ci2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s)
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:bcc-a2)

Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:bcc-a2  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:BCC_A2  


### TDB models of BCC_A2 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
36: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
37: CONST BCC_A2 : PD SN : VA : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
37: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
38: CONST BCC_A2 : PD SN : VA : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
37: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
38: CONST BCC_A2 : PD SN : VA : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## FCC_A1 (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:fcc-a1`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type `st:a1-cu-cf4`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–1836 K, x(Sn) 0–0.20912
- Literature: 5 values (5 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:fcc-a1)

Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:fcc-a1  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:(Pd)  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:FCC_A1  


### TDB models of FCC_A1 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
31: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
32: CONST FCC_A1 : PD% SN : VA : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
32: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
33: CONST FCC_A1 : PD% SN : VA : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
32: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
33: CONST FCC_A1 : PD% SN : VA : !
~~~~

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-5088(59)90005-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2859%2990005-0) J.R. Knight, D.W. Rhys, The systems palladium - indium and palladium - tin, Journal of the Less Common Metals 1, 292-303 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## HCP_A3 (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:hcp-a3`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type `st:a3-mg-hp2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: not stable in 3 calculated diagram(s)
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:hcp-a3)

Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:hcp-a3  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:HCP_A3  


### TDB models of HCP_A3 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
41: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
42: CONST HCP_A3 : PD SN : VA : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
42: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
43: CONST HCP_A3 : PD SN : VA : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
42: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
43: CONST HCP_A3 : PD SN : VA : !
~~~~

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase_

## LIQUID (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:liquid`; status `assigned`
- Structure: liquid; type `st:liquid`; liquid; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 503.68–2500 K, x(Sn) 0–1
- Literature: 75 values (75 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:liquid)

Names (8): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:liquid  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9:L, paper:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9:liquid, paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:L, paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:Liquid  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:LIQUID  


### TDB models of LIQUID (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
26: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
27: CONST LIQUID:L : PD SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
27: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
28: CONST LIQUID:L : PD SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
27: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
28: CONST LIQUID:L : PD SN : !
~~~~

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-5088(59)90005-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2859%2990005-0) J.R. Knight, D.W. Rhys, The systems palladium - indium and palladium - tin, Journal of the Less Common Metals 1, 292-303 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## PD20SN13 (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:pd20sn13`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Pd13Sn9 · hP66 · P3_121 (152); type `st:pd13sn9-hp66`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_structure_token, off_stoichiometric_model); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–1173.53 K, x(Sn) 0.37568–0.43141
- Literature: 41 values (41 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:pd20sn13)

Names (6): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:pd20sn13  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9:Pd20Sn13, paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:Pd20Sn13  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:PD20SN13, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:PD20SN13, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:PD20SN13  


### TDB models of PD20SN13 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): PD20SN13, type code %, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
71: PHASE PD20SN13 % 2 0.6 0.4 !
72: CONST PD20SN13 : PD% SN : PD SN% : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): PD20SN13, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
72: PHASE PD20SN13 % 2 0.6 0.4 !
73: CONST PD20SN13 : PD% SN : PD SN% : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): PD20SN13, type code %, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
72: PHASE PD20SN13 % 2 0.6 0.4 !
73: CONST PD20SN13 : PD% SN : PD SN% : !
~~~~

Example references (6 of 6; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-5088(59)90005-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2859%2990005-0) J.R. Knight, D.W. Rhys, The systems palladium - indium and palladium - tin, Journal of the Less Common Metals 1, 292-303 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1959-500907](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1959-500907) Konrad Schubert, Hans Lukas, Hans Meißner, Suraj Bhan, Zum Aufbau der Systeme Kobalt-Gallium, Palladium-Gallium, Palladium-Zinn und verwandter Legierungen, International Journal of Materials Research 50, 534-540 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1107/s2056989015011366](https://doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015011366) Wilhelm Klein, Hanpeng Jin, Viktor Hlukhyy, Thomas F. Fässler, \`Pd\<sub>20\</sub>Sn\<sub>13\</sub>' revisited: crystal structure of Pd\<sub>6.69\</sub>Sn\<sub>4.31\</sub>, Acta Crystallogr E Cryst Commun 71, 807-809 (2015).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## PD2SN_B82 (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:pd2sn-b82`; status `assigned`
- Structure: InNi2 · B8_2 · hP6 · P6_3/mmc (194); type `st:b8-2-inni2-hp6`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 750.66–1558.9 K, x(Sn) 0.34276–0.37649
- Literature: 24 values (24 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:pd2sn-b82)

Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:pd2sn-b82  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:γ\_Pd2Sn  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:PD2SN_B82, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:PD2SN_B82, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:PD2SN_B82  


### TDB models of PD2SN_B82 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): PD2SN_B82, type code %, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
66: PHASE PD2SN_B82 % 3 1 1 1 !
67: CONST PD2SN_B82 : PD : SN : PD VA : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): PD2SN_B82, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
67: PHASE PD2SN_B82 % 3 1 1 1 !
68: CONST PD2SN_B82 : PD : SN : PD VA : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): PD2SN_B82, type code %, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
67: PHASE PD2SN_B82 % 3 1 1 1 !
68: CONST PD2SN_B82 : PD : SN : PD VA : !
~~~~

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-5088(59)90005-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2859%2990005-0) J.R. Knight, D.W. Rhys, The systems palladium - indium and palladium - tin, Journal of the Less Common Metals 1, 292-303 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## PD2SN_C37 (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:pd2sn-c37`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_blocked_by:models_disagree_on_composition; models_disagree_on_composition; stoichiometry_contradicts_C37:PdSn-06Viz.tdb; stoichiometry_contradicts_C37:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb
- Candidate (literature_printed): Co2Si · oP12 — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (name_token): Co2Si · C37 · oP12 · Pnma (62) — Strukturbericht/word 'C37' in the TDB name
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): Co2Si · C37 · oP12 · Pnma (62) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for PD2SN_C37: Pd2Sn
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Co2Si · oP12 · Pnma — PdSn-06Viz.tdb: 'Prototype Co2Si (oP12, Pnma)'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Co2Si · oP12 · Pnma — PdSn-20Cui.tdb: 'Prototype Co2Si (oP12, Pnma)'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): Co2Si · oP12 · Pnma — PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb: 'Prototype Co2Si (oP12, Pnma)'
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–1094.09 K, x(Sn) 0.333–0.33333
- Literature: 8 values (8 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:pd2sn-c37)

Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:pd2sn-c37  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:Pd2Sn  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:PD2SN_C37, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:PD2SN_C37, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:PD2SN_C37  


### TDB models of PD2SN_C37 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): PD2SN_C37, type code %, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
61: PHASE PD2SN_C37 % 2 0.667 0.333 !
62: CONST PD2SN_C37 : PD : SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): PD2SN_C37, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
62: PHASE PD2SN_C37 % 2 2 1 !
63: CONST PD2SN_C37 : PD : SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): PD2SN_C37, type code %, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
62: PHASE PD2SN_C37 % 2 0.667 0.333 !
63: CONST PD2SN_C37 : PD : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-5088(59)90005-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2859%2990005-0) J.R. Knight, D.W. Rhys, The systems palladium - indium and palladium - tin, Journal of the Less Common Metals 1, 292-303 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## PD3SN_L12 (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:pd3sn-l12`; status `assigned`
- Structure: AuCu3 · L1_2 · cP4 · Pm-3m (221); type `st:l1-2-aucu3-cp4`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Caveat: partitioned order/disorder model in PdSn-06Viz.tdb also describes the disordered state
- Caveat: partitioned order/disorder model in PdSn-20Cui.tdb also describes the disordered state
- Caveat: partitioned order/disorder model in PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb also describes the disordered state
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–1600.79 K, x(Sn) 0.22909–0.25168
- Literature: 19 values (19 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:pd3sn-l12)

Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:pd3sn-l12  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:Pd3Sn  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:PD3SN_L12, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:PD3SN_L12, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:PD3SN_L12  


### TDB models of PD3SN_L12 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): PD3SN_L12, type code %, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
56: PHASE PD3SN_L12 % 2 0.75 0.25 !
57: CONST PD3SN_L12 : PD% SN : PD SN% : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): PD3SN_L12, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
57: PHASE PD3SN_L12 % 2 0.75 0.25 !
58: CONST PD3SN_L12 : PD% SN : PD SN% : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): PD3SN_L12, type code %, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
57: PHASE PD3SN_L12 % 2 0.75 0.25 !
58: CONST PD3SN_L12 : PD% SN : PD SN% : !
~~~~

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-5088(59)90005-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2859%2990005-0) J.R. Knight, D.W. Rhys, The systems palladium - indium and palladium - tin, Journal of the Less Common Metals 1, 292-303 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## PD3SN2_ALPHA (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:pd3sn2-alpha`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: no_structure_token; polymorph_family:other phases of this system have the same composition
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Pd3Sn2-alpha) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for PD3SN2_ALPHA: Pd3Sn2-alpha
- Stoichiometry: Pd 0.6000, Sn 0.4000
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–823.1 K, x(Sn) 0.4–0.4
- Literature: 3 values (3 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:pd3sn2-alpha)

Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:pd3sn2-alpha  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:α\_Pd3Sn2  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:PD3SN2_ALPHA, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:PD3SN2_ALPHA, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:PD3SN2_ALPHA  


### TDB models of PD3SN2_ALPHA (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): PD3SN2_ALPHA, type code %, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
76: PHASE PD3SN2_ALPHA % 2 0.6 0.4 !
77: CONST PD3SN2_ALPHA : PD : SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): PD3SN2_ALPHA, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
77: PHASE PD3SN2_ALPHA % 2 0.6 0.4 !
78: CONST PD3SN2_ALPHA : PD : SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): PD3SN2_ALPHA, type code %, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
77: PHASE PD3SN2_ALPHA % 2 0.6 0.4 !
78: CONST PD3SN2_ALPHA : PD : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## PD3SN2_BETA (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:pd3sn2-beta`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: no_structure_token; polymorph_family:other phases of this system have the same composition
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Pd3Sn2-beta) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for PD3SN2_BETA: Pd3Sn2-beta
- Stoichiometry: Pd 0.6000, Sn 0.4000
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 822.86–1090 K, x(Sn) 0.4–0.4
- Literature: 7 values (7 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:pd3sn2-beta)

Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:pd3sn2-beta  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:β\_Pd3Sn2  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:PD3SN2_BETA, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:PD3SN2_BETA, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:PD3SN2_BETA  


### TDB models of PD3SN2_BETA (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): PD3SN2_BETA, type code %, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
81: PHASE PD3SN2_BETA % 2 0.6 0.4 !
82: CONST PD3SN2_BETA : PD : SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): PD3SN2_BETA, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
82: PHASE PD3SN2_BETA % 2 0.6 0.4 !
83: CONST PD3SN2_BETA : PD : SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): PD3SN2_BETA, type code %, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
82: PHASE PD3SN2_BETA % 2 0.6 0.4 !
83: CONST PD3SN2_BETA : PD : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## PD3SN2_DELTA (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:pd3sn2-delta`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_both; no_structure_token
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Pd3Sn2-delta) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for PD3SN2_DELTA: Pd3Sn2-delta
- Stoichiometry: Pd 0.5900, Sn 0.4100
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–800 K, x(Sn) 0.41–0.41
- Literature: 8 values (8 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:pd3sn2-delta)

Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:pd3sn2-delta  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:δ\_Pd3Sn2  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:PD3SN2_DELTA, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:PD3SN2_DELTA, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:PD3SN2_DELTA  


### TDB models of PD3SN2_DELTA (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): PD3SN2_DELTA, type code %, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
86: PHASE PD3SN2_DELTA % 2 0.59 0.41 !
87: CONST PD3SN2_DELTA : PD : SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): PD3SN2_DELTA, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
87: PHASE PD3SN2_DELTA % 2 0.59 0.41 !
88: CONST PD3SN2_DELTA : PD : SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): PD3SN2_DELTA, type code %, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
87: PHASE PD3SN2_DELTA % 2 0.59 0.41 !
88: CONST PD3SN2_DELTA : PD : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## PD5SN7 (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:pd5sn7`; status `assigned`
- Structure: Pd5Sn7 · mC26 · C2/m (12); type `st:pd5sn7-mc26`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_structure_token, off_stoichiometric_model); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–890.01 K, x(Sn) 0.58333–0.58333
- Literature: 9 values (9 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:pd5sn7)

Names (3): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:pd5sn7  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:Pd5Sn7  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:PD5SN7  


### TDB models of PD5SN7 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): PD5SN7, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
97: PHASE PD5SN7 % 2 5 7 !
98: CONST PD5SN7 : PD% SN : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.01.153](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.01.153) V.V. Romaka, A. Tkachuk, V.A. Romaka, Pd5Sn7—A novel binary stannide in Pd–Sn system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 496, L7-L9 (2010).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-5088(59)90005-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2859%2990005-0) J.R. Knight, D.W. Rhys, The systems palladium - indium and palladium - tin, Journal of the Less Common Metals 1, 292-303 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## PDSN_B31 (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:pdsn-b31`; status `assigned`
- Structure: MnP · B31 · oP8 · Pnma (62); type `st:b31-mnp-op8`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–1083.22 K, x(Sn) 0.5–0.50828
- Literature: 13 values (13 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:pdsn-b31)

Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:pdsn-b31  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:PdSn  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:PDSN_B31, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:PDSN_B31, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:PDSN_B31  


### TDB models of PDSN_B31 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): PDSN_B31, type code %, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
91: PHASE PDSN_B31 % 2 0.5 0.5 !
92: CONST PDSN_B31 : PD% VA : PD SN% : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): PDSN_B31, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
92: PHASE PDSN_B31 % 2 0.5 0.5 !
93: CONST PDSN_B31 : PD% VA : PD SN% : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): PDSN_B31, type code %, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
92: PHASE PDSN_B31 % 2 0.5 0.5 !
93: CONST PDSN_B31 : PD% VA : PD SN% : !
~~~~

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-5088(59)90005-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2859%2990005-0) J.R. Knight, D.W. Rhys, The systems palladium - indium and palladium - tin, Journal of the Less Common Metals 1, 292-303 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## PDSN2 (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:pdsn2`; status `needs_review`
- No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_compound_differs_from_site_ratios; no_structure_token; off_stoichiometric_model
- Candidate (literature_printed): PdSn2 · tI48 — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): PdSn2 · tI48 · I4_1/acd (142) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for PDSN2: PdSn2
- Candidate (tdb_comment): PdSn2 · tI48 · I4_1/acd — PdSn-06Viz.tdb: 'Prototype PdSn2 (tI48, I4_1/acd)'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): PdSn2 · tI48 · I4_1/acd — PdSn-20Cui.tdb: 'Prototype PdSn2 (tI48, I4_1/acd)'
- Candidate (tdb_comment): PdSn2 · tI48 · I4_1/acd — PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb: 'Prototype PdSn2 (tI48, I4_1/acd)'
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–873.21 K, x(Sn) 0.66667–0.68052
- Literature: 24 values (24 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:pdsn2)

Names (6): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:pdsn2  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9:PdSn2, paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:PdSn2  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:PDSN2, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:PDSN2, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:PDSN2  


### TDB models of PDSN2 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): PDSN2, type code %, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
96: PHASE PDSN2 % 2 0.333 0.667 !
97: CONST PDSN2 : PD% SN : SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): PDSN2, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
102: PHASE PDSN2 % 2 1 2 !
103: CONST PDSN2 : PD% SN : SN : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): PDSN2, type code %, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
97: PHASE PDSN2 % 2 0.333 0.667 !
98: CONST PDSN2 : PD% SN : SN : !
~~~~

Example references (8 of 8; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-5088(59)90005-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2859%2990005-0) J.R. Knight, D.W. Rhys, The systems palladium - indium and palladium - tin, Journal of the Less Common Metals 1, 292-303 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2003.09.011](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2003.09.011) J. Nylén, F.J. Garcı̀a Garcı̀a, B.D. Mosel, R. Pöttgen, U. Häussermann, Structural relationships, phase stability and bonding of compounds PdSnn (n=2, 3, 4), Solid State Sciences 6, 147-155 (2004).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/s0925-8388(00)01042-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2800%2901042-2) Bernd Künnen, Dirk Niepmann, Wolfgang Jeitschko, Structure refinements and some properties of the transition metal stannides Os3Sn7, Ir5Sn7, Ni0.402(4)Pd0.598Sn4, α-PdSn2 and PtSn4, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 309, 1-9 (2000).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1959-500907](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1959-500907) Konrad Schubert, Hans Lukas, Hans Meißner, Suraj Bhan, Zum Aufbau der Systeme Kobalt-Gallium, Palladium-Gallium, Palladium-Zinn und verwandter Legierungen, International Journal of Materials Research 50, 534-540 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1524/zkri.1956.107.1-2.99](https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1956.107.1-2.99) Erwin Hellner, Flußspat-Misch-Typen\<sup>1\</sup>, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 107, 99-123 (1956).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## PDSN3 (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:pdsn3`; status `assigned`
- Structure: PdSn3 · oC32 · Cmce (64); type `st:pdsn3-oc32`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
- Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833)
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_structure_token, off_stoichiometric_model); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–618.61 K, x(Sn) 0.73658–0.74955
- Literature: 25 values (25 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:pdsn3)

Names (6): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:pdsn3  
_paper: _paper:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9:PdSn3, paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:PdSn3  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:PDSN3, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:PDSN3, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:PDSN3  


### TDB models of PDSN3 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): PDSN3, type code %, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
101: PHASE PDSN3 % 2 0.25 0.75 !
102: CONST PDSN3 : PD : PD SN% : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): PDSN3, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
107: PHASE PDSN3 % 2 0.25 0.75 !
108: CONST PDSN3 : PD : PD SN% : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): PDSN3, type code %, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
102: PHASE PDSN3 % 2 0.25 0.75 !
103: CONST PDSN3 : PD : PD SN% : !
~~~~

Example references (7 of 7; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/bf00600681](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00600681) K. Schubert, H. Breimer, R. Gohle, H. L. Lukas, H. G. Meissner, E. Stolz, Einige strukturelle Ergebnisse an metallischen Phasen III, Naturwissenschaften 45, 360-361 (1958).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2003.09.011](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2003.09.011) J. Nylén, F.J. Garcı̀a Garcı̀a, B.D. Mosel, R. Pöttgen, U. Häussermann, Structural relationships, phase stability and bonding of compounds PdSnn (n=2, 3, 4), Solid State Sciences 6, 147-155 (2004).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-5088(59)90005-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2859%2990005-0) J.R. Knight, D.W. Rhys, The systems palladium - indium and palladium - tin, Journal of the Less Common Metals 1, 292-303 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1959-500907](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1959-500907) Konrad Schubert, Hans Lukas, Hans Meißner, Suraj Bhan, Zum Aufbau der Systeme Kobalt-Gallium, Palladium-Gallium, Palladium-Zinn und verwandter Legierungen, International Journal of Materials Research 50, 534-540 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## PDSN4_D1C (Pd–Sn)

- Id: `phase:pd-sn:pdsn4-d1c`; status `assigned`
- Structure: PtSn4 · D1_c · oC20 · Ccce (68); type `st:d1-c-ptsn4-oc20`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
- Stability: stable in 3 of 3 calculated diagram(s): 300–567.97 K, x(Sn) 0.7956–0.8
- Literature: 10 values (10 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:pd-sn:pdsn4-d1c)

Names (5): _corpus: _corpus:phase:pd-sn:pdsn4-d1c  
_paper: _paper:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945:PdSn4  
_tdb: _tdb:PdSn-06Viz.tdb:PDSN4_D1C, tdb:PdSn-20Cui.tdb:PDSN4_D1C, tdb:PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb:PDSN4_D1C  


### TDB models of PDSN4_D1C (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

[PdSn-06Viz.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-06Viz.tdb): PDSN4_D1C, type code %, sha256 `ebc7c67039dcc329…`

~~~~text
106: PHASE PDSN4_D1C % 2 0.2 0.8 !
107: CONST PDSN4_D1C : PD : PD SN% : !
~~~~

[PdSn-20Cui.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-20Cui.tdb): PDSN4_D1C, type code %, sha256 `4734a419f40958e9…`

~~~~text
112: PHASE PDSN4_D1C % 2 0.2 0.8 !
113: CONST PDSN4_D1C : PD : PD SN% : !
~~~~

[PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/PdSn-99Gho-LB.tdb): PDSN4_D1C, type code %, sha256 `0d9212a8d6e575dc…`

~~~~text
107: PHASE PDSN4_D1C % 2 0.2 0.8 !
108: CONST PDSN4_D1C : PD : PD SN% : !
~~~~

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first): 

- [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106945) Senlin Cui, Jian Wang, Zhimin You, Ralph E. Napolitano, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Sn system, Intermetallics 126, 106945 (2020).  
_assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1002/adem.200500248](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500248) J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).  
_assessment that models this phase_
- [doi:10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0191-9) G. Ghosh, Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system, Metall Mater Trans A 30, 5-18 (1999).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_
- [doi:10.1016/0022-5088(59)90005-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2859%2990005-0) J.R. Knight, D.W. Rhys, The systems palladium - indium and palladium - tin, Journal of the Less Common Metals 1, 292-303 (1959).  
_cited as the source of values for this phase_

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite the ORCHID phase registry and the sources named on the page (TDB assessments, Hallstedt 2025, Materials Project, OQMD). TDB statements are quoted as written; parameter expressions are not reproduced. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt).