Al–Mn system

101 accepted literature values from 3 paper(s) (experimental 33, model 68); 6 calculated phase diagram(s). 21 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (18) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence classValues
experimental33
model68
Accepted values by property group
Property groupValues
invariant reaction72
phase transition8
formation21

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB fileAssessmentSHA-256Links
AlMn-07Du.tdbY. Du, J. Wang, J. Zhao, J.C. Schuster, F. Weitzer, R. Schmid-Fetzer, M. Ohno, H. Xu, Z.-K. Liu, S. Shang, W. Zhang, Int. J. Mater. Res., 98, 855-71(2007). doi:10.3139/146.1015474ae5aff6bfd8f63ddb0b703c1bc5230eb0854be1683821fcd68702ebf86cc1a1viewer · TDB · JSON
AlMn-17Cui.tdbS. Cui, I.-H. Jung, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 48A, 1383-1401(2017).9e3ba0c71ba4440c9a4fd79b4bb6c590ca993e2a141a81daf9d1e533dacc42c2viewer · TDB · JSON
AlMn-19Mie.tdbJ. Miettinen, V.-V. Visuri, T. Fabritius, Acta Univ. Ouluensis C, 704, 2019.a02590e2b9ef31d51065ddc9fec359d21934a44bb6cca8a39fbe68a4448005c8viewer · TDB · JSON
AlMn-92Jan.tdbA. Jansson, Metall. Trans. A, 23A, 2953-62(1992). doi:10.1007/BF026461132ba454e592e714093688a2689bbaf18a3fd93e81742cf1616194509f6fec95b0viewer · TDB · JSON
AlMn-98Jan.tdbA. Jansson, COST 507, Final report round 2, 1998aefb06e2e257b9aa3d6a6a4cf8a114d1e030339a073775baec0a1e4142fe3234viewer · TDB · JSON
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdbX.J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, J. Phase Equilib., 20, 45-56(1999). doi:10.1361/1054971997703359380984f6432fe9feec050bbf07d239613b47ecc06d9c3f6c184f7f7b2dde34c077viewer · TDB · JSON
Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB fileT (K)Phases at the invariant
AlMn-07Du.tdb1553.68LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.67369) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.68104) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.69744)
AlMn-07Du.tdb1457.77LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.46471) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.52352) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.54229)
AlMn-07Du.tdb1353.74BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.88996) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.89942) + FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.90594)
AlMn-07Du.tdb1319.58LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.2697) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.34878) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.36474)
AlMn-07Du.tdb1303.48HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.72254) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.73997) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.76653)
AlMn-07Du.tdb1274.83LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.21969) + AL11MN4_HT (x(Mn) 0.28822) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.32982)
AlMn-07Du.tdb1195.19LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.14683) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_HT (x(Mn) 0.26618)
AlMn-07Du.tdb1195.19LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.14671) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_HT (x(Mn) 0.26616)
AlMn-07Du.tdb1187.36AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_HT (x(Mn) 0.26638) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-07Du.tdb1187.36AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_HT (x(Mn) 0.26639) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-07Du.tdb1178.02AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667) + AL11MN4_HT (x(Mn) 0.27686) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.33662)
AlMn-07Du.tdb1145.96BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.5493) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.56479) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.60655)
AlMn-07Du.tdb1121.95AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.47679) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.53444) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.59494)
AlMn-07Du.tdb994.34LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.02434) + AL4MN_LAMBDA (x(Mn) 0.18838) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)
AlMn-07Du.tdb994.34LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.02439) + AL4MN_LAMBDA (x(Mn) 0.18838) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)
AlMn-07Du.tdb994.34LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.02431) + AL4MN_LAMBDA (x(Mn) 0.18838) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)
AlMn-07Du.tdb975.74LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.02021) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_LAMBDA (x(Mn) 0.18838)
AlMn-07Du.tdb975.74LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.02028) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_LAMBDA (x(Mn) 0.18838)
AlMn-07Du.tdb975.74LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.02016) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_LAMBDA (x(Mn) 0.18838)
AlMn-07Du.tdb929.09FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00519) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.01092) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-07Du.tdb929.08FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00515) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.01083) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-07Du.tdb784.79FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00148) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-07Du.tdb784.79FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00148) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-07Du.tdb784.79FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00148) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb1553.68LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.67369) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.68104) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.69744)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb1457.77LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.46471) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.52352) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.54229)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb1353.74BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.88996) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.89942) + FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.90594)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb1322.94LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.27342) + AL8MN5_D82 (x(Mn) 0.35531) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.36768)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb1303.48HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.72254) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.73997) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.76653)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb1279.24LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.22566) + AL11MN4_HT (x(Mn) 0.29058) + AL8MN5_D82 (x(Mn) 0.33949)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb1263.92AL8MN5_D82 (x(Mn) 0.3715) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.37503) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.38821)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb1237.78AL11MN4_HT (x(Mn) 0.28463) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.3341) + AL8MN5_D82 (x(Mn) 0.33805)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb1196.06LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.14741) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.20021) + AL11MN4_HT (x(Mn) 0.2663)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb1187.37AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2002) + AL11MN4_HT (x(Mn) 0.26652) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb1176.86AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667) + AL11MN4_HT (x(Mn) 0.27761) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.3383)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb1145.96BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.5493) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.56479) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.60655)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb1119.09AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.47641) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.5328) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.59367)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb991.58LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.02371) + AL4MN_LAMBDA (x(Mn) 0.18852) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.20002)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb976LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.02027) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_LAMBDA (x(Mn) 0.18852)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb976LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.02034) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_LAMBDA (x(Mn) 0.18852)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb976LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.02021) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_LAMBDA (x(Mn) 0.18852)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb929.09FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00519) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.01092) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb929.08FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00515) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.01083) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb784.79FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00148) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb784.79FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00148) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-17Cui.tdb784.79FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00148) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb1547.87LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.65381) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.68097) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.69019)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb1450.1LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.44896) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.52637) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.54444)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb1345.73BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.89208) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.89831) + FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.90686)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb1320.45LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.25466) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.35874) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.36696)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb1313.18HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.70632) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.73135) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.74479)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb1272.85LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.20163) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.33339)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb1191.77LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.11874) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb1191.77LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.11866) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb1191.77LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.11879) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb1138.22BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.53577) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.56816) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.58427)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb1119.42AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.50609) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.52924) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.58083)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb978.07LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.01813) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb978.07LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.01814) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb931.37FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00709) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.00959) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb780.98FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00235) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb780.98FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00235) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-19Mie.tdb403.15AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb1522.24LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.58807) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.64096) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.64408)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb1433.19LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.42554) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.48586) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.51878)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb1330.87BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.90289) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.90969) + FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.91299)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb1262.44LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.20487) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.32472)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb1206.98HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.59261) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.60138) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.62122)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb1192.52LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.12687) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb1192.52LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.12675) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb1192.52LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.12695) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb1143.67AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.51164) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.55155) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.58962)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb979.99AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + CBCC_A12 (x(Mn) 0.99999) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.99999)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb979.34LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.01934) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb979.34LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.01935) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb931.12FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00727) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.01007) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb780.26FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00211) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb780.26FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00211) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-92Jan.tdb380.19AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb1522.24LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.58807) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.64096) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.64408)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb1433.17LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.42552) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.48585) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.51876)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb1330.87BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.90289) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.90969) + FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.91299)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb1262.36LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.20481) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.32466)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb1206.98HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.59261) + BCC_A2 (x(Mn) 0.60138) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.62122)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb1193.14LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.12782) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb1193.13LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.12721) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb1193.13LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.12734) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb1143.65AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.51164) + HCP_A3 (x(Mn) 0.55154) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.58962)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb979.99AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.99999) + CBCC_A12 (x(Mn) 1)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb978.04LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.02129) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb978.04LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.0212) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb978.04LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.02114) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb931.12FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00741) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.01025) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb931.12FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00727) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.01007) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb817.01FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00209) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb817.01FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.0021) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb817.01FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00209) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-98Jan.tdb380.95AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb1519.01BCC_B2 (x(Mn) 0.99999) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 1) + B2_BCC (x(Mn) 1)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb1410.95BCC_B2 (x(Mn) 0.99999) + FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 1) + B2_BCC (x(Mn) 1)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb1359.98BCC_B2 (x(Mn) 0.99476) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.99999) + FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.99999)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb1317.66LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.25087) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.3572) + BCC_B2 (x(Mn) 0.57521)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb1317.66LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.25087) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.3572) + BCC_B2 (x(Mn) 0.57521)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb1272.43LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.20142) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.33425)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb1272.43LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.20114) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.33413)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb1195.42LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.12334) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb1195.42LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.12369) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb1195.42LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.12317) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb978.88BCC_B2 (x(Mn) 0.94781) + CUB_A13 (x(Mn) 0.99957) + CBCC_A12 (x(Mn) 0.99989)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb978.07LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.01814) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb978.07LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.0181) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb931.37FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00709) + LIQUID (x(Mn) 0.00959) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb780.98FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00235) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb780.98FCC_A1 (x(Mn) 0.00235) + AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb749.63AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.34733) + BCC_B2 (x(Mn) 0.4808)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb749.63AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.34731) + BCC_B2 (x(Mn) 0.48078)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb749.63AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667) + AL8MN5_D810 (x(Mn) 0.34733) + BCC_B2 (x(Mn) 0.4808)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb683.67AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667) + BCC_B2 (x(Mn) 0.47635)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb683.67AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667) + BCC_B2 (x(Mn) 0.47635)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb683.67AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2) + AL11MN4_LT (x(Mn) 0.26667) + BCC_B2 (x(Mn) 0.47633)
AlMn-99Liu-LB.tdb403.15AL12MN (x(Mn) 0.07692) + AL6MN_D2H (x(Mn) 0.14286) + AL4MN_MU (x(Mn) 0.2)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull AlMn-07Du · CALPHAD hull AlMn-17Cui · CALPHAD hull AlMn-92Jan · CALPHAD hull AlMn-98Jan · CALPHAD hull AlMn-99Liu-LB

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Al–Mn system (72)
T (K)Reaction / phasesCompositions (mole fraction)ClassSourceLocationQuote
1582congruent melting: bcc-A2 -> Liquidbcc-A2: Mn 0.816; L: Mn 0.816model[1] (ed.) 1998Table I, p. 72, row 11
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1548peritectic: L + δMn -> εL: Mn 0.6538; δMn: Mn 0.6902; ε: Mn 0.6809model[2] Liu 1999Table 3, p. 8, row 20
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1533peritectic: L + δMn -> εexperimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Liu 1996 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 24
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1533peritectic: L + δMn -> εexperimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Godecke 1971		Table 3, p. 8, row 23
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1533peritectic: L + δMn -> εL: Mn 0.59; δMn: Mn 0.63; ε: Mn 0.6model[2] Liu 1999
cites McAlster 1990		Table 3, p. 8, row 22
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1529peritectic: L + δMn -> εexperimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Muller 1996 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 25
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1523peritectic: L + δMn -> εL: Mn 0.5898; δMn: Mn 0.6454; ε: Mn 0.6422model[2] Liu 1999
cites Jansson 1992 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 21
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1523peritectic: Liquid + bcc -> hcpL: Mn 0.5898; bcc: Mn 0.6454; hcp: Mn 0.6422model[3] Jansson 1992Table I, p. 3, row 9
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1522.3peritectic: Liquid + bcc-A2 -> hcp-A3L: Mn 0.588; bcc-A2: Mn 0.644; hcp-A3: Mn 0.641model[1] (ed.) 1998Table I, p. 72, row 10
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1464peritectic: L + ε -> γL: Mn 0.43; ε: Mn 0.532; γ: Mn 0.506model[2] Liu 1999
cites McAlster 1990		Table 3, p. 8, row 38
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1463peritectic: L + ε -> γexperimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Muller 1996 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 40
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1450peritectic: L + ε -> γL: Mn 0.449; ε: Mn 0.5444; γ: Mn 0.5264model[2] Liu 1999Table 3, p. 8, row 36
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1433.3peritectic: Liquid + hcp-A3 -> Al8Mn5-D810L: Mn 0.425; hcp-A3: Mn 0.519; Al8Mn5-D810: Mn 0.486model[1] (ed.) 1998Table I, p. 72, row 6
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1433peritectic: Liquid + hcp -> Al8Mn5L: Mn 0.4254; hcp: Mn 0.5186; Al8Mn5: Mn 0.4858model[3] Jansson 1992Table I, p. 3, row 6
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1433peritectic: L + ε -> γexperimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Koster 1960		Table 3, p. 8, row 39
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1433peritectic: L + ε -> γL: Mn 0.4254; ε: Mn 0.5186; γ: Mn 0.4858model[2] Liu 1999
cites Jansson 1992 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 37
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1331peritectoid: Bcc + fcc -> β-MnBcc: Mn 0.9029; fcc: Mn 0.913; β-Mn: Mn 0.9097model[3] Jansson 1992Table I, p. 3, row 11
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1330.9peritectoid: fcc-A1 + bcc-A2 -> cub-A13fcc-A1: Mn 0.913; bcc-A2: Mn 0.903; cub-A13: Mn 0.91model[1] (ed.) 1998Table I, p. 72, row 9
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1321peritectic: L + γ -> γ2L: Mn 0.2552; γ: Mn 0.3674; γ2: Mn 0.3593model[2] Liu 1999Table 3, p. 8, row 33
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1321peritectic: L + γ -> γ2L: Mn 0.283; γ: Mn 0.345; γ2: Mn 0.336model[2] Liu 1999
cites McAlster 1990		Table 3, p. 8, row 34
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1321peritectic: L + γ -> γ2L: Mn 0.283; γ: Mn 0.345; γ2: Mn 0.336experimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Godecke 1971		Table 3, p. 8, row 35
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1313eutectoid: δMn -> ε + βMn (cont.)δMn: Mn 0.745; ε: Mn 0.715; βMn: Mn 0.755experimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Liu 1996 doi		Table 3, p. 9, row 1
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1313eutectoid: δMn -> ε + βMnδMn: Mn 0.7314; ε: Mn 0.7064; βMn: Mn 0.7449model[2] Liu 1999Table 3, p. 8, row 49
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1275peritectic: L + γ2 -> Al11Mn4L: Mn 0.232; γ2: Mn 0.3; Al11Mn4: Mn 0.2863model[2] Liu 1999
cites McAlster 1990		Table 3, p. 8, row 18
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1275peritectic: L + γ2 -> Al11Mn4L: Mn 0.223; γ2: Mn 0.3; Al11Mn4: Mn 0.28experimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Godecke 1971		Table 3, p. 8, row 19
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1273peritectic: L + γ2 -> Al11Mn4L: Mn 0.2009; γ2: Mn 0.3336; Al11Mn4: Mn 0.2667model[2] Liu 1999Table 3, p. 8, row 16
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1263peritectic: L + γ2 -> Al11Mn4L: Mn 0.2049; γ2: Mn 0.3248; Al11Mn4: Mn 0.2667model[2] Liu 1999
cites Jansson 1992 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 17
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1263peritectic: Liquid + Al8Mn5 -> Al11Mn4L: Mn 0.2049; Al8Mn5: Mn 0.3248; Al11Mn4: Mn 0.2667model[3] Jansson 1992Table I, p. 3, row 5
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1262.4peritectic: Liquid + Al8Mn5-D810 -> Al11Mn4L: Mn 0.205; Al8Mn5-D810: Mn 0.324; Al11Mn4: Mn 0.266model[1] (ed.) 1998Table I, p. 72, row 5
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1243eutectoid: δMn -> ε + βMnδMn: Mn 0.615; ε: Mn 0.58; βMn: Mn 0.65model[2] Liu 1999
cites McAlster 1990		Table 3, p. 8, row 51
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1208eutectoid: δMn -> ε + βMnδMn: Mn 0.6019; ε: Mn 0.5932; βMn: Mn 0.6217model[2] Liu 1999
cites Jansson 1992 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 50
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1208eutectoid: Bcc -> hcp + β-MnBcc: Mn 0.6019; hcp: Mn 0.5932; β-Mn: Mn 0.6217model[3] Jansson 1992Table I, p. 3, row 8
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1207eutectoid: bcc-A2 -> hcp-A3 + cub-A13bcc-A2: Mn 0.601; hcp-A3: Mn 0.592; cub-A13: Mn 0.621model[1] (ed.) 1998Table I, p. 72, row 8
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1196peritectic: L + Al11Mn4 -> Al4MnL: Mn 0.1233; Al11Mn4: Mn 0.2667; Al4Mn: Mn 0.2model[2] Liu 1999Table 3, p. 8, row 12
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1196peritectic: L + Al11Mn4 -> Al4MnL: Mn 0.15; Al11Mn4: Mn 0.242; Al4Mn: Mn 0.21experimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Godecke 1971		Table 3, p. 8, row 15
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1196peritectic: L + Al11Mn4 -> Al4MnL: Mn 0.152; Al11Mn4: Mn 0.25; Al4Mn: Mn 0.208model[2] Liu 1999
cites McAlster 1990		Table 3, p. 8, row 14
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1193.1peritectic: Liquid + Al11Mn4 -> Al4MnL: Mn 0.127; Al11Mn4: Mn 0.266; Al4Mn: Mn 0.2model[1] (ed.) 1998Table I, p. 72, row 4
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1193peritectic: Liquid + Al11Mn4 -> Al4MnL: Mn 0.127; Al11Mn4: Mn 0.2667; Al4Mn: Mn 0.2model[3] Jansson 1992Table I, p. 3, row 4
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1193peritectic: L + Al11Mn4 -> Al4MnL: Mn 0.127; Al11Mn4: Mn 0.2667; Al4Mn: Mn 0.2model[2] Liu 1999
cites Jansson 1992 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 13
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1176eutectoid: δMn(bcc) ↔ ε + βMnexperimental[2] Liu 1999p. 4
report		The temperature of the eutectoid reaction δMn(bcc) ↔ ε + βMn has been determined as 1176 K, which is lower than that reported by [96Liu].
1176eutectoid: δMn -> ε + βMn (cont.)experimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Muller 1996 doi		Table 3, p. 9, row 2
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1143.7eutectoid: hcp-A3 -> Al8Mn5-D810 + cub-A13hcp-A3: Mn 0.551; Al8Mn5-D810: Mn 0.511; cub-A13: Mn 0.59model[1] (ed.) 1998Table I, p. 72, row 7
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1143eutectoid: ε -> γ + βMnε: Mn 0.55; γ: Mn 0.505; βMn: Mn 0.6experimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Kono 1958 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 30
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1143eutectoid: ε -> γ + βMnε: Mn 0.54; γ: Mn 0.513; βMn: Mn 0.6model[2] Liu 1999
cites McAlster 1990		Table 3, p. 8, row 28
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1143eutectoid: ε -> γ + βMnexperimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Godecke 1971		Table 3, p. 8, row 29
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1143eutectoid: ε -> γ + βMnε: Mn 0.5716; γ: Mn 0.5391; βMn: Mn 0.5889model[2] Liu 1999Table 3, p. 8, row 26
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1143eutectoid: Hcp -> Al8Mn5 + β-MnHcp: Mn 0.5515; Al8Mn5: Mn 0.5117; β-Mn: Mn 0.5896model[3] Jansson 1992Table I, p. 3, row 7
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1143eutectoid: ε -> γ + βMnε: Mn 0.5515; γ: Mn 0.5117; βMn: Mn 0.5896model[2] Liu 1999
cites Jansson 1992 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 27
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1143eutectoid: ε -> γ + βMnε: Mn 0.58; γ: Mn 0.535; βMn: Mn 0.606experimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Liu 1996 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 31
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1130eutectoid: ε -> γ + βMnexperimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Muller 1996 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 32
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1113eutectoid: γ -> γ2 + βMnγ: Mn 0.495; γ2: Mn 0.47; βMn: Mn 0.595experimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Godecke 1971		Table 3, p. 8, row 42
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1113eutectoid: γ -> γ2 + βMnγ2: Mn 0.384615model[2] Liu 1999
cites McAlster 1990		Table 3, p. 8, row 43
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1113eutectoid: γ -> γ2 + βMnγ: Mn 0.525; γ2: Mn 0.505; βMn: Mn 0.6experimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Koch 1960 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 44
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1113eutectoid: γ -> γ2 + βMnγ: Mn 0.531; γ2: Mn 0.5001; βMn: Mn 0.5821model[2] Liu 1999Table 3, p. 8, row 41
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1090eutectoid: γ -> γ2 + βMnγ2: Mn 0.384615experimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Muller 1996 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 45
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979.5peritectic: Liquid + Al4Mn -> Al6MnL: Mn 0.0194; Al4Mn: Mn 0.2; Al6Mn: Mn 0.1429model[3] Jansson 1992Table I, p. 3, row 3
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979peritectic: L + Al4Mn -> Al6MnL: Mn 0.0194; Al4Mn: Mn 0.2; Al6Mn: Mn 0.1429model[2] Liu 1999
cites Jansson 1992 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 9
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978.2peritectic: L + Al4Mn -> Al6MnL: Mn 0.0182; Al4Mn: Mn 0.2; Al6Mn: Mn 0.1429model[2] Liu 1999Table 3, p. 8, row 8
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978peritectic: Liquid + Al4Mn -> Al6MnL: Mn 0.021; Al4Mn: Mn 0.2; Al6Mn: Mn 0.143model[1] (ed.) 1998Table I, p. 72, row 1
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978peritectic: L + Al4Mn -> Al6MnL: Mn 0.024; Al4Mn: Mn 0.19; Al6Mn: Mn 0.142model[2] Liu 1999
cites McAlster 1990		Table 3, p. 8, row 10
report
978peritectic: L + Al4Mn -> Al6MnL: Mn 0.19; Al4Mn: Mn 0.2; Al6Mn: Mn 0.142857experimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Godecke 1971		Table 3, p. 8, row 11
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931.5eutectic: L -> (Al) + Al6MnL: Mn 0.0071; (Al): Mn 0.0096; Al6Mn: Mn 0.1429model[2] Liu 1999Table 3, p. 8, row 4
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931.2eutectic: Liquid -> fcc + Al6MnL: Mn 0.0101; fcc: Mn 0.0073; Al6Mn: Mn 0.1429model[3] Jansson 1992Table I, p. 3, row 2
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931.1eutectic: Liquid -> fcc-Al + Al6MnL: Mn 0.01; fcc-Al: Mn 0.007; Al6Mn: Mn 0.143model[1] (ed.) 1998Table I, p. 72, row 2
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931eutectic: L -> (Al) + Al6MnL: Mn 0.0062; (Al): Mn 0.01; Al6Mn: Mn 0.142model[2] Liu 1999
cites McAlster 1990		Table 3, p. 8, row 6
report
931eutectic: L -> (Al) + Al6MnL: Mn 0.0071; (Al): Mn 0.01; Al6Mn: Mn 0.1429model[2] Liu 1999
cites Jansson 1992 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 5
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931eutectic: L -> (Al) + Al6Mn(Al): Mn 0.0099; Al6Mn: Mn 0.142857experimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Koster 1960		Table 3, p. 8, row 7
report
817peritectoid: fcc-Al + Al6Mn -> Al12Mnfcc-Al: Mn 0.002; Al6Mn: Mn 0.143; Al12Mn: Mn 0.077model[1] (ed.) 1998Table I, p. 72, row 3
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781peritectoid: (Al) + Al6Mn -> Al12Mn(Al): Mn 0.0023; Al6Mn: Mn 0.1429; Al12Mn: Mn 0.0769model[2] Liu 1999Table 3, p. 8, row 1
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780.3peritectoid: (Al) + Al6Mn -> Al12Mn(Al): Mn 0.0021; Al6Mn: Mn 0.1429; Al12Mn: Mn 0.0769model[2] Liu 1999
cites Jansson 1992 doi		Table 3, p. 8, row 2
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780.2peritectoid: Fcc + Al6Mn -> Al12MnFcc: Mn 0.0021; Al6Mn: Mn 0.1429; Al12Mn: Mn 0.0769model[3] Jansson 1992Table I, p. 3, row 1
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777peritectoid: (Al) + Al6Mn -> Al12MnAl6Mn: Mn 0.142857; Al12Mn: Mn 0.0769231experimental[2] Liu 1999
cites ref. 86Sch		Table 3, p. 8, row 3
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Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, Al–Mn system (21)
PhaseCompoundValueT (K)ClassMP DFT (kJ/mol-atom)OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom)SourceLocationQuote
Al11Mn4Al11Mn4-23.65 kJ/mol-atommodel-26.725 (mp-aaaaaefw)-26.617 (oqmd-2782)[2] Liu 1999
cites Jansson 1992 doi		Table 4, p. 12, row 8
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Al11Mn4Al11Mn4-23.65 kJ/mol-atommodel-26.725 (mp-aaaaaefw)-26.617 (oqmd-2782)[3] Jansson 1992Table II, p. 4, row 14
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Al11Mn4Al11Mn4-22.75 kJ/mol-atommodel-26.725 (mp-aaaaaefw)-26.617 (oqmd-2782)[2] Liu 1999Table 4, p. 12, row 7
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Al11Mn4Al11Mn4-21.21 kJ/mol-atom ± 1.05298.15experimental-26.725 (mp-aaaaaefw)-26.617 (oqmd-2782)[2] Liu 1999
cites Kubaschewski 1960 doi		Table 4, p. 12, row 9
report
Al11Mn4Al11Mn4-21.21 kJ/mol-atom298.15experimental-26.725 (mp-aaaaaefw)-26.617 (oqmd-2782)[3] Jansson 1992
cites Kubaschewski 1960 doi		Table II, p. 4, row 15
report
Al4Mn-21.67 kJ/mol-atom298.15experimental[3] Jansson 1992
cites Kubaschewski 1960 doi		Table II, p. 4, row 13
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Al4Mn-21.67 kJ/mol-atom ± 1.05298.15experimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Kubaschewski 1960 doi		Table 4, p. 12, row 6
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Al4Mn-21.23 kJ/mol-atommodel[2] Liu 1999Table 4, p. 12, row 4
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Al4Mn-21.13 kJ/mol-atommodel[3] Jansson 1992Table II, p. 4, row 12
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Al4Mn-21.13 kJ/mol-atommodel[2] Liu 1999
cites Jansson 1992 doi		Table 4, p. 12, row 5
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Al6MnAl6Mn-15.06 kJ/mol-atommodel-16.759 (mp-aaaaaagr)-16.648 (oqmd-10498)[2] Liu 1999Table 4, p. 12, row 1
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Al6MnAl6Mn-15 kJ/mol-atommodel-16.759 (mp-aaaaaagr)-16.648 (oqmd-10498)[2] Liu 1999
cites Jansson 1992 doi		Table 4, p. 12, row 2
report
Al6MnAl6Mn-12.38 kJ/mol-atom ± 1.05298.15experimental-16.759 (mp-aaaaaagr)-16.648 (oqmd-10498)[2] Liu 1999
cites Kubaschewski 1960 doi		Table 4, p. 12, row 3
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Al8Mn5Al8Mn5-25.82 kJ/mol-atommodel-19.01 (mp-aaacpyiq)-18.934 (oqmd-2052217)[2] Liu 1999Table 4, p. 12, row 10
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Al8Mn5Al8Mn5-23.74 kJ/mol-atommodel-19.01 (mp-aaacpyiq)-18.934 (oqmd-2052217)[3] Jansson 1992Table II, p. 4, row 16
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Al8Mn5Al8Mn5-23.74 kJ/mol-atommodel-19.01 (mp-aaacpyiq)-18.934 (oqmd-2052217)[2] Liu 1999
cites Jansson 1992 doi		Table 4, p. 12, row 11
report
Al8Mn5Al8Mn5-22.01 kJ/mol-atom ± 1.05298.15experimental-19.01 (mp-aaacpyiq)-18.934 (oqmd-2052217)[2] Liu 1999
cites Kubaschewski 1960 doi		Table 4, p. 12, row 12
report
Al8Mn5Al8Mn5-22.01 kJ/mol-atom298.15experimental-19.01 (mp-aaacpyiq)-18.934 (oqmd-2052217)[3] Jansson 1992
cites Kubaschewski 1960 doi		Table II, p. 4, row 8
report
Al8Mn5Al8Mn5-20.71 kJ/mol-atom ± 1.05298.15experimental-19.01 (mp-aaacpyiq)-18.934 (oqmd-2052217)[2] Liu 1999
cites Kubaschewski 1960 doi		Table 4, p. 12, row 12
report
Al8Mn5Al8Mn5-20.71 kJ/mol-atom298.15experimental-19.01 (mp-aaacpyiq)-18.934 (oqmd-2052217)[3] Jansson 1992
cites Kubaschewski 1960 doi		Table II, p. 4, row 9
report
Al8Mn5(b)Al8Mn5-20.71 kJ/mol-atom ± 1.05298.15experimental-19.01 (mp-aaacpyiq)-18.934 (oqmd-2052217)[2] Liu 1999
cites Kubaschewski 1960 doi		Table 4, p. 12, row 13
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Other properties

Phase transition (8)

Phase transition, Al–Mn system
PropertyValueT (K)Phases / compositionClassSourceLocationQuote
Phase transition933.6 K933.6congruent melting: Liquid -> fcc
L: Mn 0; fcc: Mn 0		model[3] Jansson 1992Table I, p. 3, row 13
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Phase transition1238 K1238otherexperimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Liu 1999		p. 4
report		In addition, preliminary results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) traces obtained on two Al-Mn alloys with 49 at.% Al and 52 at.% Al, respectively, indicate that the 49 at.% Al alloy has a peak at 1238 K and the 52 at.% Al alloy a peak at 1240 K [98Liu].
Phase transition1240 K1240otherexperimental[2] Liu 1999
cites Liu 1999		p. 4
report		In addition, preliminary results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) traces obtained on two Al-Mn alloys with 49 at.% Al and 52 at.% Al, respectively, indicate that the 49 at.% Al alloy has a peak at 1238 K and the 52 at.% Al alloy a peak at 1240 K [98Liu].
Phase transition1327 K1327congruent transformation: Fcc -> β-Mn
Fcc: Mn 0.9425; β-Mn: Mn 0.9425		model[3] Jansson 1992Table I, p. 3, row 12
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Phase transition1583 K1583congruent melting: L -> δMn
L: Mn 0.8198; δMn: Mn 0.8198		model[2] Liu 1999
cites Jansson 1992 doi		Table 3, p. 9, row 4
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Phase transition1583 K1583congruent melting: Liquid -> bcc
L: Mn 0.8198; bcc: Mn 0.8198		model[3] Jansson 1992Table I, p. 3, row 10
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Phase transition1585 K1585congruent melting: L -> δMn
L: Mn 0.817; δMn: Mn 0.817		model[2] Liu 1999Table 3, p. 9, row 3
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Phase transition1588 K1588congruent melting: L -> δMn
L: Mn 0.803; δMn: Mn 0.803		model[2] Liu 1999
cites McAlster 1990		Table 3, p. 9, row 5
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Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

  1. I. Ansara, A. T. Dinsdale, M. H. Rand (eds.), COST 507: Thermochemical database for light metal alloys, Volume 2, EUR 18499 EN, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg (1998), ISBN 92-828-3902-8.
  2. X. J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Thermodynamic assessment of the Aluminum-Manganese (Al-Mn) binary phase diagram, JPE 20, 45-56 (1999). doi:10.1361/105497199770335938
  3. Åke Jansson, A thermodynamic evaluation of the Al-Mn system, Metall Trans A 23, 2953-2962 (1992). doi:10.1007/bf02646113