# Ba–Ge system

> Ba–Ge system: 119 accepted literature values (crystal structure 66, formation 21, invariant reaction 20, phase transition 12) and 1 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BA-GE.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BA-GE.md

119 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 39, model 30, DFT 20, unspecified 30); 1 calculated phase diagram(s). 8 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/BA-GE.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BA-GE.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#BA-GE) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#BA-GE/BaGe-19Ben.json) · [phases (13)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/BA-GE.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/BA-GE.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BA-GE.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 39 |
| model | 30 |
| DFT | 20 |
| unspecified | 30 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 20 |
| phase transition | 12 |
| formation | 21 |
| crystal structure | 66 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | R. Benhafid, A. Belgacem Bouzida, Y. Djaballah, A. Candan, A. Iyigör, G. Ugur, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus., 40, 195-205(2019). [doi:10.1007/s11669-019-00714-2](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-019-00714-2) | `118f846ad4780ff7cddbb8c80cc21554ba196360eac8478ff368429d0c678490` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#BA-GE/BaGe-19Ben.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BaGe-19Ben.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/BaGe-19Ben.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1202.1 | LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.56154) + BA3GE4_BETA (x(Ge) 0.57143) + BAGE2 (x(Ge) 0.66667) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1202.1 | LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.56151) + BA3GE4_BETA (x(Ge) 0.57143) + BAGE2 (x(Ge) 0.66667) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1202.1 | LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.56158) + BA3GE4_BETA (x(Ge) 0.57143) + BAGE2 (x(Ge) 0.66667) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1200.3 | BAGE_B33 (x(Ge) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.55688) + BA3GE4_BETA (x(Ge) 0.57143) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1200.3 | BAGE_B33 (x(Ge) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.55694) + BA3GE4_BETA (x(Ge) 0.57143) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1200.3 | BAGE_B33 (x(Ge) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.55683) + BA3GE4_BETA (x(Ge) 0.57143) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1193.52 | BA2GE_C37 (x(Ge) 0.33333) + BA5GE3 (x(Ge) 0.375) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.4035) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1193.52 | BA2GE_C37 (x(Ge) 0.33333) + BA5GE3 (x(Ge) 0.375) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.40356) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1193.52 | BA2GE_C37 (x(Ge) 0.33333) + BA5GE3 (x(Ge) 0.375) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.40328) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1167.41 | BA5GE3 (x(Ge) 0.375) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.4271) + BAGE_B33 (x(Ge) 0.5) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1167.4 | BA5GE3 (x(Ge) 0.375) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.42691) + BAGE_B33 (x(Ge) 0.5) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1086.7 | BAGE2 (x(Ge) 0.66667) + BA6GE25 (x(Ge) 0.80645) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.81938) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1086.7 | BAGE2 (x(Ge) 0.66667) + BA6GE25 (x(Ge) 0.80645) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.81922) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1086.7 | BAGE2 (x(Ge) 0.66667) + BA6GE25 (x(Ge) 0.80645) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.81922) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1085.68 | LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.83742) + BA8GE43 (x(Ge) 0.84314) + DIAMOND_A4 (x(Ge) 1) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1085.68 | LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.83761) + BA8GE43 (x(Ge) 0.84314) + DIAMOND_A4 (x(Ge) 1) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1085.68 | LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.83761) + BA8GE43 (x(Ge) 0.84314) + DIAMOND_A4 (x(Ge) 1) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1083.93 | BA6GE25 (x(Ge) 0.80645) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.82838) + BA8GE43 (x(Ge) 0.84314) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1083.93 | BA6GE25 (x(Ge) 0.80645) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.82871) + BA8GE43 (x(Ge) 0.84314) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1083.93 | BA6GE25 (x(Ge) 0.80645) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.82856) + BA8GE43 (x(Ge) 0.84314) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 1063.96 | BA6GE25 (x(Ge) 0.80645) + BA8GE43 (x(Ge) 0.84314) + DIAMOND_A4 (x(Ge) 1) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 933.52 | BCC_A2 (x(Ge) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.11631) + BA2GE_C37 (x(Ge) 0.33333) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 933.52 | BCC_A2 (x(Ge) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.11617) + BA2GE_C37 (x(Ge) 0.33333) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 613.06 | BAGE_B33 (x(Ge) 0.5) + BA3GE4_ALPHA (x(Ge) 0.57143) + BA3GE4_BETA (x(Ge) 0.57143) |
| BaGe-19Ben.tdb | 613.06 | BA3GE4_BETA (x(Ge) 0.57143) + BA3GE4_ALPHA (x(Ge) 0.57143) + BAGE2 (x(Ge) 0.66667) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/BA/BA-GE.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/BA/BA-GE.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Ba–Ge system (20)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1323 | peritectic |  | model | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Massalski 1990_ | p. 3; `ORC-DNTZV6OYGL.92ddfc` | “This diagram presents four intermetallic compounds: BaGe melting congruently at 1428 K, while the Ba2Ge, BaGe2 and BaGe4 are formed by peritectic reactions at 1228, 1323 and 1088 K successively.” |
| 1228 | peritectic |  | model | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Massalski 1990_ | p. 3; `ORC-DNTZV6OYGL.8f65c8` | “This diagram presents four intermetallic compounds: BaGe melting congruently at 1428 K, while the Ba2Ge, BaGe2 and BaGe4 are formed by peritectic reactions at 1228, 1323 and 1088 K successively.” |
| 1213 | peritectic |  | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019 | p. 3; `ORC-FY7TE3CJZJ.298030` | “Two new compounds were observed: Ba5Ge3, peritectically formed at 1213 K and dimorphic Ba3Ge4, melting by peritectic reaction at 1188 K and transformed to low temperature form at about 613 K.” |
| 1213 | peritectic: Liq + Ba2Ge -> Ba5Ge3 | Liq: Ge 0.4; Ba2Ge: Ge 0.333; Ba5Ge3: Ge 0.375 | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 7, p. 9, row 6; `ORC-U7BGHSJE3U` |  |
| 1201 | peritectic: Liq + BaGe2 -> Ba3Ge4 | Liq: Ge 0.5611; BaGe2: Ge 0.667; Ba3Ge4: Ge 0.571 | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 7, p. 9, row 16; `ORC-K4MYMX57MV` |  |
| 1199 | eutectic: Liq -> βBa3Ge4 + BaGe | Liq: Ge 0.5569; βBa3Ge4: Ge 0.571; BaGe: Ge 0.5 | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 7, p. 9, row 14; `ORC-BZ5SGU6D2Y` |  |
| 1192.91 | peritectic: Liq + Ba2Ge -> Ba5Ge3 | Liq: Ge 0.4042; Ba2Ge: Ge 0.333; Ba5Ge3: Ge 0.375 | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 7, p. 9, row 7; `ORC-FHFNUSWTFZ` |  |
| 1188 | peritectic: Liq + BaGe2 -> Ba3Ge4 | Liq: Ge 0.569; BaGe2: Ge 0.667; Ba3Ge4: Ge 0.571 | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 7, p. 9, row 15; `ORC-DIJSZOOBJJ` |  |
| 1188 | peritectic |  | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019 | p. 3; `ORC-FY7TE3CJZJ.d23afc` | “Two new compounds were observed: Ba5Ge3, peritectically formed at 1213 K and dimorphic Ba3Ge4, melting by peritectic reaction at 1188 K and transformed to low temperature form at about 613 K.” |
| 1178 | eutectic: Liq -> βBa3Ge4 + BaGe | Liq: Ge 0.56; βBa3Ge4: Ge 0.571; BaGe: Ge 0.5 | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 7, p. 9, row 13; `ORC-RRZ6QFN6R5` |  |
| 1168 | eutectic: Liq -> Ba5Ge3 + BaGe | Liq: Ge 0.427; Ba5Ge3: Ge 0.375; BaGe: Ge 0.5 | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 7, p. 9, row 9; `ORC-NJVNZIL3L6` |  |
| 1167 | eutectic: Liq -> Ba5Ge3 + BaGe | Liq: Ge 0.425; Ba5Ge3: Ge 0.375; BaGe: Ge 0.5 | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 7, p. 9, row 8; `ORC-DU35YVQKNS` |  |
| 1088 | peritectic |  | model | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Massalski 1990_ | p. 3; `ORC-DNTZV6OYGL.514e50` | “This diagram presents four intermetallic compounds: BaGe melting congruently at 1428 K, while the Ba2Ge, BaGe2 and BaGe4 are formed by peritectic reactions at 1228, 1323 and 1088 K successively.” |
| 1088 | peritectic: Liq + BaGe2 -> Ba6Ge25 | Liq: Ge 0.815; BaGe2: Ge 0.667; Ba6Ge25: Ge 0.806 | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Carrillo-Cabrera 2004_ | Table 7, p. 9, row 19; `ORC-Z7G3C2KN7J` |  |
| 1082.78 | peritectic: Liq + BaGe2 -> Ba6Ge25 | Liq: Ge 0.821; BaGe2: Ge 0.667; Ba6Ge25: Ge 0.806 | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 7, p. 9, row 20; `ORC-WRACHZHTYB` |  |
| 1081.63 | eutectic: Liq -> Ba6Ge25 + Ba8Ge43 | Liq: Ge 0.8252; Ba6Ge25: Ge 0.806; Ba8Ge43: Ge 0.843 | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 7, p. 9, row 22; `ORC-A2DJR6I2FH` |  |
| 1081 | eutectic: Liq -> Ba6Ge25 + Ba8Ge43 | Liq: Ge 0.826; Ba6Ge25: Ge 0.806; Ba8Ge43: Ge 0.843 | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Carrillo-Cabrera 2004_ | Table 7, p. 9, row 21; `ORC-4VEHYMEQJH` |  |
| 934.79 | eutectic: Liq -> Ba + Ba2Ge | Liq: Ge 0.115; Ba: Ge 0; Ba2Ge: Ge 0.333 | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 7, p. 9, row 3; `ORC-JYUBNXMAFZ` |  |
| 913 | eutectic: Liq -> Ba + Ba2Ge | Liq: Ge 0.075; Ba: Ge 0; Ba2Ge: Ge 0.333 | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 7, p. 9, row 2; `ORC-5XGJHQLEHE` |  |
| 818 | eutectic: Liq -> Ba + Ba2Ge | Liq: Ge 0.04; Ba: Ge 0; Ba2Ge: Ge 0.333 | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Andrianov 1966_ | Table 7, p. 9, row 1; `ORC-LP4FZLQILO` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Ba–Ge system (13)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Ba2Ge | [Ba2Ge](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ba2Ge.html) | -51.13 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -47.487 (mp-aaaaaupm) | -47.179 (oqmd-1343651) | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 20; `ORC-AD7FKKDWDQ.2cb5ae` |  |
| Ba2Ge |  | -50.129 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 19; `ORC-E4PRNYQU4G.0ba88b` |  |
| Ba5Ge3 |  | -56.88 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 21; `ORC-3FKAOF775C.2d17d3` |  |
| Ba5Ge3 | [Ba5Ge3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ba5Ge3.html) | -56.88 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -48.356 (mp-aaaabfwk) | -48.567 (oqmd-24996) | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 22; `ORC-6L3XPUMAAO.a223b2` |  |
| Ba6Ge25 | [Ba6Ge25](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ba6Ge25.html) | -31.819 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -27.482 (mp-aaabgldt) |  | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 30; `ORC-LA3ZLBCVUE.d6fe91` |  |
| Ba8Ge43 | [Ba8Ge43](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ba8Ge43.html) | -21.198 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -20.97 (mp-aaacqgxf) |  | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 31; `ORC-TKN3H7ZIST.91cea5` |  |
| BaGe |  | -60.314 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 23; `ORC-XXNRUIHWKM.c5e50b` |  |
| BaGe | [BaGe](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/BaGe.html) | -60.062 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -57.527 (mp-aaaaacoo) | -57.177 (oqmd-646985) | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 24; `ORC-KIC7HKFFM3.954d25` |  |
| BaGe2 |  | -54.015 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 28; `ORC-CZAAGGQUO7.52f124` |  |
| BaGe2 | [BaGe2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/BaGe2.html) | -54.015 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -51.162 (mp-aaaaadeh) | -50.892 (oqmd-20095) | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 29; `ORC-QED7ELYR7R.9a7453` |  |
| α- Ba3Ge4 | [Ba3Ge4](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ba3Ge4.html) | -59.09 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -54.983 (mp-aaaaaope) | -54.784 (oqmd-24528) | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 25; `ORC-K5N5YTUW44.3bce1e` |  |
| β- Ba3Ge4 | [Ba3Ge4](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ba3Ge4.html) | -58.599 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -54.983 (mp-aaaaaope) | -54.784 (oqmd-24528) | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 27; `ORC-72LFN7QHIT.701dea` |  |
| β- Ba3Ge4 |  | -58.317 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 26; `ORC-UF4U7QDZNF.fb4051` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (12)

Table: Phase transition, Ba–Ge system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 613 K | 613 | Ba3Ge4 | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019 | p. 3; `ORC-FY7TE3CJZJ.fe167b` | “Two new compounds were observed: Ba5Ge3, peritectically formed at 1213 K and dimorphic Ba3Ge4, melting by peritectic reaction at 1188 K and transformed to low temperature form at about 613 K.” |
| Phase transition | 1253 K | 1253 | congruent melting: Liq -> BaGe; _Liq: Ge 0.5; BaGe: Ge 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 7, p. 9, row 11; `ORC-A6RC3TNR6I` |  |
| Phase transition | 1253 K | 1253 | congruent melting: Liq -> BaGe; _Liq: Ge 0.5; BaGe: Ge 0.5_ | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 7, p. 9, row 12; `ORC-RGXOMOPKE7` |  |
| Phase transition | 1253 K | 1253 | congruent transformation | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019 | p. 3; `ORC-A3F7OBH4FA.60c483` | “Three congruently melting points were determined at 1273 K for Ba2Ge, 1253 K for BaGe and 1378 K for BaGe2.” |
| Phase transition | 1273 K | 1273 | congruent melting: Liq -> Ba2Ge; _Liq: Ge 0.333; Ba2Ge: Ge 0.333_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 7, p. 9, row 4; `ORC-5EXF32IXPC` |  |
| Phase transition | 1273 K | 1273 | congruent transformation | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019 | p. 3; `ORC-A3F7OBH4FA.05f840` | “Three congruently melting points were determined at 1273 K for Ba2Ge, 1253 K for BaGe and 1378 K for BaGe2.” |
| Phase transition | 1273.2 K | 1273.2 | congruent melting: Liq -> Ba2Ge; _Liq: Ge 0.333; Ba2Ge: Ge 0.333_ | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 7, p. 9, row 5; `ORC-YQZTENSMF6` |  |
| Phase transition | 1378 K | 1378 | congruent melting: Liq -> BaGe2; _Liq: Ge 0.667; BaGe2: Ge 0.667_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 7, p. 9, row 17; `ORC-4BLCJL6M5D` |  |
| Phase transition | 1378 K | 1378 | congruent transformation | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019 | p. 3; `ORC-A3F7OBH4FA.2e9df3` | “Three congruently melting points were determined at 1273 K for Ba2Ge, 1253 K for BaGe and 1378 K for BaGe2.” |
| Phase transition | 1378.69 K | 1378.69 | congruent melting: Liq -> BaGe2; _Liq: Ge 0.667; BaGe2: Ge 0.667_ | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 7, p. 9, row 18; `ORC-IOZ35MB44R` |  |
| Phase transition | 1428 K | 1428 | congruent melting: Liq -> BaGe; _Liq: Ge 0.5; BaGe: Ge 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 7, p. 9, row 10; `ORC-HE6NROFXJE` |  |
| Phase transition | 1428 K | 1428 | congruent transformation | model | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Massalski 1990_ | p. 3; `ORC-DNTZV6OYGL.627cdf` | “This diagram presents four intermetallic compounds: BaGe melting congruently at 1428 K, while the Ba2Ge, BaGe2 and BaGe4 are formed by peritectic reactions at 1228, 1323 and 1088 K successively.” |

### Formation (8)

Table: Formation, Ba–Ge system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -1.362 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ba2Ge; _alloy: Ba 0.666667, Ge 0.333333_ | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 20; `ORC-AD7FKKDWDQ.95ee60` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -4.319 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ba5Ge3; _alloy: Ba 0.625, Ge 0.375_ | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 22; `ORC-6L3XPUMAAO.5ffb03` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -0.939 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ba6Ge25; _alloy: Ba 0.193548, Ge 0.806452_ | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 30; `ORC-LA3ZLBCVUE.873a10` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | 3.553 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ba8Ge43; _alloy: Ba 0.156863, Ge 0.843137_ | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 31; `ORC-TKN3H7ZIST.72dabb` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -2.606 J/mol-atom/K |  | BaGe; _alloy: Ba 0.5, Ge 0.5_ | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 24; `ORC-KIC7HKFFM3.a1d326` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -1.626 J/mol-atom/K |  | BaGe2; _alloy: Ba 0.333333, Ge 0.666667_ | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 29; `ORC-QED7ELYR7R.b6ac3d` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -3.8419 J/mol-atom/K |  | α- Ba3Ge4; _alloy: Ba 0.428571, Ge 0.571429_ | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 25; `ORC-K5N5YTUW44.7e1acb` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔfS_ | -3.041 J/mol-atom/K |  | β- Ba3Ge4; _alloy: Ba 0.428571, Ge 0.571429_ | model | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 3, p. 4, row 27; `ORC-72LFN7QHIT.e2217e` |  |

### Crystal structure (66)

Table: Crystal structure, Ba–Ge system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lattice a | 8.429 Å | 0 | Ba2Ge; _Ba2Ge: Ba 0.667, Ge 0.333_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-NKXSDF4Q6J.766e32` |  |
| Lattice a | 8.539 Å | 0 | Ba5Ge3; _Ba5Ge3: Ba 0.625, Ge 0.375_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-PXU6ZYGTYC.829c47` |  |
| Lattice a | 5.07 Å | 0 | BaGe; _BaGe: Ba 0.5, Ge 0.5_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-74F4T2AYW3.b27dcf` |  |
| Lattice a | 9.15 Å | 0 | BaGe2; _BaGe2: Ba 0.333, Ge 0.667_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-3GO6RRZAYD.6baf53` |  |
| Lattice a | 8.55 Å | 0 | β-Ba3Ge4; _β-Ba3Ge4: Ba 0.429, Ge 0.571_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-5QOADD7IMN.72027b` |  |
| Lattice a | 8.621 Å |  | β-Ba3Ge4; _β-Ba3Ge4: Ba 0.429, Ge 0.571_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Zurcher 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/%28sici%291521-3773%2819981217%2937:23<3314::aid-anie3314>3.0.co;2-l) | Table 2, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-HTZFWEJU2V.ce7348` |  |
| Lattice a | 8.38 Å | 298.15 | Ba2Ge; _Ba2Ge: Ba 0.667, Ge 0.333_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Turban 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1973-3-427) | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-2P43SONXCZ.5a8960` |  |
| Lattice a | 8.419 Å | 298.15 | Ba2Ge; _Ba2Ge: Ba 0.667, Ge 0.333_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-TB7XB4E44A.88f5bc` |  |
| Lattice a | 8.519 Å | 298.15 | Ba5Ge3; _Ba5Ge3: Ba 0.625, Ge 0.375_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Nesper 1999_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-GN7PTUQTSW.49fab1` |  |
| Lattice a | 8.538 Å | 298.15 | Ba5Ge3; _Ba5Ge3: Ba 0.625, Ge 0.375_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-XU5D2DWPIU.547e0c` |  |
| Lattice a | 14.5635 Å | 298.15 | Ba6Ge25; _Ba6Ge25: Ba 0.194, Ge 0.806_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Fukuoka 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.2000.8632) | Table 2, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-7FAXSNXF5A.c66cf1` |  |
| Lattice a | 14.56 Å | 298.15 | Ba6Ge25; _Ba6Ge25: Ba 0.194, Ge 0.806_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-ERMS75WMQ4.20d247` |  |
| Lattice a | 14.5564 Å | 298.15 | Ba6Ge25; _Ba6Ge25: Ba 0.194, Ge 0.806_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Carrillo-Cabrera 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2000-0208) | Table 2, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-HEWMM34FX5.f3647d` |  |
| Lattice a | 21.312 Å | 298.15 | Ba8Ge43; _Ba8Ge43: Ba 0.157, Ge 0.843_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Carrillo-Cabrera 2004_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 23; `ORC-LC4D2HN6J6.46035a` |  |
| Lattice a | 21.303 Å | 298.15 | Ba8Ge43; _Ba8Ge43: Ba 0.157, Ge 0.843_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-VKC4OU263U.bad0a5` |  |
| Lattice a | 5.062 Å | 298.15 | BaGe; _BaGe: Ba 0.5, Ge 0.5_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-PECN3AZ3E3.7b5e52` |  |
| Lattice a | 5.057 Å | 298.15 | BaGe; _BaGe: Ba 0.5, Ge 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Rieger 1967_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1107/s0365110x67001793) | Table 2, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-WTJXTMBUPY.42412c` |  |
| Lattice a | 9.05 Å | 298.15 | BaGe2; _BaGe2: Ba 0.333, Ge 0.667_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Evers 1977_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1977-1128) | Table 2, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-CH7PZJ54AN.55bf02` |  |
| Lattice a | 9.076 Å | 298.15 | BaGe2; _BaGe2: Ba 0.333, Ge 0.667_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-DBVMVOO6GH.3869eb` |  |
| Lattice a | 10.727 Å | 298.15 | BaGe5; _BaGe5: Ba 0.167, Ge 0.833_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Aydemir 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/ja104197c) | Table 2, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-QTMPS6DOSJ.c7c94a` |  |
| Lattice a | 11.789 Å | 298.15 | α-Ba3Ge4; _α-Ba3Ge4: Ba 0.429, Ge 0.571_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-34LQRJQO3C.d799bb` |  |
| Lattice a | 11.799 Å | 298.15 | α-Ba3Ge4; _α-Ba3Ge4: Ba 0.429, Ge 0.571_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Zurcher 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/%28sici%291521-3773%2819981217%2937:23<3314::aid-anie3314>3.0.co;2-l) | Table 2, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-V4WCLOT36G.156d3e` |  |
| Lattice b | 5.495 Å | 0 | Ba2Ge; _Ba2Ge: Ba 0.667, Ge 0.333_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-NKXSDF4Q6J.1541f5` |  |
| Lattice b | 8.539 Å | 0 | Ba5Ge3; _Ba5Ge3: Ba 0.625, Ge 0.375_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-PXU6ZYGTYC.cc8a57` |  |
| Lattice b | 11.995 Å | 0 | BaGe; _BaGe: Ba 0.5, Ge 0.5_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-74F4T2AYW3.d1ccca` |  |
| Lattice b | 6.87 Å | 0 | BaGe2; _BaGe2: Ba 0.333, Ge 0.667_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-3GO6RRZAYD.9a4de9` |  |
| Lattice b | 8.55 Å | 0 | β-Ba3Ge4; _β-Ba3Ge4: Ba 0.429, Ge 0.571_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-5QOADD7IMN.ceae58` |  |
| Lattice b | 8.621 Å |  | β-Ba3Ge4; _β-Ba3Ge4: Ba 0.429, Ge 0.571_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Zurcher 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/%28sici%291521-3773%2819981217%2937:23<3314::aid-anie3314>3.0.co;2-l) | Table 2, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-HTZFWEJU2V.532a9b` |  |
| Lattice b | 5.48 Å | 298.15 | Ba2Ge; _Ba2Ge: Ba 0.667, Ge 0.333_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Turban 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1973-3-427) | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-2P43SONXCZ.687995` |  |
| Lattice b | 5.444 Å | 298.15 | Ba2Ge; _Ba2Ge: Ba 0.667, Ge 0.333_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-TB7XB4E44A.002983` |  |
| Lattice b | 8.519 Å | 298.15 | Ba5Ge3; _Ba5Ge3: Ba 0.625, Ge 0.375_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Nesper 1999_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-GN7PTUQTSW.7a9395` |  |
| Lattice b | 8.538 Å | 298.15 | Ba5Ge3; _Ba5Ge3: Ba 0.625, Ge 0.375_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-XU5D2DWPIU.40b725` |  |
| Lattice b | 14.5635 Å | 298.15 | Ba6Ge25; _Ba6Ge25: Ba 0.194, Ge 0.806_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Fukuoka 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.2000.8632) | Table 2, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-7FAXSNXF5A.9e1473` |  |
| Lattice b | 14.56 Å | 298.15 | Ba6Ge25; _Ba6Ge25: Ba 0.194, Ge 0.806_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-ERMS75WMQ4.f00fb2` |  |
| Lattice b | 14.5564 Å | 298.15 | Ba6Ge25; _Ba6Ge25: Ba 0.194, Ge 0.806_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Carrillo-Cabrera 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2000-0208) | Table 2, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-HEWMM34FX5.9b21ce` |  |
| Lattice b | 21.312 Å | 298.15 | Ba8Ge43; _Ba8Ge43: Ba 0.157, Ge 0.843_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Carrillo-Cabrera 2004_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 23; `ORC-LC4D2HN6J6.d84a06` |  |
| Lattice b | 21.303 Å | 298.15 | Ba8Ge43; _Ba8Ge43: Ba 0.157, Ge 0.843_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-VKC4OU263U.bde161` |  |
| Lattice b | 11.954 Å | 298.15 | BaGe; _BaGe: Ba 0.5, Ge 0.5_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-PECN3AZ3E3.6b1c46` |  |
| Lattice b | 11.942 Å | 298.15 | BaGe; _BaGe: Ba 0.5, Ge 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Rieger 1967_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1107/s0365110x67001793) | Table 2, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-WTJXTMBUPY.730be2` |  |
| Lattice b | 6.83 Å | 298.15 | BaGe2; _BaGe2: Ba 0.333, Ge 0.667_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Evers 1977_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1977-1128) | Table 2, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-CH7PZJ54AN.3c7b04` |  |
| Lattice b | 6.812 Å | 298.15 | BaGe2; _BaGe2: Ba 0.333, Ge 0.667_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-DBVMVOO6GH.1b230c` |  |
| Lattice b | 92.844 Å | 298.15 | BaGe5; _BaGe5: Ba 0.167, Ge 0.833_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Aydemir 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/ja104197c) | Table 2, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-QTMPS6DOSJ.5d58d6` |  |
| Lattice b | 12.197 Å | 298.15 | α-Ba3Ge4; _α-Ba3Ge4: Ba 0.429, Ge 0.571_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-34LQRJQO3C.e6830d` |  |
| Lattice b | 12.21 Å | 298.15 | α-Ba3Ge4; _α-Ba3Ge4: Ba 0.429, Ge 0.571_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Zurcher 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/%28sici%291521-3773%2819981217%2937:23<3314::aid-anie3314>3.0.co;2-l) | Table 2, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-V4WCLOT36G.d0a7a5` |  |
| Lattice c | 10.11 Å | 0 | Ba2Ge; _Ba2Ge: Ba 0.667, Ge 0.333_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-NKXSDF4Q6J.11f97e` |  |
| Lattice c | 16.563 Å | 0 | Ba5Ge3; _Ba5Ge3: Ba 0.625, Ge 0.375_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-PXU6ZYGTYC.4a9ba2` |  |
| Lattice c | 4.31 Å | 0 | BaGe; _BaGe: Ba 0.5, Ge 0.5_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-74F4T2AYW3.57a6ce` |  |
| Lattice c | 11.73 Å | 0 | BaGe2; _BaGe2: Ba 0.333, Ge 0.667_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-3GO6RRZAYD.874cc4` |  |
| Lattice c | 12.137 Å | 0 | β-Ba3Ge4; _β-Ba3Ge4: Ba 0.429, Ge 0.571_ | DFT | [1] Benhafid 2019 | Table 2, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-5QOADD7IMN.6ad101` |  |
| Lattice c | 12.031 Å |  | β-Ba3Ge4; _β-Ba3Ge4: Ba 0.429, Ge 0.571_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Zurcher 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/%28sici%291521-3773%2819981217%2937:23<3314::aid-anie3314>3.0.co;2-l) | Table 2, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-HTZFWEJU2V.718f07` |  |
| Lattice c | 10.04 Å | 298.15 | Ba2Ge; _Ba2Ge: Ba 0.667, Ge 0.333_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Turban 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1973-3-427) | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-2P43SONXCZ.13578a` |  |
| Lattice c | 10.068 Å | 298.15 | Ba2Ge; _Ba2Ge: Ba 0.667, Ge 0.333_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-TB7XB4E44A.0e3295` |  |
| Lattice c | 16.554 Å | 298.15 | Ba5Ge3; _Ba5Ge3: Ba 0.625, Ge 0.375_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Nesper 1999_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-GN7PTUQTSW.5c9cfe` |  |
| Lattice c | 16.495 Å | 298.15 | Ba5Ge3; _Ba5Ge3: Ba 0.625, Ge 0.375_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-XU5D2DWPIU.be9a4a` |  |
| Lattice c | 14.563 Å | 298.15 | Ba6Ge25; _Ba6Ge25: Ba 0.194, Ge 0.806_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Fukuoka 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.2000.8632) | Table 2, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-7FAXSNXF5A.f9378c` |  |
| Lattice c | 14.56 Å | 298.15 | Ba6Ge25; _Ba6Ge25: Ba 0.194, Ge 0.806_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-ERMS75WMQ4.c001ab` |  |
| Lattice c | 14.556 Å | 298.15 | Ba6Ge25; _Ba6Ge25: Ba 0.194, Ge 0.806_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Carrillo-Cabrera 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2000-0208) | Table 2, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-HEWMM34FX5.39a394` |  |
| Lattice c | 21.312 Å | 298.15 | Ba8Ge43; _Ba8Ge43: Ba 0.157, Ge 0.843_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Carrillo-Cabrera 2004_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 23; `ORC-LC4D2HN6J6.08de06` |  |
| Lattice c | 21.303 Å | 298.15 | Ba8Ge43; _Ba8Ge43: Ba 0.157, Ge 0.843_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-VKC4OU263U.06ff7b` |  |
| Lattice c | 4.301 Å | 298.15 | BaGe; _BaGe: Ba 0.5, Ge 0.5_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-PECN3AZ3E3.e6d704` |  |
| Lattice c | 4.299 Å | 298.15 | BaGe; _BaGe: Ba 0.5, Ge 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Rieger 1967_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1107/s0365110x67001793) | Table 2, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-WTJXTMBUPY.0dfcad` |  |
| Lattice c | 11.65 Å | 298.15 | BaGe2; _BaGe2: Ba 0.333, Ge 0.667_ | experimental | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Evers 1977_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/znb-1977-1128) | Table 2, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-CH7PZJ54AN.f0abd0` |  |
| Lattice c | 11.642 Å | 298.15 | BaGe2; _BaGe2: Ba 0.333, Ge 0.667_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-DBVMVOO6GH.3095a1` |  |
| Lattice c | 14.794 Å | 298.15 | BaGe5; _BaGe5: Ba 0.167, Ge 0.833_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Aydemir 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/ja104197c) | Table 2, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-QTMPS6DOSJ.de6eb8` |  |
| Lattice c | 12.09 Å | 298.15 | α-Ba3Ge4; _α-Ba3Ge4: Ba 0.429, Ge 0.571_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Pani 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.08.005) | Table 2, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-34LQRJQO3C.5d9fcb` |  |
| Lattice c | 12.097 Å | 298.15 | α-Ba3Ge4; _α-Ba3Ge4: Ba 0.429, Ge 0.571_ | unspecified | [1] Benhafid 2019; _cites Zurcher 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/%28sici%291521-3773%2819981217%2937:23<3314::aid-anie3314>3.0.co;2-l) | Table 2, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-V4WCLOT36G.e26f67` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. R. Benhafid, A. Belgacem Bouzida, Y. Djaballah, A. Candan, A. İyigör, G. Uğur, Thermodynamic Modeling of the Al-Ba and Ba-Ge Systems Supported by First-Principles Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 40, 195-205 (2019). [doi:10.1007/s11669-019-00714-2](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-019-00714-2)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).