# Ag–Bi–O system

> Ag–Bi–O system: 26 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 20, phase transition 6) and 0 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/AG-BI-O.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/AG-BI-O.md

26 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 18, model 8); 0 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/AG-BI-O.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/AG-BI-O.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#AG-BI-O) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/AG-BI-O.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/AG-BI-O.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 18 |
| model | 8 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 20 |
| phase transition | 6 |

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Ag–Bi–O system (20)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1211.6 | (Ag) + L2 -> L1 |  | model | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 22; `ORC-5PRKZ2ZHDR` |  |
| 1211 | (Ag) + L2 -> L1 | (Ag): Bi 0.33 | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 16; `ORC-66AFJACBN5` |  |
| 1210 | (Ag) + L2 -> L1 |  | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 19; `ORC-PQYYFMB36Z` |  |
| 1209 | (Ag) + L2 -> L1 | (Ag): Bi 0.75 | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 13; `ORC-Z6GLQ3MGED` |  |
| 1089.6 | δ-Bi2O3 + L1 -> (Ag) + L2 | L1: Ag 0.884, Bi 0.116, O 3.000e-5; (Ag): Ag 0.988, Bi 0.012, O 0; L2: Ag 0.001, Bi 0.4, O 0.599 | model | [1] Assal 1999 | Table V, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-BH5YXVUJVA` |  |
| 1002.1 | α-Bi2O3 -> δ-Bi2O3 (+ (Ag) + L1) | (Ag): Ag 0.981, Bi 0.019, O 0; L1: Ag 0.818, Bi 0.182, O 1.000e-5 | model | [1] Assal 1999 | Table V, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-3U7W636JDX` |  |
| 1002.1 | α-Bi2O3 -> δ-Bi2O3 (+ (Ag) + L2) | (Ag): Ag 1, Bi 0, O 4.000e-5; L2: Ag 0.033, Bi 0.38, O 0.587 | model | [1] Assal 1999 | Table V, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-KDUOMJ3TCC` |  |
| 962 | (Ag) + α -> L2 | (Ag): Bi 0.974 | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 1; `ORC-6ZMLM23CRR` |  |
| 961 | (Ag) + α -> L2 | (Ag): Bi 0.33 | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 14; `ORC-V4DQMWNEQ6.87a1d5` |  |
| 961 | (Ag) + α -> L2 | (Ag): Bi 0.75 | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 11; `ORC-V4DQMWNEQ6.9809ad` |  |
| 959.5 | (Ag) + α -> L2 |  | model | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 20; `ORC-ZICKE3NK34` |  |
| 959 | (Ag) + α -> L2 | (Ag): Bi 0.75 | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 9; `ORC-7ZNZAWMV6F.39f0fb` |  |
| 959 | (Ag) + α -> L2 | (Ag): Bi 0.33 | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 15; `ORC-7ZNZAWMV6F.a36fdf` |  |
| 959 | (Ag) + α -> L2 |  | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 17; `ORC-7ZNZAWMV6F.f36ed1` |  |
| 958 | (Ag) + α -> L2 | (Ag): Bi 0.95 | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 3; `ORC-FF3VUZ7LL6.4422d8` |  |
| 958 | (Ag) + α -> L2 | (Ag): Bi 0.75 | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 10; `ORC-FF3VUZ7LL6.595920` |  |
| 957 | (Ag) + α -> L2 | (Ag): Bi 0.89 | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 7; `ORC-32BDQ33U73` |  |
| 951 | (Ag) + α -> L2 | (Ag): Bi 0.95 | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 5; `ORC-EORQAECZX4` |  |
| 803.6 | Ag2O + L2 + (Ag) -> L1 | L2: Ag 0.446, Bi 0.133, O 0.422; (Ag): Ag 0.999, Bi 0, O 0.001; L1: Ag 0.749, Bi 0, O 0.251 | model | [1] Assal 1999 | Table V, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-NU7GU6GB7F` |  |
| 699.4 | Ag2O + α-Bi2O3 -> L2 (+ (Ag)) | L2: Ag 0.357, Bi 0.186, O 0.457; (Ag): Ag 1, Bi 0, O 1.000e-4 | model | [1] Assal 1999 | Table V, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-DSHBGRDEST` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (6)

Table: Phase transition, Ag–Bi–O system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 1002.1 K | 1002.1 | α -> δ | model | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 21; `ORC-HKQMDFNQ7F` |  |
| Phase transition | 1003 K | 1003 | α -> δ; _α: Bi 0.95_ | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 4; `ORC-7AWURMXVGU` |  |
| Phase transition | 1004 K | 1004 | α -> δ; _α: Bi 0.974_ | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 2; `ORC-3QWGCQC2ZI` |  |
| Phase transition | 1004 K | 1004 | α -> δ; _α: Bi 0.89_ | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 8; `ORC-E3CSJTEG7D` |  |
| Phase transition | 1004 K | 1004 | α -> δ | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 18; `ORC-EALGZJOVOX` |  |
| Phase transition | 1005 K | 1005 | α -> δ; _α: Bi 0.95_ | experimental | [1] Assal 1999 | Table I, p. 1, row 6; `ORC-WOVMAQVT56` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Jérôme Assal, Bengt Hallstedt, Ludwig J. Gauckler, Experimental Phase Diagram Study and Thermodynamic Optimization of the Ag‐Bi‐O System, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82, 711-715 (1999). [doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01821.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01821.x)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).