Pd–Zn phases
11 phases (tier A 8, tier C 1, liquid 1, needs_review 1); 10 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).
Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Pd–Zn system page · Markdown · field reference
| Phase | Structure | Basis | Stability (calculated) | Literature values | TDB models |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCC_A2 phase:pd-zn:bcc-a2 | W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 3 |
| B2_BCC phase:pd-zn:bcc-b2 | CsCl · B2 · cP2 · Pm-3m (221) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 834.01–1661.96 K, x(Zn) 0.30181–0.63676 | 4 | 1 |
| FCC_A1 phase:pd-zn:fcc-a1 | Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1834.71 K, x(Zn) 0–0.24892 | 0 | 2 |
| HCP_A3 phase:pd-zn:hcp-a3 | Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–2499.83 K, x(Zn) 0.98541–1 | 2 | 2 |
| LIQUID phase:pd-zn:liquid | liquid | liquid | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 681.08–2500 K, x(Zn) 0–1 | 7 | 2 |
| PD2ZN_C37 phase:pd-zn:pd2zn-c37 | Co2Si · C37 · oP12 · Pnma (62) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–964.49 K, x(Zn) 0.33333–0.33333 | 0 | 2 |
| PD2ZN9_D82 phase:pd-zn:pd2zn9-d82 | Cu5Zn8 · D8_2 · cI52 · I-43m (217) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1158.39 K, x(Zn) 0.765–0.8462 | 9 | 2 |
| PDZN_B2 phase:pd-zn:pdzn-b2 | CsCl · B2 · cP2 · Pm-3m (221) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 837.82–1653.1 K, x(Zn) 0.29653–0.65716 | 0 | 1 |
| PDZN_L2A phase:pd-zn:pdzn-l2a | CuTi-delta · L2_a · tP2 · P4/mmm (123) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1500 K, x(Zn) 0.3543–0.61878 | 10 | 2 |
| PDZN10 phase:pd-zn:pdzn10 | needs_review | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 560–707.35 K, x(Zn) 0.91–0.91 | 7 | 2 | |
| PDZN2 phase:pd-zn:pdzn2 | PdZn2 · oC48 · Cmmm (65) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–800 K, x(Zn) 0.66667–0.66667 | 10 | 2 |
BCC_A2 (Pd–Zn)
- Id:
phase:pd-zn:bcc-a2; statusassigned - Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type
st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: not stable in 2 calculated diagram(s)
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: phase registry entry
Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:pd-zn:bcc-a2
tdb: tdb:PdZn-06Viz.tdb:BCC_A2, tdb:PdZn-22Gon.tdb:A2_BCC, tdb:PdZn-22Gon.tdb:BCC_A2
TDB models of BCC_A2 (3): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
PdZn-06Viz.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 7b8570f7ef304c4f…
31: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 ! 32: CONST BCC_A2 : PD ZN : VA : !
PdZn-22Gon.tdb: A2_BCC, type code %B, sha256 99566a1833f6db68…
40: PHASE A2_BCC %B 2 1 3 ! 41: CONST A2_BCC : PD ZN : VA : !
PdZn-22Gon.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 99566a1833f6db68…
35: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 ! 36: CONST BCC_A2 : PD ZN : VA : !
Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):
- doi:10.1002/adem.200500248 J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).
assessment that models this phase - doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491 Rushi Gong, Shun-Li Shang, Hui Sun, Michael J. Janik, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Zn system with uncertainty quantification and its implication to tailor catalysts, Calphad 79, 102491 (2022).
assessment that models this phase
B2_BCC (Pd–Zn)
- Id:
phase:pd-zn:bcc-b2; statusassigned - Structure: CsCl · B2 · cP2 · Pm-3m (221); type
st:b2-cscl-cp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Caveat: PdZn-22Gon.tdb: ordered phase with disordered part A2_BCC (order/disorder model)
- Caveat: partitioned order/disorder model in PdZn-22Gon.tdb also describes the disordered state
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 834.01–1661.96 K, x(Zn) 0.30181–0.63676
- Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: phase registry entry
Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:pd-zn:bcc-b2
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491:β
system_alias: system_alias:pd-zn:beta
tdb: tdb:PdZn-22Gon.tdb:B2_BCC
TDB models of B2_BCC (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
PdZn-22Gon.tdb: B2_BCC, type code %BO, sha256 99566a1833f6db68…
45: PHASE B2_BCC %BO 3 0.5 0.5 3 ! 46: CONST B2_BCC : PD% ZN : PD ZN% : VA : !
Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):
- doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491 Rushi Gong, Shun-Li Shang, Hui Sun, Michael J. Janik, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Zn system with uncertainty quantification and its implication to tailor catalysts, Calphad 79, 102491 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
FCC_A1 (Pd–Zn)
- Id:
phase:pd-zn:fcc-a1; statusassigned - Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type
st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1834.71 K, x(Zn) 0–0.24892
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: phase registry entry
Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:pd-zn:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:PdZn-06Viz.tdb:FCC_A1, tdb:PdZn-22Gon.tdb:FCC_A1
TDB models of FCC_A1 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
PdZn-06Viz.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 7b8570f7ef304c4f…
26: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 ! 27: CONST FCC_A1 : PD% ZN : VA : !
PdZn-22Gon.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 99566a1833f6db68…
30: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 ! 31: CONST FCC_A1 : PD% ZN : VA : !
Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):
- doi:10.1002/adem.200500248 J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).
assessment that models this phase - doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491 Rushi Gong, Shun-Li Shang, Hui Sun, Michael J. Janik, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Zn system with uncertainty quantification and its implication to tailor catalysts, Calphad 79, 102491 (2022).
assessment that models this phase
HCP_A3 (Pd–Zn)
- Id:
phase:pd-zn:hcp-a3; statusassigned - Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type
st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–2499.83 K, x(Zn) 0.98541–1
- Literature: 2 values (2 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: phase registry entry
Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:pd-zn:hcp-a3
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491:HCP
tdb: tdb:PdZn-06Viz.tdb:HCP_A3, tdb:PdZn-22Gon.tdb:HCP_A3
TDB models of HCP_A3 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
PdZn-06Viz.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 7b8570f7ef304c4f…
36: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 ! 37: CONST HCP_A3 : PD ZN% : VA : !
PdZn-22Gon.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 99566a1833f6db68…
50: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 ! 51: CONST HCP_A3 : PD ZN% : VA : !
Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):
- doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491 Rushi Gong, Shun-Li Shang, Hui Sun, Michael J. Janik, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Zn system with uncertainty quantification and its implication to tailor catalysts, Calphad 79, 102491 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase - doi:10.1002/adem.200500248 J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).
assessment that models this phase
LIQUID (Pd–Zn)
- Id:
phase:pd-zn:liquid; statusassigned - Structure: liquid; type
st:liquid; liquid; confidence high - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 681.08–2500 K, x(Zn) 0–1
- Literature: 7 values (7 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: phase registry entry
Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:pd-zn:liquid
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491:Liquid
tdb: tdb:PdZn-06Viz.tdb:LIQUID, tdb:PdZn-22Gon.tdb:LIQUID
TDB models of LIQUID (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
PdZn-06Viz.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 7b8570f7ef304c4f…
21: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 ! 22: CONST LIQUID:L : PD ZN : !
PdZn-22Gon.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 99566a1833f6db68…
25: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 ! 26: CONST LIQUID:L : PD ZN : !
Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):
- doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491 Rushi Gong, Shun-Li Shang, Hui Sun, Michael J. Janik, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Zn system with uncertainty quantification and its implication to tailor catalysts, Calphad 79, 102491 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase - doi:10.1002/adem.200500248 J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).
assessment that models this phase
PD2ZN_C37 (Pd–Zn)
- Id:
phase:pd-zn:pd2zn-c37; statusassigned - Structure: Co2Si · C37 · oP12 · Pnma (62); type
st:c37-co2si-op12; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaackuau and oqmd-1800605, space group 62
- Stoichiometry: Pd 0.6667, Zn 0.3333
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–964.49 K, x(Zn) 0.33333–0.33333
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: phase registry entry
Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:pd-zn:pd2zn-c37
mp: mp:mp-aaackuau
oqmd: oqmd:oqmd-1800605
tdb: tdb:PdZn-06Viz.tdb:PD2ZN_C37, tdb:PdZn-22Gon.tdb:PD2ZN_C37
TDB models of PD2ZN_C37 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
PdZn-06Viz.tdb: PD2ZN_C37, type code %, sha256 7b8570f7ef304c4f…
41: PHASE PD2ZN_C37 % 2 2 1 ! 42: CONST PD2ZN_C37 : PD : ZN : !
PdZn-22Gon.tdb: PD2ZN_C37, type code %, sha256 99566a1833f6db68…
55: PHASE PD2ZN_C37 % 2 2 1 ! 56: CONST PD2ZN_C37 : PD : ZN : !
Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):
- doi:10.1002/adem.200500248 J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).
assessment that models this phase - doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491 Rushi Gong, Shun-Li Shang, Hui Sun, Michael J. Janik, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Zn system with uncertainty quantification and its implication to tailor catalysts, Calphad 79, 102491 (2022).
assessment that models this phase
PD2ZN9_D82 (Pd–Zn)
- Id:
phase:pd-zn:pd2zn9-d82; statusassigned - Structure: Cu5Zn8 · D8_2 · cI52 · I-43m (217); type
st:d8-2-cu5zn8-ci52; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Caveat: partitioned order/disorder model in PdZn-06Viz.tdb also describes the disordered state
- Caveat: partitioned order/disorder model in PdZn-22Gon.tdb also describes the disordered state
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1158.39 K, x(Zn) 0.765–0.8462
- Literature: 9 values (9 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: phase registry entry
Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:pd-zn:pd2zn9-d82
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491:γ
tdb: tdb:PdZn-06Viz.tdb:PD2ZN9_D82, tdb:PdZn-22Gon.tdb:PD2ZN9_D82
TDB models of PD2ZN9_D82 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
PdZn-06Viz.tdb: PD2ZN9_D82, type code %, sha256 7b8570f7ef304c4f…
61: PHASE PD2ZN9_D82 % 2 2 9 ! 62: CONST PD2ZN9_D82 : PD% ZN : PD ZN% : !
PdZn-22Gon.tdb: PD2ZN9_D82, type code %, sha256 99566a1833f6db68…
70: PHASE PD2ZN9_D82 % 4 2 3 2 6 ! 71: CONST PD2ZN9_D82 : PD ZN% : PD% ZN : PD% ZN : PD ZN% : !
Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):
- doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491 Rushi Gong, Shun-Li Shang, Hui Sun, Michael J. Janik, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Zn system with uncertainty quantification and its implication to tailor catalysts, Calphad 79, 102491 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase - doi:10.1002/adem.200500248 J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).
assessment that models this phase
PDZN_B2 (Pd–Zn)
- Id:
phase:pd-zn:pdzn-b2; statusassigned - Structure: CsCl · B2 · cP2 · Pm-3m (221); type
st:b2-cscl-cp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Caveat: partitioned order/disorder model in PdZn-06Viz.tdb also describes the disordered state
- Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 837.82–1653.1 K, x(Zn) 0.29653–0.65716
- Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
- Interactive: phase registry entry
Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:pd-zn:pdzn-b2
system_alias: system_alias:pd-zn:beta
tdb: tdb:PdZn-06Viz.tdb:PDZN_B2
TDB models of PDZN_B2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
PdZn-06Viz.tdb: PDZN_B2, type code %, sha256 7b8570f7ef304c4f…
51: PHASE PDZN_B2 % 2 1 1 ! 52: CONST PDZN_B2 : PD% ZN : PD ZN% : !
Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):
- doi:10.1002/adem.200500248 J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).
assessment that models this phase
PDZN_L2A (Pd–Zn)
- Id:
phase:pd-zn:pdzn-l2a; statusassigned - Structure: CuTi-delta · L2_a · tP2 · P4/mmm (123); type
st:l2-a-cuti-delta-tp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–1500 K, x(Zn) 0.3543–0.61878
- Literature: 10 values (9 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: phase registry entry
Names (6): corpus: corpus:phase:pd-zn:pdzn-l2a
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491:β1, paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491:β1 phase
system_alias: system_alias:pd-zn:beta1
tdb: tdb:PdZn-06Viz.tdb:PDZN_L2A, tdb:PdZn-22Gon.tdb:PDZN_L2A
TDB models of PDZN_L2A (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
PdZn-06Viz.tdb: PDZN_L2A, type code %, sha256 7b8570f7ef304c4f…
46: PHASE PDZN_L2A % 2 1 1 ! 47: CONST PDZN_L2A : PD% ZN : PD ZN% : !
PdZn-22Gon.tdb: PDZN_L2A, type code %, sha256 99566a1833f6db68…
60: PHASE PDZN_L2A % 2 1 1 ! 61: CONST PDZN_L2A : PD% ZN : PD ZN% : !
Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):
- doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491 Rushi Gong, Shun-Li Shang, Hui Sun, Michael J. Janik, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Zn system with uncertainty quantification and its implication to tailor catalysts, Calphad 79, 102491 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase - doi:10.1002/adem.200500248 J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).
assessment that models this phase
PDZN10 (Pd–Zn)
- Id:
phase:pd-zn:pdzn10; statusneeds_review - No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_both; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
- Candidate (literature_printed): (PdZn10) · hP* — printed with a label mapped to this phase
- Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (PdZn10) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for PDZN10: PdZn10 (eta)
- Stoichiometry: Pd 0.0900, Zn 0.9100
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 560–707.35 K, x(Zn) 0.91–0.91
- Literature: 7 values (7 accepted) from 2 papers
- Interactive: phase registry entry
Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:pd-zn:pdzn10
paper: paper:10.1002/adem.200500248:η, paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491:Pd9Zn91
tdb: tdb:PdZn-06Viz.tdb:PDZN10, tdb:PdZn-22Gon.tdb:PDZN10
TDB models of PDZN10 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
PdZn-06Viz.tdb: PDZN10, type code %, sha256 7b8570f7ef304c4f…
66: PHASE PDZN10 % 2 0.09 0.91 ! 67: CONST PDZN10 : PD : ZN : !
PdZn-22Gon.tdb: PDZN10, type code %, sha256 99566a1833f6db68…
75: PHASE PDZN10 % 2 0.09 0.91 ! 76: CONST PDZN10 : PD : ZN : !
Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):
- doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491 Rushi Gong, Shun-Li Shang, Hui Sun, Michael J. Janik, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Zn system with uncertainty quantification and its implication to tailor catalysts, Calphad 79, 102491 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase - doi:10.1002/adem.200500248 J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
PDZN2 (Pd–Zn)
- Id:
phase:pd-zn:pdzn2; statusassigned - Structure: PdZn2 · oC48 · Cmmm (65); type
st:pdzn2-oc48; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated - Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
- Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (mp_oqmd_space_groups_differ, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
- Stoichiometry: Pd 0.3333, Zn 0.6667
- Stability: stable in 2 of 2 calculated diagram(s): 300–800 K, x(Zn) 0.66667–0.66667
- Literature: 10 values (10 accepted) from 1 papers
- Interactive: phase registry entry
Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:pd-zn:pdzn2
paper: paper:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491:PdZn2
tdb: tdb:PdZn-06Viz.tdb:PDZN2, tdb:PdZn-22Gon.tdb:PDZN2
TDB models of PDZN2 (2): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written
PdZn-06Viz.tdb: PDZN2, type code %, sha256 7b8570f7ef304c4f…
56: PHASE PDZN2 % 2 1 2 ! 57: CONST PDZN2 : PD : ZN : !
PdZn-22Gon.tdb: PDZN2, type code %, sha256 99566a1833f6db68…
65: PHASE PDZN2 % 2 1 2 ! 66: CONST PDZN2 : PD : ZN : !
Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):
- doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102491 Rushi Gong, Shun-Li Shang, Hui Sun, Michael J. Janik, Zi-Kui Liu, Thermodynamic modeling of the Pd–Zn system with uncertainty quantification and its implication to tailor catalysts, Calphad 79, 102491 (2022).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase - doi:10.1002/adem.200500248 J. Vizdal, A. Kroupa, J. Popovic, A. Zemanova, The Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in the Pd–Zn (‐Sn) System, Adv Eng Mater 8, 164-176 (2006).
assessment that models this phase