Ru–U phases

12 phases (tier A 5, tier C 1, liquid 1, needs_review 5); 11 stable in a calculated diagram. Structure types are assigned only when the stored evidence supports an assignment under the stated tier rules (tier A: standard phase name; tier B: unique Materials Project + OQMD on-hull match, DFT-supported; tier C: one structure stated by the assessment's crystallographic table, assessor-stated); other phases list candidates and are marked needs_review. Stability is from phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad from the SGTE binary collection (evidence class: model).

Data: interactive registry · full JSON · Ru–U system page · Markdown · field reference

Phases of the Ru–U system (12)
Phase	Structure	Basis	Stability (calculated)	Literature values	TDB models
ORTHORHOMBIC_A20 phase:ru-u:a20-orthorhombic	alpha-U · A20 · oC4 · Cmcm (63)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1047.02 K, x(U) 1–1	0	1
BCC_A2 phase:ru-u:bcc-a2	W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 962.06–3999.24 K, x(U) 0.92248–1	14	1
FCC_A1 phase:ru-u:fcc-a1	Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225)	tier A: standard phase name	not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)	0	1
HCP_A3 phase:ru-u:hcp-a3	Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2676.37 K, x(U) 0–3e-05	6	1
LIQUID phase:ru-u:liquid	liquid	liquid	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1149.14–4000 K, x(U) 0–1	40	1
RU3U_L12 phase:ru-u:ru3u-l12	AuCu3 · L1_2 · cP4 · Pm-3m (221)	tier A: standard phase name	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1998.76 K, x(U) 0.25–0.25	16	1
RU4U3 phase:ru-u:ru4u3		needs_review	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1451.77 K, x(U) 0.42857–0.42857	10	1
RU5U3 phase:ru-u:ru5u3		needs_review	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1466.23 K, x(U) 0.375–0.375	12	1
RUU_HT phase:ru-u:ruu-ht		needs_review	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1060–1413.54 K, x(U) 0.52–0.52	18	1
RUU_LT phase:ru-u:ruu-lt		needs_review	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1405 K, x(U) 0.52–0.52	4	1
RUU2 phase:ru-u:ruu2	RuU2 · mC12 · C2/m (12)	tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table)	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1218.09 K, x(U) 0.66667–0.66667	30	1
TETRAGONAL_U phase:ru-u:u-tetragonal		needs_review	stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 900.42–1047.02 K, x(U) 0.97921–1	20	1

ORTHORHOMBIC_A20 (Ru–U)

Id: phase:ru-u:a20-orthorhombic; status assigned
Structure: alpha-U · A20 · oC4 · Cmcm (63); type st:a20-alpha-u-oc4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stoichiometry: U 1.0000
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1047.02 K, x(U) 1–1
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ru-u:a20-orthorhombic
tdb: tdb:RuU-11Ber.tdb:ORTHORHOMBIC_A20

TDB models of ORTHORHOMBIC_A20 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

RuU-11Ber.tdb: ORTHORHOMBIC_A20, type code %, sha256 10085bc2e845e4f3…

45: PHASE ORTHORHOMBIC_A20 % 1 1 !
46: CONST ORTHORHOMBIC_A20 : U : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043 A. Berche, N. Dupin, C. Guéneau, C. Rado, B. Sundman, J.C. Dumas, Calphad thermodynamic description of some binary systems involving U, Journal of Nuclear Materials 411, 131-143 (2011).
assessment that models this phase

BCC_A2 (Ru–U)

Id: phase:ru-u:bcc-a2; status assigned
Structure: W · A2 · cI2 · Im-3m (229); type st:a2-w-ci2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 962.06–3999.24 K, x(U) 0.92248–1
Literature: 14 values (14 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ru-u:bcc-a2
paper: paper:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043:bcc
tdb: tdb:RuU-11Ber.tdb:BCC_A2

TDB models of BCC_A2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

RuU-11Ber.tdb: BCC_A2, type code %B, sha256 10085bc2e845e4f3…

35: PHASE BCC_A2 %B 2 1 3 !
36: CONST BCC_A2 : RU U : VA : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043 A. Berche, N. Dupin, C. Guéneau, C. Rado, B. Sundman, J.C. Dumas, Calphad thermodynamic description of some binary systems involving U, Journal of Nuclear Materials 411, 131-143 (2011).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.6028/jres.072a.001 John J. Park, Reactions of uranium with the platinide elements. I. The uranium-ruthenium system, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A. 72A, 1 (1968).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-3115(65)90044-9 R.F. Hills, B.W. Howlett, B.R. Butcher, D. Stewart, The effect of cooling rate and composition on the transformation of the gamma-phase in uranium ruthenium alloys (with an appendix on ruthenium as a grain-refining element), Journal of Nuclear Materials 16, 109-128 (1965).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(76)90244-7 A.A. Abou-Zahra, F.H. Hammad, The uranium-rich region of the uranium-ruthenium binary system, Journal of the Less Common Metals 48, 177-181 (1976).
cited as the source of values for this phase

FCC_A1 (Ru–U)

Id: phase:ru-u:fcc-a1; status assigned
Structure: Cu · A1 · cF4 · Fm-3m (225); type st:a1-cu-cf4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: not stable in 1 calculated diagram(s)
Literature: 0 values (0 accepted) from 0 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (2): corpus: corpus:phase:ru-u:fcc-a1
tdb: tdb:RuU-11Ber.tdb:FCC_A1

TDB models of FCC_A1 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

RuU-11Ber.tdb: FCC_A1, type code %A, sha256 10085bc2e845e4f3…

30: PHASE FCC_A1 %A 2 1 1 !
31: CONST FCC_A1 : RU U : VA : !

Example references (1 of 1; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043 A. Berche, N. Dupin, C. Guéneau, C. Rado, B. Sundman, J.C. Dumas, Calphad thermodynamic description of some binary systems involving U, Journal of Nuclear Materials 411, 131-143 (2011).
assessment that models this phase

HCP_A3 (Ru–U)

Id: phase:ru-u:hcp-a3; status assigned
Structure: Mg · A3 · hP2 · P6_3/mmc (194); type st:a3-mg-hp2; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–2676.37 K, x(U) 0–3e-05
Literature: 6 values (6 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ru-u:hcp-a3
paper: paper:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043:hcp
tdb: tdb:RuU-11Ber.tdb:HCP_A3

TDB models of HCP_A3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

RuU-11Ber.tdb: HCP_A3, type code %A, sha256 10085bc2e845e4f3…

40: PHASE HCP_A3 %A 2 1 0.5 !
41: CONST HCP_A3 : RU% U : VA : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043 A. Berche, N. Dupin, C. Guéneau, C. Rado, B. Sundman, J.C. Dumas, Calphad thermodynamic description of some binary systems involving U, Journal of Nuclear Materials 411, 131-143 (2011).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-3115(94)90381-6 Richard E. Mason, Mohamed S. El-Genk, Experimental investigation of the ruthenium-uranium and rhenium-uranium binary systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 217, 304-321 (1994).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.6028/jres.072a.001 John J. Park, Reactions of uranium with the platinide elements. I. The uranium-ruthenium system, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A. 72A, 1 (1968).
cited as the source of values for this phase

LIQUID (Ru–U)

Id: phase:ru-u:liquid; status assigned
Structure: liquid; type st:liquid; liquid; confidence high
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1149.14–4000 K, x(U) 0–1
Literature: 40 values (40 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (4): corpus: corpus:phase:ru-u:liquid
paper: paper:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043:L, paper:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043:Liquid
tdb: tdb:RuU-11Ber.tdb:LIQUID

TDB models of LIQUID (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

RuU-11Ber.tdb: LIQUID, type code %, sha256 10085bc2e845e4f3…

25: PHASE LIQUID:L % 1 1 !
26: CONST LIQUID:L : RU U : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043 A. Berche, N. Dupin, C. Guéneau, C. Rado, B. Sundman, J.C. Dumas, Calphad thermodynamic description of some binary systems involving U, Journal of Nuclear Materials 411, 131-143 (2011).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.6028/jres.072a.001 John J. Park, Reactions of uranium with the platinide elements. I. The uranium-ruthenium system, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A. 72A, 1 (1968).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-3115(94)90381-6 Richard E. Mason, Mohamed S. El-Genk, Experimental investigation of the ruthenium-uranium and rhenium-uranium binary systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 217, 304-321 (1994).
cited as the source of values for this phase

RU3U_L12 (Ru–U)

Id: phase:ru-u:ru3u-l12; status assigned
Structure: AuCu3 · L1_2 · cP4 · Pm-3m (221); type st:l1-2-aucu3-cp4; tier A: standard phase name; confidence high
Caveat: DFT agrees: on-hull mp-aaaaabwp and oqmd-18098, space group 221
Stoichiometry: Ru 0.7500, U 0.2500
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1998.76 K, x(U) 0.25–0.25
Literature: 16 values (16 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (5): corpus: corpus:phase:ru-u:ru3u-l12
mp: mp:mp-aaaaabwp
oqmd: oqmd:oqmd-18098
paper: paper:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043:Ru3U
tdb: tdb:RuU-11Ber.tdb:RU3U_L12

TDB models of RU3U_L12 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

RuU-11Ber.tdb: RU3U_L12, type code %, sha256 10085bc2e845e4f3…

55: PHASE RU3U_L12 % 2 3 1 !
56: CONST RU3U_L12 : RU : U : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043 A. Berche, N. Dupin, C. Guéneau, C. Rado, B. Sundman, J.C. Dumas, Calphad thermodynamic description of some binary systems involving U, Journal of Nuclear Materials 411, 131-143 (2011).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-3115(94)90381-6 Richard E. Mason, Mohamed S. El-Genk, Experimental investigation of the ruthenium-uranium and rhenium-uranium binary systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 217, 304-321 (1994).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.6028/jres.072a.001 John J. Park, Reactions of uranium with the platinide elements. I. The uranium-ruthenium system, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A. 72A, 1 (1968).
cited as the source of values for this phase

RU4U3 (Ru–U)

Id: phase:ru-u:ru4u3; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_both; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
Candidate (literature_printed): (Ru4U3) · ? — printed with a label mapped to this phase
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Ru4U3) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for RU4U3: Ru4U3
Stoichiometry: Ru 0.5714, U 0.4286
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1451.77 K, x(U) 0.42857–0.42857
Literature: 10 values (10 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ru-u:ru4u3
paper: paper:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043:Ru4U3
tdb: tdb:RuU-11Ber.tdb:RU4U3

TDB models of RU4U3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

RuU-11Ber.tdb: RU4U3, type code %, sha256 10085bc2e845e4f3…

65: PHASE RU4U3 % 2 4 3 !
66: CONST RU4U3 : RU : U : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043 A. Berche, N. Dupin, C. Guéneau, C. Rado, B. Sundman, J.C. Dumas, Calphad thermodynamic description of some binary systems involving U, Journal of Nuclear Materials 411, 131-143 (2011).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.6028/jres.072a.001 John J. Park, Reactions of uranium with the platinide elements. I. The uranium-ruthenium system, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A. 72A, 1 (1968).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-3115(94)90381-6 Richard E. Mason, Mohamed S. El-Genk, Experimental investigation of the ruthenium-uranium and rhenium-uranium binary systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 217, 304-321 (1994).
cited as the source of values for this phase

RU5U3 (Ru–U)

Id: phase:ru-u:ru5u3; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: no_on_hull_entry_in_both; no_structure_token; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
Candidate (literature_printed): (Ru5U3) · ? — printed with a label mapped to this phase
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (Ru5U3) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for RU5U3: Ru5U3
Stoichiometry: Ru 0.6250, U 0.3750
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1466.23 K, x(U) 0.375–0.375
Literature: 12 values (12 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ru-u:ru5u3
paper: paper:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043:Ru5U3
tdb: tdb:RuU-11Ber.tdb:RU5U3

TDB models of RU5U3 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

RuU-11Ber.tdb: RU5U3, type code %, sha256 10085bc2e845e4f3…

60: PHASE RU5U3 % 2 5 3 !
61: CONST RU5U3 : RU : U : !

Example references (3 of 3; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043 A. Berche, N. Dupin, C. Guéneau, C. Rado, B. Sundman, J.C. Dumas, Calphad thermodynamic description of some binary systems involving U, Journal of Nuclear Materials 411, 131-143 (2011).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-3115(94)90381-6 Richard E. Mason, Mohamed S. El-Genk, Experimental investigation of the ruthenium-uranium and rhenium-uranium binary systems, Journal of Nuclear Materials 217, 304-321 (1994).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.6028/jres.072a.001 John J. Park, Reactions of uranium with the platinide elements. I. The uranium-ruthenium system, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A. 72A, 1 (1968).
cited as the source of values for this phase

RUU_HT (Ru–U)

Id: phase:ru-u:ruu-ht; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: no_structure_token; polymorph_family:other phases of this system have the same composition; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
Candidate (literature_printed): (RuU-HT) · ? — printed with a label mapped to this phase
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (RuU-HT) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for RUU_HT: RuU (high T)
Stoichiometry: Ru 0.4800, U 0.5200
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 1060–1413.54 K, x(U) 0.52–0.52
Literature: 18 values (18 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ru-u:ruu-ht
paper: paper:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043:RuU-H
tdb: tdb:RuU-11Ber.tdb:RUU_HT

TDB models of RUU_HT (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

RuU-11Ber.tdb: RUU_HT, type code %, sha256 10085bc2e845e4f3…

75: PHASE RUU_HT % 2 0.48 0.52 !
76: CONST RUU_HT : RU : U : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043 A. Berche, N. Dupin, C. Guéneau, C. Rado, B. Sundman, J.C. Dumas, Calphad thermodynamic description of some binary systems involving U, Journal of Nuclear Materials 411, 131-143 (2011).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.6028/jres.072a.001 John J. Park, Reactions of uranium with the platinide elements. I. The uranium-ruthenium system, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A. 72A, 1 (1968).
cited as the source of values for this phase

RUU_LT (Ru–U)

Id: phase:ru-u:ruu-lt; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: no_structure_token; polymorph_family:other phases of this system have the same composition; sgte_mmc2_row_incomplete
Candidate (literature_printed): (RuU-LT) · ? — printed with a label mapped to this phase
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): (RuU-LT) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for RUU_LT: RuU (low T)
Stoichiometry: Ru 0.4800, U 0.5200
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1405 K, x(U) 0.52–0.52
Literature: 4 values (4 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ru-u:ruu-lt
paper: paper:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043:RuU-L
tdb: tdb:RuU-11Ber.tdb:RUU_LT

TDB models of RUU_LT (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

RuU-11Ber.tdb: RUU_LT, type code %, sha256 10085bc2e845e4f3…

70: PHASE RUU_LT % 2 0.48 0.52 !
71: CONST RUU_LT : RU : U : !

Example references (2 of 2; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043 A. Berche, N. Dupin, C. Guéneau, C. Rado, B. Sundman, J.C. Dumas, Calphad thermodynamic description of some binary systems involving U, Journal of Nuclear Materials 411, 131-143 (2011).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.6028/jres.072a.001 John J. Park, Reactions of uranium with the platinide elements. I. The uranium-ruthenium system, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A. 72A, 1 (1968).
cited as the source of values for this phase

RUU2 (Ru–U)

Id: phase:ru-u:ruu2; status assigned
Structure: RuU2 · mC12 · C2/m (12); type st:ruu2-mc12; tier C: assessor-stated (Hallstedt 2025 crystallographic table); confidence assessor-stated
Structure source: B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, supplementary crystallographic table (mmc2) doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833
Caveat: not certain from the name or DFT alone (no_on_hull_entry_in_both, no_structure_token); structure as stated in the SGTE crystallographic table for this phase name and system
Stoichiometry: Ru 0.3333, U 0.6667
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 300–1218.09 K, x(U) 0.66667–0.66667
Literature: 30 values (30 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ru-u:ruu2
paper: paper:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043:RuU2
tdb: tdb:RuU-11Ber.tdb:RUU2

TDB models of RUU2 (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

RuU-11Ber.tdb: RUU2, type code %, sha256 10085bc2e845e4f3…

80: PHASE RUU2 % 2 1 2 !
81: CONST RUU2 : RU : U : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043 A. Berche, N. Dupin, C. Guéneau, C. Rado, B. Sundman, J.C. Dumas, Calphad thermodynamic description of some binary systems involving U, Journal of Nuclear Materials 411, 131-143 (2011).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.6028/jres.072a.001 John J. Park, Reactions of uranium with the platinide elements. I. The uranium-ruthenium system, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A. 72A, 1 (1968).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-3115(65)90044-9 R.F. Hills, B.W. Howlett, B.R. Butcher, D. Stewart, The effect of cooling rate and composition on the transformation of the gamma-phase in uranium ruthenium alloys (with an appendix on ruthenium as a grain-refining element), Journal of Nuclear Materials 16, 109-128 (1965).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(76)90244-7 A.A. Abou-Zahra, F.H. Hammad, The uranium-rich region of the uranium-ruthenium binary system, Journal of the Less Common Metals 48, 177-181 (1976).
cited as the source of values for this phase

TETRAGONAL_U (Ru–U)

Id: phase:ru-u:u-tetragonal; status needs_review
No structure assigned. Why: name_has_descriptive_tokens:TETRAGONAL; no_structure_token
Candidate (sgte_mmc2): beta-U · A_b · tP30 · P4_2/mnm (136) — Hallstedt 2025 mmc2 row for TETRAGONAL_U: beta-U
Candidate (tdb_comment): beta-U · tP30 · P4_2/mnm, SB: A_b — RuU-11Ber.tdb: 'Prototype beta-U (tP30, P4_2/mnm, SB: A_b)'
Stability: stable in 1 of 1 calculated diagram(s): 900.42–1047.02 K, x(U) 0.97921–1
Literature: 20 values (20 accepted) from 1 papers
Interactive: phase registry entry

Names (3): corpus: corpus:phase:ru-u:u-tetragonal
paper: paper:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043:β-U
tdb: tdb:RuU-11Ber.tdb:TETRAGONAL_U

TDB models of TETRAGONAL_U (1): PHASE and CONSTITUENT statements as written

RuU-11Ber.tdb: TETRAGONAL_U, type code %, sha256 10085bc2e845e4f3…

50: PHASE TETRAGONAL_U % 1 1 !
51: CONST TETRAGONAL_U : RU U% : !

Example references (4 of 4; assessments first):

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.01.043 A. Berche, N. Dupin, C. Guéneau, C. Rado, B. Sundman, J.C. Dumas, Calphad thermodynamic description of some binary systems involving U, Journal of Nuclear Materials 411, 131-143 (2011).
assessment that models this phase; reports values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-3115(65)90044-9 R.F. Hills, B.W. Howlett, B.R. Butcher, D. Stewart, The effect of cooling rate and composition on the transformation of the gamma-phase in uranium ruthenium alloys (with an appendix on ruthenium as a grain-refining element), Journal of Nuclear Materials 16, 109-128 (1965).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.1016/0022-5088(76)90244-7 A.A. Abou-Zahra, F.H. Hammad, The uranium-rich region of the uranium-ruthenium binary system, Journal of the Less Common Metals 48, 177-181 (1976).
cited as the source of values for this phase
doi:10.6028/jres.072a.001 John J. Park, Reactions of uranium with the platinide elements. I. The uranium-ruthenium system, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A. 72A, 1 (1968).
cited as the source of values for this phase

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735970
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_phase_registry_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Registry: phase registry of binary systems}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735970},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}