# Ru–Sm phases > Ru–Sm system: 9 phases (tier A 5, tier C 2, liquid 1, needs_review 1); 8 stable in a calculated diagram in the ORCHID phase registry, with names, structure type when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules, calculated stability, verbatim TDB PHASE/CONSTITUENT statements and example references. HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/RU-SM.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/RU-SM.md 9 phases (tier A 5, tier C 2, liquid 1, needs_review 1); 8 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model). Data: [interactive registry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/?q=RU-SM) · [full JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/systems/RU-SM.json) · [Ru–Sm system page](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/RU-SM.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/RU-SM.md) · [field reference](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md) Table: Phases of the Ru–Sm system (9) | Phase | Structure | Basis | Stability (calculated) | Literature values | TDB models | |---|---|---|---|---:|---:| | [BCC_A2](#phase-ru-sm-bcc-a2); _phase:ru-sm:bcc-a2_ | W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1192.01–1345 K, x(Sm) 0.99999–1 | 0 | 1 | | [FCC_A1](#phase-ru-sm-fcc-a1); _phase:ru-sm:fcc-a1_ | Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225) | tier A: standard phase name | not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s) | 0 | 1 | | [HCP_A3](#phase-ru-sm-hcp-a3); _phase:ru-sm:hcp-a3_ | Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2627.36 K, x(Sm) 0–1 | 0 | 1 | | [LIQUID](#phase-ru-sm-liquid); _phase:ru-sm:liquid_ | liquid | liquid | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1048.98–4000 K, x(Sm) 0–1 | 0 | 1 | | [RHOMB_C19](#phase-ru-sm-rhomb-c19); _phase:ru-sm:rhomb-c19_ | CdCl2 · C19 · hR3 · R-3m (166) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1191.87 K, x(Sm) 1–1 | 0 | 1 | | [RU25SM44](#phase-ru-sm-ru25sm44); _phase:ru-sm:ru25sm44_ | Ru25Y44 · oP276 · Pnna (52) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1210.37 K, x(Sm) 0.63768–0.63768 | 0 | 1 | | [RU2SM_C15](#phase-ru-sm-ru2sm-c15); _phase:ru-sm:ru2sm-c15_ | | needs_review | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2171.2 K, x(Sm) 0.33333–0.33333 | 0 | 1 | | [RU2SM5](#phase-ru-sm-ru2sm5); _phase:ru-sm:ru2sm5_ | Mn5C2 · mC28 · C2/c (15) | tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table) | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1228.98 K, x(Sm) 0.71429–0.71429 | 0 | 1 | | [RUSM3_D011](#phase-ru-sm-rusm3-d011); _phase:ru-sm:rusm3-d011_ | Fe3C · D0_11 · oP16 · Pnma (62) | tier A: standard phase name | stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1194.35 K, x(Sm) 0.75–0.75 | 0 | 1 | ## BCC_A2 (Ru–Sm) - Id: `phase:ru-sm:bcc-a2`; status `assigned` - Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type `st:a2-w-ci2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1192.01–1345 K, x(Sm) 0.99999–1 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ru-sm:bcc-a2) Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ru-sm:bcc-a2 _tdb: _tdb:RuSm-23Kar.tdb:BCC_A2 ### TDB models of BCC_A2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [RuSm-23Kar.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/RuSm-23Kar.tdb): BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 `a4c9d51d324b0c37…` ~~~~text 39: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 ! 40: CONST BCC_A2 : RU SM% : VA : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1) S. Kardellass, C. Corvalan-Moya, V. P. Vassiliev, Thermodynamic Modeling of the (Ce and Sm)-Ru Binary Systems Based on Linear, Exponential, and Combined Models Aided by Ab-Initio Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 44, 300-323 (2023). _assessment that models this phase_ ## FCC_A1 (Ru–Sm) - Id: `phase:ru-sm:fcc-a1`; status `assigned` - Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type `st:a1-cu-cf4`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stoichiometry: Ru 1.0000 - Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s) - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ru-sm:fcc-a1) Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ru-sm:fcc-a1 _tdb: _tdb:RuSm-23Kar.tdb:FCC_A1 ### TDB models of FCC_A1 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [RuSm-23Kar.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/RuSm-23Kar.tdb): FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 `a4c9d51d324b0c37…` ~~~~text 34: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 ! 35: CONST FCC_A1 : RU : VA : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1) S. Kardellass, C. Corvalan-Moya, V. P. Vassiliev, Thermodynamic Modeling of the (Ce and Sm)-Ru Binary Systems Based on Linear, Exponential, and Combined Models Aided by Ab-Initio Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 44, 300-323 (2023). _assessment that models this phase_ ## HCP_A3 (Ru–Sm) - Id: `phase:ru-sm:hcp-a3`; status `assigned` - Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type `st:a3-mg-hp2`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2627.36 K, x(Sm) 0–1 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ru-sm:hcp-a3) Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ru-sm:hcp-a3 _tdb: _tdb:RuSm-23Kar.tdb:HCP_A3 ### TDB models of HCP_A3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [RuSm-23Kar.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/RuSm-23Kar.tdb): HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 `a4c9d51d324b0c37…` ~~~~text 44: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 ! 45: CONST HCP_A3 : RU% SM% : VA : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1) S. Kardellass, C. Corvalan-Moya, V. P. Vassiliev, Thermodynamic Modeling of the (Ce and Sm)-Ru Binary Systems Based on Linear, Exponential, and Combined Models Aided by Ab-Initio Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 44, 300-323 (2023). _assessment that models this phase_ ## LIQUID (Ru–Sm) - Id: `phase:ru-sm:liquid`; status `assigned` - Structure: liquid; type `st:liquid`; liquid; confidence high - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1048.98–4000 K, x(Sm) 0–1 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ru-sm:liquid) Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ru-sm:liquid _tdb: _tdb:RuSm-23Kar.tdb:LIQUID ### TDB models of LIQUID (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [RuSm-23Kar.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/RuSm-23Kar.tdb): LIQUID, type code %, sha256 `a4c9d51d324b0c37…` ~~~~text 29: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 ! 30: CONST LIQUID:L : RU SM : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1) S. Kardellass, C. Corvalan-Moya, V. P. Vassiliev, Thermodynamic Modeling of the (Ce and Sm)-Ru Binary Systems Based on Linear, Exponential, and Combined Models Aided by Ab-Initio Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 44, 300-323 (2023). _assessment that models this phase_ ## RHOMB_C19 (Ru–Sm) - Id: `phase:ru-sm:rhomb-c19`; status `assigned` - Structure: CdCl2 · C19 · hR3 · R-3m (166); type `st:c19-cdcl2-hr3`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Stoichiometry: Sm 1.0000 - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1191.87 K, x(Sm) 1–1 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ru-sm:rhomb-c19) Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ru-sm:rhomb-c19 _tdb: _tdb:RuSm-23Kar.tdb:RHOMB_C19 ### TDB models of RHOMB_C19 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [RuSm-23Kar.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/RuSm-23Kar.tdb): RHOMB_C19, type code %, sha256 `a4c9d51d324b0c37…` ~~~~text 49: PHASE RHOMB_C19 % 1 1 ! 50: CONST RHOMB_C19 : SM : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1) S. Kardellass, C. Corvalan-Moya, V. P. Vassiliev, Thermodynamic Modeling of the (Ce and Sm)-Ru Binary Systems Based on Linear, Exponential, and Combined Models Aided by Ab-Initio Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 44, 300-323 (2023). _assessment that models this phase_ ## RU25SM44 (Ru–Sm) - Id: `phase:ru-sm:ru25sm44`; status `assigned` - Structure: Ru25Y44 · oP276 · Pnna (52); type `st:ru25y44-op276`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated - Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833) - Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system - Stoichiometry: Ru 0.3623, Sm 0.6377 - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1210.37 K, x(Sm) 0.63768–0.63768 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ru-sm:ru25sm44) Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ru-sm:ru25sm44 _tdb: _tdb:RuSm-23Kar.tdb:RU25SM44 ### TDB models of RU25SM44 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [RuSm-23Kar.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/RuSm-23Kar.tdb): RU25SM44, type code %, sha256 `a4c9d51d324b0c37…` ~~~~text 59: PHASE RU25SM44 % 2 25 44 ! 60: CONST RU25SM44 : RU : SM : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1) S. Kardellass, C. Corvalan-Moya, V. P. Vassiliev, Thermodynamic Modeling of the (Ce and Sm)-Ru Binary Systems Based on Linear, Exponential, and Combined Models Aided by Ab-Initio Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 44, 300-323 (2023). _assessment that models this phase_ ## RU2SM_C15 (Ru–Sm) - Id: `phase:ru-sm:ru2sm-c15`; status `needs_review` - No structure assigned. Why: assessment_declared_blocked_by:name_suggests_C15_but_dft_space_group_194; name_suggests_C15_but_dft_space_group_194 - Candidate (dft_mp): P6_3/mmc (194) — on-hull MP SmRu2 at x(SM)=0.3333 - Candidate (dft_oqmd): P63/mmc (194) — on-hull OQMD Ru2 Sm1 at x(SM)=0.3333 - Candidate (name_token): Cu2Mg · C15 · cF24 · Fd-3m (227) — Strukturbericht/word 'C15' in the TDB name - Candidate (sgte_mmc2): Cu2Mg · C15 · cF24 · Fd-3m (227) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for RU2SM_C15: Ru2Sm - Candidate (tdb_comment): Cu2Mg · cF24 · Fd-3m — RuSm-23Kar.tdb: 'Prototype Cu2Mg (cF24, Fd-3m)' - Stoichiometry: Ru 0.6667, Sm 0.3333 - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2171.2 K, x(Sm) 0.33333–0.33333 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ru-sm:ru2sm-c15) Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ru-sm:ru2sm-c15 _tdb: _tdb:RuSm-23Kar.tdb:RU2SM_C15 ### TDB models of RU2SM_C15 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [RuSm-23Kar.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/RuSm-23Kar.tdb): RU2SM_C15, type code %, sha256 `a4c9d51d324b0c37…` ~~~~text 54: PHASE RU2SM_C15 % 2 2 1 ! 55: CONST RU2SM_C15 : RU : SM : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1) S. Kardellass, C. Corvalan-Moya, V. P. Vassiliev, Thermodynamic Modeling of the (Ce and Sm)-Ru Binary Systems Based on Linear, Exponential, and Combined Models Aided by Ab-Initio Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 44, 300-323 (2023). _assessment that models this phase_ ## RU2SM5 (Ru–Sm) - Id: `phase:ru-sm:ru2sm5`; status `assigned` - Structure: Mn5C2 · mC28 · C2/c (15); type `st:mn5c2-mc28`; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated - Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833) - Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (dft_space_group_15_matches_2_structure_types, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system - Stoichiometry: Ru 0.2857, Sm 0.7143 - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1228.98 K, x(Sm) 0.71429–0.71429 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ru-sm:ru2sm5) Names (2): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ru-sm:ru2sm5 _tdb: _tdb:RuSm-23Kar.tdb:RU2SM5 ### TDB models of RU2SM5 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [RuSm-23Kar.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/RuSm-23Kar.tdb): RU2SM5, type code %, sha256 `a4c9d51d324b0c37…` ~~~~text 64: PHASE RU2SM5 % 2 2 5 ! 65: CONST RU2SM5 : RU : SM : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1) S. Kardellass, C. Corvalan-Moya, V. P. Vassiliev, Thermodynamic Modeling of the (Ce and Sm)-Ru Binary Systems Based on Linear, Exponential, and Combined Models Aided by Ab-Initio Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 44, 300-323 (2023). _assessment that models this phase_ ## RUSM3_D011 (Ru–Sm) - Id: `phase:ru-sm:rusm3-d011`; status `assigned` - Structure: Fe3C · D0_11 · oP16 · Pnma (62); type `st:d0-11-fe3c-op16`; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high - Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaacpppd and oqmd-1437305, space group 62 - Stoichiometry: Ru 0.2500, Sm 0.7500 - Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1194.35 K, x(Sm) 0.75–0.75 - Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers - Interactive: [phase registry entry](https://orchid-project.org/phases/#phase:ru-sm:rusm3-d011) Names (4): _corpus: _corpus:phase:ru-sm:rusm3-d011 _mp: _mp:mp-aaacpppd _oqmd: _oqmd:oqmd-1437305 _tdb: _tdb:RuSm-23Kar.tdb:RUSM3_D011 ### TDB models of RUSM3_D011 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written [RuSm-23Kar.tdb](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/RuSm-23Kar.tdb): RUSM3_D011, type code %, sha256 `a4c9d51d324b0c37…` ~~~~text 69: PHASE RUSM3_D011 % 2 1 3 ! 70: CONST RUSM3_D011 : RU : SM : ! ~~~~ Example references (1 of 1; assessments first): - [doi:10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1) S. Kardellass, C. Corvalan-Moya, V. P. Vassiliev, Thermodynamic Modeling of the (Ce and Sm)-Ru Binary Systems Based on Linear, Exponential, and Combined Models Aided by Ab-Initio Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 44, 300-323 (2023). _assessment that models this phase_ ## Please cite - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065 Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes. ```bibtex @misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_data_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } ``` --- Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite the ORCHID phase registry and the sources named on the page (TDB assessments, Hallstedt 2025, Materials Project, OQMD). TDB statements are quoted as written; parameter expressions are not reproduced. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt).