# B system

> B system: 38 accepted literature values (crystal structure 22, invariant reaction 15, phase transition 1) and 0 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/B.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/B.md

38 accepted literature values from 8 paper(s) (experimental 16, model 12, unspecified 10); 0 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/B.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/B.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#B) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/B.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/B.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 16 |
| model | 12 |
| unspecified | 10 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 15 |
| phase transition | 1 |
| crystal structure | 22 |

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the B system (15)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2573.15 | congruent melting: L -> β(B) | L: B 1; β(B): B 1 | experimental | [1] Premović 2017; _cites Stecher 1965_ | Table 2, p. 2, row 6; `ORC-XH6TZQCVHJ` |  |
| 2563.15 | congruent melting: L -> β(B) | L: B 1; β(B): B 1 | experimental | [1] Premović 2017; _cites Benesovsky 1967_ | Table 2, p. 2, row 5; `ORC-OCSK44G6HD` |  |
| 2423 | congruent melting: L \<-> B | L: B 1; B: B 1 | experimental | [2] Bittermann 1997; _cites ref. 71Por_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 10; `ORC-JYCZDZ7O64` |  |
| 2373 | congruent melting: L \<-> B | L: B 1; B: B 1 | experimental | [2] Bittermann 1997; _cites ref. 65Rud1_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 9; `ORC-JKFNDUYT6P` |  |
| 2365.15 | congruent melting: β -> L | β: B 1; L: B 1 | experimental | [3] Campbell 1999; _cites Schobel 1965_ | Table 4, p. 4, row 31; `ORC-DWJJKR7CS7` |  |
| 2365.15 | congruent melting: β ↔ L | β: B 1; L: B 1 | experimental | [3] Campbell 1999; _cites Carlson 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841717) | Table 3, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-EDANEJQQHW` |  |
| 2365.15 | congruent melting: L -> β(B) | L: B 1; β(B): B 1 | unspecified | [1] Premović 2017; _cites Holcombe 1973_ | Table 2, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-HIFPTFRSKH` |  |
| 2348.15 | congruent melting: β -> L | β: B 1; L: B 1 | model | [3] Campbell 1999; _cites Dinsdale 1991_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2891%2990030-n) | Table 4, p. 4, row 32; `ORC-AAIWSNKXOQ` |  |
| 2348.15 | congruent melting: β ↔ L | β: B 1; L: B 1 | model | [3] Campbell 1999; _cites Dinsdale 1991_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2891%2990030-n) | Table 3, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-BNPBUH5FUM` |  |
| 2348.15 | L -> β(B) | L: B 1; β(B): B 1 | model | [1] Premović 2017 | Table 7, p. 9, row 3; `ORC-EWB7URDI2I` |  |
| 2348.15 | L -> β(B) | L: B 1; β(B): B 1 | experimental | [1] Premović 2017; _cites Wang 2013_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2013.03.001) | Table 7, p. 9, row 4; `ORC-N7B4MB5AMZ` |  |
| 2348.15 | congruent melting: L -> β(B) | L: B 1; β(B): B 1 | unspecified | [1] Premović 2017; _cites Wang 2013_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2013.03.001) | Table 2, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-NX6H6XVX5G` |  |
| 2348 | congruent melting: L \<-> B | L: B 1; B: B 1 | model | [2] Bittermann 1997 | Table 1, p. 2, row 11; `ORC-IWISF36U6J` |  |
| 2347.15 | congruent melting: L -> β(B) | L: B 0.996; β(B): B 0.996 | experimental | [1] Premović 2017; _cites Kimpel 1968_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/je60037a028) | Table 2, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-P3EJ5KLZSF` |  |
| 2315.15 | congruent melting: L -> β(B) | L: B 1; β(B): B 1 | experimental | [1] Premović 2017; _cites Mar 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2872%2987018-7) | Table 2, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-EPAFYQMAJA` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (1)

Table: Phase transition, B system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 2365.15 K | 2365.15 | B | experimental | [4] Campbell 2002; _cites ref. 25_ | p. 5; `ORC-WZHNIXZ2J2` | “The melting temperature of boron used by Dinsdale \[lo\] is 17 degrees lower than the melting temperature of 2092 "C \[25\] used in most evaluations.” |

### Crystal structure (22)

Table: Crystal structure, B system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lattice a | 10.9251 Å | 298.15 | (βB)(a); _(βB)(a): B 1_ | unspecified | [5] Spear 1990 | Table 3, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-RG6DQ6XSPD.55c0e9` |  |
| Lattice a | 10.9253 Å | 298.15 | (βB)(a); _(βB)(a): B 1_ | unspecified | [5] Spear 1990 | Table 3, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-V2BKWVD6KJ.2884e6` |  |
| Lattice a | 10.9382 Å ± 5.000e-4 | 298.15 | B | model | [6] Duschanek 1995; _cites Crespo 1981_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 44; `ORC-6V7DZHVG7T.0b2646` |  |
| Lattice a | 10.9276 Å ± 5.000e-4 | 298.15 | B | model | [6] Duschanek 1995; _cites Crespo 1981_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 43; `ORC-GS3BVBGHQK.800064` |  |
| Lattice a | 10.9251 Å | 298.15 | B | experimental | [6] Duschanek 1995; _cites Callmer 1977_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 42; `ORC-MGBWCBEQZE.5db1bc` |  |
| Lattice a | 1.017 not_printed | 298.15 | β(B) | experimental | [1] Premović 2017; _cites Geist 1970_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-I3MRATB5XE.610d73` |  |
| Lattice a | 10.927 Å | 298.15 | βB | unspecified | [7] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 85Vil_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-KBW7C3ROU6.416ec1` |  |
| Lattice a | 10.925 Å | 298.15 | βB | model | [8] Sun 2010; _cites Liao 1986_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02869863) | Table 1, p. 2, row 13; `ORC-PNRGNW4COF.f037c3` |  |
| Lattice a | 10.9251 Å | 298.15 | βB | unspecified | [7] Duschanek 1995 | Table 3, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-YHHCSEJX5B.8114c1` |  |
| Lattice b | 1.017 not_printed | 298.15 | β(B) | experimental | [1] Premović 2017; _cites Geist 1970_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-I3MRATB5XE.2d307c` |  |
| Lattice b | 23.81 Å | 298.15 | βB | model | [8] Sun 2010; _cites Liao 1986_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02869863) | Table 1, p. 2, row 13; `ORC-PNRGNW4COF.a1d28f` |  |
| Lattice c | 23.8143 Å | 298.15 | (βB)(a); _(βB)(a): B 1_ | unspecified | [5] Spear 1990 | Table 3, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-RG6DQ6XSPD.0c4c49` |  |
| Lattice c | 23.8103 Å | 298.15 | (βB)(a); _(βB)(a): B 1_ | unspecified | [5] Spear 1990 | Table 3, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-V2BKWVD6KJ.aff3ec` |  |
| Lattice c | 23.8356 Å ± 0.0018 | 298.15 | B | model | [6] Duschanek 1995; _cites Crespo 1981_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 44; `ORC-6V7DZHVG7T.86dc25` |  |
| Lattice c | 23.8141 Å ± 0.0015 | 298.15 | B | model | [6] Duschanek 1995; _cites Crespo 1981_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 43; `ORC-GS3BVBGHQK.671092` |  |
| Lattice c | 23.8143 Å | 298.15 | B | experimental | [6] Duschanek 1995; _cites Callmer 1977_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 42; `ORC-MGBWCBEQZE.e28c5f` |  |
| Lattice c | 23.8865 Å | 298.15 | βB | unspecified | [7] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 85Vil_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-KBW7C3ROU6.90f1c9` |  |
| Lattice c | 23.8143 Å | 298.15 | βB | unspecified | [7] Duschanek 1995 | Table 3, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-YHHCSEJX5B.999c27` |  |
| lattice alpha | 65.12 not_printed | 298.15 | β(B) | experimental | [1] Premović 2017; _cites Geist 1970_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-I3MRATB5XE.e272fd` |  |
| lattice v | 2469.72 nm3 × 10^3 | 298.15 | B | model | [6] Duschanek 1995; _cites Crespo 1981_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 44; `ORC-6V7DZHVG7T.690743` |  |
| lattice v | 2462.72 nm3 × 10^3 | 298.15 | B | model | [6] Duschanek 1995; _cites Crespo 1981_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 43; `ORC-GS3BVBGHQK.34e616` |  |
| lattice v | 2461.61 nm3 × 10^3 | 298.15 | B | experimental | [6] Duschanek 1995; _cites Callmer 1977_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 42; `ORC-MGBWCBEQZE.7e11e0` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Milena Premović, Yong Du, Fan Zhang, Bo Sundman, Duško Minić, Biao Hu, Phase equilibria in the ternary B-Ce-Cu system with a thermodynamic reassessment of the binary B-Ce system, Thermochimica Acta 657, 185-196 (2017). [doi:10.1016/j.tca.2017.10.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2017.10.006)
2. H. Bittermann, P. Rogl, Critical assessment and thermodynamic calculation of the ternary system boron-hafnium-titanium (B-Hf-Ti), JPE 18, 24-47 (1997). [doi:10.1007/bf02646757](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02646757)
3. C. E. Campbell, U. R. Kattner, A thermodynamic assessment of the Ni-Al-B system, JPE 20, 485-496 (1999). [doi:10.1361/105497199770340743](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497199770340743)
4. C.E. Campbell, U.R. Kattner, Assessment of the Cr-B system and extrapolation to the Ni-Al-Cr-B quaternary system, Calphad 26, 477-490 (2002). [doi:10.1016/s0364-5916(02)00058-5](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-5916%2802%2900058-5)
5. K. E. Spear, P. K. Liao, The B-Sc (Boron-Scandium) system, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 11, 321-324 (1990). [doi:10.1007/bf02843307](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02843307)
6. H. Duschanek, P. Rogl, Critical assessment and thermodynamic calculation of the binary system boron-tungsten (B-W), JPE 16, 150-161 (1995). [doi:10.1007/bf02664852](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02664852)
7. H. Duschanek, P. Rogl, H. L. Lukas, A critical assessment and thermodynamic calculation of the boron-carbon-titanium (B-C-Ti) ternary system, JPE 16, 46-60 (1995). [doi:10.1007/bf02646248](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02646248)
8. Weihua Sun, Yong Du, Shuhong Liu, Baiyun Huang, Chao Jiang, Thermodynamic Assessment of the Mn-B System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 31, 357-364 (2010). [doi:10.1007/s11669-010-9740-6](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-010-9740-6)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).