# Al–Nb system

> Al–Nb system: 86 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 67, phase transition 9, crystal structure 5, phase equilibrium 3) and 6 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/AL-NB.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/AL-NB.md

86 accepted literature values from 6 paper(s) (experimental 36, model 44, DFT 1, unspecified 5); 6 calculated phase diagram(s). 16 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/AL-NB.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/AL-NB.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#AL-NB) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#AL-NB/AlNb-08Zhu.json) · [phases (15)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/AL-NB.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/AL-NB.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/AL-NB.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 36 |
| model | 44 |
| DFT | 1 |
| unspecified | 5 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 67 |
| phase transition | 9 |
| phase equilibrium | 3 |
| heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy | 2 |
| crystal structure | 5 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlNb-08Zhu.tdb | Z. Zhu, Y. Du, L. Zhang, H. Chen, H. Xu, C. Tang, J. Alloys Compd., 460, 632-38(2008). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033) | `a89bdff6737f8160e2c61a7bb8ebf76bad9e95e55fe85aa80f15572005a561b8` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#AL-NB/AlNb-08Zhu.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/AlNb-08Zhu.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/AlNb-08Zhu.json) |
| AlNb-09Wit.tdb | V.T. Witusiewicz, A.A. Bondar, U. Hecht, T.Ya. Velikanova, J. Alloys Compd., 472, 133-61(2009). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.05.008](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.05.008) | `4dcb4c37be340beecd788f6e4540d9c11a4a5dc46ef7edb1d4a0e11137471286` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#AL-NB/AlNb-09Wit.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/AlNb-09Wit.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/AlNb-09Wit.json) |
| AlNb-15He.tdb | C. He, F. Stein, M. Palm, J. Alloys Compd., 637, 361-75(2015). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.02.182](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.02.182) | `d55f60a76b49353c6a944c46a11c7599c258955a60870ec673004d5c3234eeba` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#AL-NB/AlNb-15He.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/AlNb-15He.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/AlNb-15He.json) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | J.M. Fiorani, M. Badran, J.M. Joubert, J.C. Crivello, A.A.A.P. da Silva, G.C. Coelho, C.A. Nunes, N. David, M. Vilasi, Calphad, 80, 102522(2023). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102522](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102522) | `f8fec1a8af356181165ab869e73768bf92605c9c8da860c081a33db98dd99cdd` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#AL-NB/AlNb-23Fio.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/AlNb-23Fio.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/AlNb-23Fio.json) |
| AlNb-97Ser-LB.tdb | C. Servant, I. Ansara, J. Chim. Phys., 94, 869-88(1997). | `b55876dc0b3e6a6b34a6b58cd71234fda73d7b8686ef1d3b802c97f6e7a38165` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#AL-NB/AlNb-97Ser-LB.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/AlNb-97Ser-LB.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/AlNb-97Ser-LB.json) |
| AlNb-98Sau.tdb | N. Saunders, COST 507, Final report round 2, 1998. | `62c0666d7a7aae9c3c2b5bbc5b2144cb74a7e940933672ea064805da245abb3e` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#AL-NB/AlNb-98Sau.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/AlNb-98Sau.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/AlNb-98Sau.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| AlNb-08Zhu.tdb | 2332.94 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.73914) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.77801) + B2_BCC (x(Nb) 0.80141) |
| AlNb-08Zhu.tdb | 2207.54 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.65028) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.68811) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.762) |
| AlNb-08Zhu.tdb | 1860.63 | AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25) + LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.42011) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.59332) |
| AlNb-08Zhu.tdb | 934.54 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 1.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Nb) 0.00153) + AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25) |
| AlNb-08Zhu.tdb | 934.54 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 1.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Nb) 0.00153) + AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25) |
| AlNb-09Wit.tdb | 2334.71 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.73443) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.77476) + B2_BCC (x(Nb) 0.80519) |
| AlNb-09Wit.tdb | 2211.75 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.64766) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.69744) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.75124) |
| AlNb-09Wit.tdb | 1844.01 | AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25717) + LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.43788) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.61314) |
| AlNb-09Wit.tdb | 934.52 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 2.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Nb) 0.0015) + AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.24999) |
| AlNb-09Wit.tdb | 934.52 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 2.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Nb) 0.0015) + AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.24999) |
| AlNb-15He.tdb | 2331.21 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.73726) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.78275) + BCC_A2 (x(Nb) 0.80133) |
| AlNb-15He.tdb | 2212.73 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.64963) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.69444) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.76602) |
| AlNb-15He.tdb | 1854.54 | AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.2542) + LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.43553) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.59363) |
| AlNb-15He.tdb | 934.48 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 4.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Nb) 0.00149) + AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.24856) |
| AlNb-15He.tdb | 934.48 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 4.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Nb) 0.00149) + AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.24856) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 2335.05 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.72982) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.78738) + BCC_A2 (x(Nb) 0.80298) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 2205.36 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.64491) + SIG2SL (x(Nb) 0.69097) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.75931) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 2205.36 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.64491) + SIG2SL3 (x(Nb) 0.69097) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.75931) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 2205.36 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.64491) + SIG2SL5 (x(Nb) 0.69097) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.75931) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 1862.13 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.42808) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.54277) + SIG2SL (x(Nb) 0.55329) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 1862.13 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.42808) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.54277) + SIG2SL5 (x(Nb) 0.55329) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 1862.13 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.42808) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.54277) + SIG2SL3 (x(Nb) 0.55329) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 1848.39 | AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25816) + LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.41963) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.52335) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 1787.89 | AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25678) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.54413) + SIG2SL (x(Nb) 0.55259) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 1787.89 | AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25678) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.54413) + SIG2SL5 (x(Nb) 0.55259) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 1787.89 | AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25678) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.54413) + SIG2SL3 (x(Nb) 0.55259) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 934.5 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 5.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Nb) 0.00155) + AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 934.5 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 4.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Nb) 0.0015) + AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 934.5 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 4.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Nb) 0.0015) + AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 509.49 | SIG2SL (x(Nb) 0.66818) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.77912) + BCC_A2 (x(Nb) 0.98834) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 509.49 | SIG2SL3 (x(Nb) 0.66818) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.77912) + BCC_A2 (x(Nb) 0.98834) |
| AlNb-23Fio.tdb | 509.49 | SIG2SL5 (x(Nb) 0.66818) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.77912) + BCC_A2 (x(Nb) 0.98834) |
| AlNb-97Ser-LB.tdb | 2323.98 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.71187) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.78331) + BCC_A2 (x(Nb) 0.81955) |
| AlNb-97Ser-LB.tdb | 2207.81 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.63129) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.69377) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.74601) |
| AlNb-97Ser-LB.tdb | 1869.54 | AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25517) + LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.41931) + SIGMA_D8B (x(Nb) 0.59584) |
| AlNb-97Ser-LB.tdb | 934.19 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 1.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Nb) 0.00104) + AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.24999) |
| AlNb-97Ser-LB.tdb | 934.19 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 1.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Nb) 0.00104) + AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.24999) |
| AlNb-98Sau.tdb | 2333.74 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.7184) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.78172) + B2_BCC (x(Nb) 0.83086) |
| AlNb-98Sau.tdb | 2237.63 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.64747) + SIGMA_OLD (x(Nb) 0.68285) + ALNB3_A15 (x(Nb) 0.77213) |
| AlNb-98Sau.tdb | 1832.15 | AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25) + LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.41204) + SIGMA_OLD (x(Nb) 0.59631) |
| AlNb-98Sau.tdb | 1832.15 | AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25) + LIQUID (x(Nb) 0.41193) + SIGMA_OLD (x(Nb) 0.59625) |
| AlNb-98Sau.tdb | 934.57 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 1.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Nb) 0.00166) + AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25) |
| AlNb-98Sau.tdb | 934.57 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 1.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Nb) 0.00162) + AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25) |
| AlNb-98Sau.tdb | 934.57 | LIQUID (x(Nb) 1.000e-5) + FCC_A1 (x(Nb) 0.00162) + AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25) |
| AlNb-98Sau.tdb | 765.8 | AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25) + B2_BCC (x(Nb) 0.5547) + SIGMA_OLD (x(Nb) 0.63573) |
| AlNb-98Sau.tdb | 765.8 | AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25) + B2_BCC (x(Nb) 0.5547) + SIGMA_OLD (x(Nb) 0.63573) |
| AlNb-98Sau.tdb | 765.8 | AL3NB_D022 (x(Nb) 0.25) + B2_BCC (x(Nb) 0.5547) + SIGMA_OLD (x(Nb) 0.63573) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/AL/AL-NB.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/AL/AL-NB.json) · [CALPHAD hull AlNb-08Zhu](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/AL/AL-NB--AlNb-08Zhu.json) · [CALPHAD hull AlNb-09Wit](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/AL/AL-NB--AlNb-09Wit.json) · [CALPHAD hull AlNb-15He](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/AL/AL-NB--AlNb-15He.json) · [CALPHAD hull AlNb-97Ser-LB](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/AL/AL-NB--AlNb-97Ser-LB.json) · [CALPHAD hull AlNb-98Sau](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/AL/AL-NB--AlNb-98Sau.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Al–Nb system (67)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2336.15 | peritectic: L + (Nb) = Nb3Al | Nb3Al: Al 0.25, Nb 0.75 | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Witusiewicz 2015_ | Table 4, p. 7, row 3; `ORC-WRTFML4JCQ` |  |
| 2336 | L + β -> δ | δ: Al 0.25, Nb 0.75 | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | Table 5, p. 10, row 2; `ORC-OVKGPZRXI2` |  |
| 2335.15 | peritectic: L + (Nb) = Nb3Al | L: Al 0.265; (Nb): Al 0.195; Nb3Al: Al 0.225 | model | [1] He 2015; _cites Witusiewicz 2015_ | Table 4, p. 7, row 5; `ORC-AEUGVN7KR3` |  |
| 2335 | other: L + β -> δ | L: Al 0.265; β: Al 0.195; δ: Al 0.225 | unspecified | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | Table 5, p. 10, row 6; `ORC-I4YOJJHWTC` |  |
| 2334 | L + β -> δ | L: Al 0.282; β: Al 0.169; δ: Al 0.218 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Saunders 1998_ | Table 5, p. 10, row 4; `ORC-PAWO6FD6PZ` |  |
| 2333.7 | peritectic: Liquid + bcc-A2 -> AlNb3\*\* | Liquid: Nb 0.718; bcc-A2: Nb 0.831; AlNb3\*\*: Nb 0.782 | model | [3] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 89, row 4; `ORC-TPWBZ2475C` |  |
| 2333.15 | peritectic: L + (Nb) = Nb3Al | L: Al 0.28; (Nb): Al 0.215; Nb3Al: Al 0.225 | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Jorda 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990120-4) | Table 4, p. 7, row 2; `ORC-LIOE4H3KHT` |  |
| 2333.15 | peritectic: L + (Nb) = Nb3Al | L: Al 0.261; (Nb): Al 0.198; Nb3Al: Al 0.222 | model | [1] He 2015; _cites Zhu 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033) | Table 4, p. 7, row 4; `ORC-XXZZ37KT2Z` |  |
| 2333 | peritectic: L + β -> δ | L: Al 0.28; β: Al 0.215; δ: Al 0.225 | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 5, p. 10, row 1; `ORC-6D2KYBZ3B2` |  |
| 2333 | L + β -> δ | L: Al 0.261; β: Al 0.198; δ: Al 0.222 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Zhu 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033) | Table 5, p. 10, row 5; `ORC-AE6PMCXGPL` |  |
| 2331.15 | peritectic: L + (Nb) = Nb3Al | L: Al 0.263; (Nb): Al 0.199; Nb3Al: Al 0.217 | model | [1] He 2015 | Table 4, p. 7, row 1; `ORC-YYN3ARHMQO` |  |
| 2324 | L + β -> δ | L: Al 0.288; β: Al 0.18; δ: Al 0.217 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Servant 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19981020923) | Table 5, p. 10, row 3; `ORC-Y55WDL4RPH` |  |
| 2238 | L + δ -> σ | L: Al 0.353; δ: Al 0.228; σ: Al 0.317 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Saunders 1998_ | Table 5, p. 10, row 10; `ORC-CXJLVM7AKG` |  |
| 2237.6 | peritectic: Liquid + AlNb3\*\* -> σ | Liquid: Nb 0.647; AlNb3\*\*: Nb 0.772; σ: Nb 0.683 | model | [3] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 89, row 3; `ORC-QY3AHLNV7B` |  |
| 2213.15 | peritectic: L + Nb3Al = Nb2Al | L: Al 0.35; Nb3Al: Al 0.234; Nb2Al: Al 0.306 | model | [1] He 2015 | Table 4, p. 7, row 6; `ORC-TN64N4PDQA` |  |
| 2213.15 | peritectic: L + Nb3Al = Nb2Al | L: Al 0.36; Nb3Al: Al 0.25; Nb2Al: Al 0.32 | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Jorda 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990120-4) | Table 4, p. 7, row 7; `ORC-UUVDH7NQN4` |  |
| 2213.15 | peritectic: L + Nb3Al = Nb2Al | L: Al 0.352; Nb3Al: Al 0.249; Nb2Al: Al 0.302 | model | [1] He 2015; _cites Witusiewicz 2015_ | Table 4, p. 7, row 10; `ORC-WRUNCMNZLI` |  |
| 2213 | peritectic: L + δ -> σ | L: Al 0.36; δ: Al 0.25; σ: Al 0.32 | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 5, p. 10, row 7; `ORC-E2CU4LGGUE` |  |
| 2213 | other: L + δ -> σ | L: Al 0.352; δ: Al 0.249; σ: Al 0.302 | unspecified | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | Table 5, p. 10, row 12; `ORC-VF46KA6TT2` |  |
| 2209.15 | peritectic: L + Nb3Al = Nb2Al | L: Al 0.349; Nb3Al: Al 0.238; Nb2Al: Al 0.311 | model | [1] He 2015; _cites Zhu 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033) | Table 4, p. 7, row 9; `ORC-XFN66UOPGX` |  |
| 2209 | L + δ -> σ | L: Al 0.349; δ: Al 0.238; σ: Al 0.311 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Zhu 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033) | Table 5, p. 10, row 11; `ORC-VGADE6TDEL` |  |
| 2209 | L + δ -> σ | L: Al 0.368; δ: Al 0.254; σ: Al 0.306 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Servant 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19981020923) | Table 5, p. 10, row 9; `ORC-XZTT6UFPEI` |  |
| 2208.15 | peritectic: L + Nb3Al = Nb2Al | Nb3Al: Al 0.25, Nb 0.75; Nb2Al: Al 0.333333, Nb 0.666667 | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Witusiewicz 2015_ | Table 4, p. 7, row 8; `ORC-TLEFFBDOGX` |  |
| 2208 | L + δ -> σ | δ: Al 0.25, Nb 0.75 | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | Table 5, p. 10, row 8; `ORC-547LAHHPW7` |  |
| 2001.15 | congruent melting: L = NbAl3 | L: Al 0.749; NbAl3: Al 0.749 | model | [1] He 2015 | Table 4, p. 7, row 11; `ORC-RDJM5HBUG4` |  |
| 2000.15 | congruent melting: L = NbAl3 | L: Al 0.75, Nb 0.25; NbAl3: Al 0.75, Nb 0.25 | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Stein 2014_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.02.045) | Table 4, p. 7, row 15; `ORC-UQEB3ETZCP` |  |
| 1994.15 | congruent melting: L = NbAl3 | L: Al 0.75, Nb 0.25; NbAl3: Al 0.75, Nb 0.25 | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Witusiewicz 2015_ | Table 4, p. 7, row 14; `ORC-U25YFJS25Z` |  |
| 1988.15 | congruent melting: L = NbAl3 | L: Al 0.75, Nb 0.25; NbAl3: Al 0.75, Nb 0.25 | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Witusiewicz 2015_ | Table 4, p. 7, row 13; `ORC-5LL2S4ESFI` |  |
| 1987.15 | congruent melting: L = NbAl3 | L: Al 0.7486; NbAl3: Al 0.7486 | model | [1] He 2015; _cites Witusiewicz 2015_ | Table 4, p. 7, row 17; `ORC-DW7MCCM4DP` |  |
| 1987 | other: L -> ε | L: Al 0.7486; ε: Al 0.7486 | unspecified | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | Table 5, p. 10, row 18; `ORC-K7C673WWTM` |  |
| 1986 | congruent melting: L -> ε |  | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | Table 5, p. 10, row 14; `ORC-KDW6XNUJFJ` |  |
| 1968 | congruent melting: L -> ε | L: Al 0.7486; ε: Al 0.7486 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Servant 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19981020923) | Table 5, p. 10, row 15; `ORC-UKOLO6TE4G` |  |
| 1961.15 | congruent melting: L = NbAl3 | L: Al 0.75; NbAl3: Al 0.75 | model | [1] He 2015; _cites Zhu 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033) | Table 4, p. 7, row 16; `ORC-Q3DQHW57NQ` |  |
| 1961 | congruent melting: L -> ε | L: Al 0.75; ε: Al 0.75 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Zhu 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033) | Table 5, p. 10, row 17; `ORC-J6WHCFY7UI` |  |
| 1956 | congruent melting: L -> ε | L: Al 0.75; ε: Al 0.75 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Saunders 1998_ | Table 5, p. 10, row 16; `ORC-7CULRCOYAJ` |  |
| 1955.5 | congruent melting: Al3Nb\* -> Liquid | Al3Nb\*: Nb 0.25; Liquid: Nb 0.25 | model | [3] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 89, row 5; `ORC-25E3CS7K24` |  |
| 1953.15 | congruent melting: L = NbAl3 | L: Al 0.75; NbAl3: Al 0.75 | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Jorda 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990120-4) | Table 4, p. 7, row 12; `ORC-LFG4IOSSJ7` |  |
| 1953 | other: L -> ε | L: Al 0.75; ε: Al 0.75 | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 5, p. 10, row 13; `ORC-FJXRDYXVOV` |  |
| 1869 | eutectic: L -> ε + σ | L: Al 0.581; ε: Al 0.745; σ: Al 0.404 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Servant 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19981020923) | Table 5, p. 10, row 21; `ORC-2JJPBRFW55` |  |
| 1863.15 | eutectic: L = Nb2Al + NbAl3 | L: Al 0.55; Nb2Al: Al 0.42; NbAl3: Al 0.75, Nb 0.25 | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Jorda 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990120-4) | Table 4, p. 7, row 19; `ORC-3WZNFEAGUP` |  |
| 1863 | eutectic: L -> ε + σ | L: Al 0.55; σ: Al 0.42 | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 5, p. 10, row 19; `ORC-V7TH37YE7N` |  |
| 1861.15 | eutectic: L = Nb2Al + NbAl3 | L: Al 0.58; Nb2Al: Al 0.333333, Nb 0.666667; NbAl3: Al 0.75, Nb 0.25 | model | [1] He 2015; _cites Zhu 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033) | Table 4, p. 7, row 21; `ORC-IGNQSNDBVD` |  |
| 1861 | eutectic: L -> ε + σ | L: Al 0.58; ε: Al 0.75; σ: Al 0.406 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Zhu 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033) | Table 5, p. 10, row 23; `ORC-K57UHFNDMS` |  |
| 1854.15 | eutectic: L = Nb2Al + NbAl3 | L: Al 0.564; Nb2Al: Al 0.406; NbAl3: Al 0.746 | model | [1] He 2015 | Table 4, p. 7, row 18; `ORC-25CCHT5AUF` |  |
| 1845.15 | eutectic: L = Nb2Al + NbAl3 | Nb2Al: Al 0.406; NbAl3: Al 0.75, Nb 0.25 | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Witusiewicz 2015_ | Table 4, p. 7, row 20; `ORC-KPZL5NCL4H` |  |
| 1845 | eutectic: L -> ε + σ |  | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | Table 5, p. 10, row 20; `ORC-FL47HHJNEQ` |  |
| 1844.15 | eutectic: L = Nb2Al + NbAl3 | L: Al 0.562; Nb2Al: Al 0.386; NbAl3: Al 0.743 | model | [1] He 2015; _cites Witusiewicz 2015_ | Table 4, p. 7, row 22; `ORC-WWDXUX2M5O` |  |
| 1844 | other: L -> ε + σ | L: Al 0.562; ε: Al 0.743; σ: Al 0.386 | unspecified | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | Table 5, p. 10, row 24; `ORC-DP2TJIXZA4` |  |
| 1832.1 | eutectic: Liquid -> Al3Nb\* + σ | Liquid: Nb 0.412; Al3Nb\*: Nb 0.25; σ: Nb 0.596 | model | [3] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 89, row 2; `ORC-OZJPHSSMNG` |  |
| 1832 | eutectic: L -> ε + σ | L: Al 0.588; ε: Al 0.75; σ: Al 0.404 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Saunders 1998_ | Table 5, p. 10, row 22; `ORC-KFHNFU7PLW` |  |
| 934.6 | peritectic: L + ε -> (αAl) | L: Al 0.9996; (αAl): Al 0.9994 | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 5, p. 10, row 26; `ORC-CME3JERBA5` |  |
| 934.6 | L + ε -> (αAl) |  | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Zhu 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033) | Table 5, p. 10, row 28; `ORC-DPWDZ2YNK7` |  |
| 934.6 | L + ε -> (αAl) |  | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Lundin 1966_ | Table 5, p. 10, row 27; `ORC-W5BSXW7OYU` |  |
| 934.59 | peritectic |  | experimental | [4] Zhu 2008 | p. 3; `ORC-L7MTWLT5XG` | “The degenerated equilibrium temperature is determined to be 661.44 ◦ C after the temperature calibration to pure Al is made. That temperature is higher by 1.1 K than the melting point of Al, showing a peritectic nature for the observed degenerated equilibrium.” |
| 934.55 | peritectic: L + NbAl3 = (Al) | NbAl3: Al 0.75, Nb 0.25; (Al): Al 0.9994 | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Zhu 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033) | Table 4, p. 7, row 25; `ORC-5JQYW2BCFY` |  |
| 934.55 | peritectic: L + NbAl3 = (Al) | L: Al 0.9996; NbAl3: Al 0.75, Nb 0.25 | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Shilo 1982_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2124218) | Table 4, p. 7, row 24; `ORC-5PIJZAQWRX` |  |
| 934.5 | other: L + ε -> (αAl) | L: Al 0.99998; ε: Al 0.75; (αAl): Al 0.9985 | unspecified | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | Table 5, p. 10, row 33; `ORC-6C6QPSRWFW` |  |
| 934.5 | L + ε -> (αAl) | L: Al 0.99999; ε: Al 0.75; (αAl): Al 0.9985 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Zhu 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033) | Table 5, p. 10, row 32; `ORC-O3IIAWBUEB` |  |
| 934.45 | peritectic: L + NbAl3 = (Al) | L: Al 0.99999; NbAl3: Al 0.75; (Al): Al 0.9985 | model | [1] He 2015; _cites Zhu 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033) | Table 4, p. 7, row 27; `ORC-72EUCYG6RO` |  |
| 934.45 | peritectic: L + NbAl3 = (Al) | L: Al 0.9999; NbAl3: Al 0.751; (Al): Al 0.9985 | model | [1] He 2015 | Table 4, p. 7, row 23; `ORC-HRTC2YDWBP` |  |
| 934.45 | peritectic: L + NbAl3 = (Al) | L: Al 0.99998; NbAl3: Al 0.75, Nb 0.25; (Al): Al 0.9985 | model | [1] He 2015; _cites Witusiewicz 2015_ | Table 4, p. 7, row 28; `ORC-YJPOJ7M6G7` |  |
| 934.2 | peritectic: Liquid + Al3Nb\* -> fcc-Al | Liquid: Nb 0; Al3Nb\*: Nb 0.25; fcc-Al: Nb 0.001 | model | [3] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 89, row 1; `ORC-4AH55M35LC` |  |
| 934.2 | L + ε -> (αAl) | L: Al 0.99999; ε: Al 0.75; (αAl): Al 0.999 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Servant 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19981020923) | Table 5, p. 10, row 30; `ORC-LZLG54LGVL` |  |
| 934.2 | L + ε -> (αAl) | L: Al 1; ε: Al 0.75; (αAl): Al 0.999 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Saunders 1998_ | Table 5, p. 10, row 31; `ORC-NGEWEIFBLU` |  |
| 933 | eutectic: L -> (αAl) + ε |  | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009; _cites Baron 1961_ | Table 5, p. 10, row 25; `ORC-46G6XWR3KJ` |  |
| 930.15 | peritectic: L + NbAl3 = (Al) | NbAl3: Al 0.75 | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Witusiewicz 2015_ | Table 4, p. 7, row 26; `ORC-EIFPDG6A7T` |  |
| 930 | L + ε -> (αAl) |  | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | Table 5, p. 10, row 29; `ORC-V2UHCCJ62X` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (9)

Table: Phase transition, Al–Nb system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 1524 K | 1524 | congruent transformation: ␣2 ↔ ␤0 | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | p. 14; `ORC-PXRLH7AVMK` | “As calculated, a congruent transformation ␣2 ↔ ␤0 occurs at 1524 K.” |
| Phase transition | 1953.15 K | 1953.15 | NbAl3 | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Jorda 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2880%2990120-4) | p. 2; `ORC-HJS37CDZC2` | “These values are much higher than the previously accepted one (1680 °C \[16\]).” |
| Phase transition | 1987 K | 1987 | congruent transformation | model | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | p. 10; `ORC-LHC7IXSJTZ` | “Thus, in agreement with our own measurements and with the present thermodynamic description, the congruent melting temperature of NbAl3 amount to 1987 K.” |
| Phase transition | 1987.15 K | 1987.15 | congruent transformation | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Witusiewicz 2015_ | p. 2; `ORC-OLAPFOLKYE.c981fd` | “A noticeable information obtained experimentally by Witusiewicz et al. \[8\] is the congruent melting temperature of NbAl3 (1721 °C from DTA and 1714 °C from pyrometric measurement).” |
| Phase transition | 1994.15 K | 1994.15 | congruent transformation | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Witusiewicz 2015_ | p. 2; `ORC-OLAPFOLKYE.43f58c` | “A noticeable information obtained experimentally by Witusiewicz et al. \[8\] is the congruent melting temperature of NbAl3 (1721 °C from DTA and 1714 °C from pyrometric measurement).” |
| Phase transition | 2000.15 K | 2000.15 | congruent transformation | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Stein 2014_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.02.045) | p. 2; `ORC-2MV7X3RMQJ` | “In a more recent paper \[9\] the congruent melting temperature of NbAl3 was re-investigated applying lower heating and cooling rates than in \[8\] (5 and 10 K/min instead of 20 K/min), giving a value of 1727 °C.” |
| Phase transition | 2000.15 K | 2000.15 | congruent transformation | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Stein 2014_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.02.045) | p. 8; `ORC-IXTLSMVZHS.1bcdc8` | “It should be noted that the calculated congruent melting temperature of NbAl3 is 1728 °C, which perfectly fits the experimental value of 1727 °C \[9\], which in turn is much higher than reported in previous descriptions.” |
| Phase transition | 2000.15 K | 2000.15 | congruent transformation | experimental | [1] He 2015; _cites Stein 2014_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.02.045) | p. 1; `ORC-MYRHU3WZZV` | “In addition, according to the latest experimental data the congruent melting temperature of the intermetallic phase NbAl3 is 1727 °C \[9\], which is higher than the previously reported value.” |
| Phase transition | 2001.15 K | 2001.15 | congruent transformation | model | [1] He 2015 | p. 8; `ORC-IXTLSMVZHS.0ccb0b` | “It should be noted that the calculated congruent melting temperature of NbAl3 is 1728 °C, which perfectly fits the experimental value of 1727 °C \[9\], which in turn is much higher than reported in previous descriptions.” |

### Phase equilibrium (3)

Table: Phase equilibrium, Al–Nb system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase assemblage |  | 1473 | ␣ + ␥; _alloy: Al 0.46, Nb 0.08_ | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | p. 6; `ORC-U2AI2BMRYC.23eeaa` | “Fig. 4c and d show the microstructure of sample no. 11 with about 46 at.% Al and 8 at.% Nb: after annealing for 2 h at 1633 K the sample displays single phase ␣-grains (Fig. 4c), whereas the double annealing 1633 K/2 h + 1473 K/15 h resulted in a lamellar two-phase structure composed of ␣ and ␥ (Fig. 4d).” |
| Phase assemblage |  | 1633 | ␣; _alloy: Al 0.46, Nb 0.08_ | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | p. 6; `ORC-U2AI2BMRYC.6933c8` | “Fig. 4c and d show the microstructure of sample no. 11 with about 46 at.% Al and 8 at.% Nb: after annealing for 2 h at 1633 K the sample displays single phase ␣-grains (Fig. 4c), whereas the double annealing 1633 K/2 h + 1473 K/15 h resulted in a lamellar two-phase structure composed of ␣ and ␥ (Fig. 4d).” |
| Phase assemblage |  | 1703 | ␣ + ␤; _alloy: Al 0.47, Nb 0.12_ | experimental | [2] Witusiewicz 2009 | p. 5; `ORC-JTZ2CLFMRJ` | “The sample with 47 at.% Al and 12 at.% Nb displayed a small amount of ␤-phase at 1703 K (see Fig. 3f) that significantly reduced the coarsening of ␣-grains.” |

### Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (2)

Table: Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, Al–Nb system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy; _printed: entropy at constant volume_ | 93 J K 1 mol 1 | 298.15 |  | DFT | [5] Gebauer 2022; _cites Online_ | p. 7; `ORC-P2H3A6TLZ5` | “The entropy at constant volume of AlNbO4 is available in an online database for ab initio phonon calculations\[36\] and is 93.0 J K1 mol1 at 25 °C.” |
| Entropy; _printed: entropy at constant pressure_ | 90 J K 1 mol 1 | 298.15 |  | model | [5] Gebauer 2022 | p. 7; `ORC-QGFDDMR3ZR` | “The entropy at constant pressure (calculated, this work) is 90.0 J K1 mol1 at 25 °C.” |

### Crystal structure (5)

Table: Crystal structure, Al–Nb system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lattice a | 3.844 Å | 298.15 | Al3Nb; _alloy: Nb 0.25_ | model | [6] Shao 2004; _cites Villars 1991_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 10; `ORC-LBLMCLEK4B.f66417` |  |
| Lattice a | 9.945 Å | 298.15 | Nb2Al (σ); _alloy: Nb 0.666667_ | model | [6] Shao 2004; _cites Villars 1991_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 8; `ORC-2CH54ATQF3.a3e4a8` |  |
| Lattice a | 5.186 Å | 298.15 | Nb3Al; _alloy: Nb 0.75_ | model | [6] Shao 2004; _cites Villars 1991_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 9; `ORC-MFH2SLXZRL` |  |
| Lattice c | 8.605 Å | 298.15 | Al3Nb; _alloy: Nb 0.25_ | model | [6] Shao 2004; _cites Villars 1991_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 10; `ORC-LBLMCLEK4B.666331` |  |
| Lattice c | 5.171 Å | 298.15 | Nb2Al (σ); _alloy: Nb 0.666667_ | model | [6] Shao 2004; _cites Villars 1991_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 8; `ORC-2CH54ATQF3.a9f5af` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Cuiyun He, Frank Stein, Martin Palm, Thermodynamic description of the systems Co–Nb, Al–Nb and Co–Al–Nb, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 637, 361-375 (2015). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.02.182](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.02.182)
2. V.T. Witusiewicz, A.A. Bondar, U. Hecht, T.Ya. Velikanova, The Al–B–Nb–Ti system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 472, 133-161 (2009). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.05.008](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.05.008)
3. I. Ansara, A. T. Dinsdale, M. H. Rand (eds.), COST 507: Thermochemical database for light metal alloys, Volume 2, EUR 18499 EN, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg (1998), ISBN 92-828-3902-8.
4. Zhijun Zhu, Yong Du, Lijun Zhang, Hailin Chen, Honghui Xu, Chengying Tang, Experimental identification of the degenerated equilibrium and thermodynamic modeling in the Al–Nb system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 460, 632-638 (2008). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.06.033)
5. Julian Gebauer, Peter Franke, Hans Jürgen Seifert, Thermodynamic Evaluation of the system Ta–O and Preliminary Assessment of the Systems Al–Nb–O and Al–Ta–O, Adv Eng Mater 24 (2022). [doi:10.1002/adem.202200162](https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202200162)
6. G. Shao, Thermodynamic assessment of the Nb–Si–Al system, Intermetallics 12, 655-664 (2004). [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2004.03.011](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2004.03.011)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).