# Bi–Ce system

> Bi–Ce system: 56 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 26, formation 20, mixing / partial 5, phase transition 3) and 2 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-CE.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-CE.md

56 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 19, model 36, unspecified 1); 2 calculated phase diagram(s). 11 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/BI-CE.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-CE.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#BI-CE) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#BI-CE/BiCe-12Li.json) · [phases (11)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/BI-CE.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/BI-CE.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-CE.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 19 |
| model | 36 |
| unspecified | 1 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 26 |
| phase transition | 3 |
| formation | 20 |
| mixing / partial | 5 |
| activity / EMF / Gibbs energy | 2 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | J. Li, Y. Cai, Q. Chen, H. Zhang, H.S. Liu, Z.P. Jin, Calphad, 38, 133-39(2012). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2012.05.004](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2012.05.004) | `a261b33b47f12b953e299f768bc804c48f9b28e66d7c2eb6d4212cdfecdd1434` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#BI-CE/BiCe-12Li.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiCe-12Li.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/BiCe-12Li.json) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | Y. Wang, W. Zhou, S. Guo, J. Zhang, J. Nucl. Mater., 495, 181-91(2017). [doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.08.016](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.08.016) | `7b39a0f2a6bf4ab9f62ea2fc41e258ef69c8b61339030b7acdb9dfa90e45a06c` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#BI-CE/BiCe-17Wan.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiCe-17Wan.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/BiCe-17Wan.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 1901.02 | LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.47037) + BICE_B1 (x(Ce) 0.5) + BI3CE4_D73 (x(Ce) 0.57143) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 1901.02 | LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.47066) + BICE_B1 (x(Ce) 0.5) + BI3CE4_D73 (x(Ce) 0.57143) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 1901.02 | LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.47032) + BICE_B1 (x(Ce) 0.5) + BI3CE4_D73 (x(Ce) 0.57143) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 1661.76 | BI3CE4_D73 (x(Ce) 0.57143) + BI3CE5_D88 (x(Ce) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.75798) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 1661.76 | BI3CE4_D73 (x(Ce) 0.57143) + BI3CE5_D88 (x(Ce) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.75786) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 1515.97 | BI3CE5_D88 (x(Ce) 0.625) + BICE2 (x(Ce) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.81052) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 1515.97 | BI3CE5_D88 (x(Ce) 0.625) + BICE2 (x(Ce) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.81046) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 1515.97 | BI3CE5_D88 (x(Ce) 0.625) + BICE2 (x(Ce) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.81062) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 1182.99 | LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.18726) + BI2CE (x(Ce) 0.33333) + BICE_B1 (x(Ce) 0.5) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 1182.99 | LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.18721) + BI2CE (x(Ce) 0.33333) + BICE_B1 (x(Ce) 0.5) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 1182.99 | LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.18738) + BI2CE (x(Ce) 0.33333) + BICE_B1 (x(Ce) 0.5) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 1055.2 | BICE2 (x(Ce) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.97323) + BCC_A2 (x(Ce) 0.98633) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 1055.2 | BICE2 (x(Ce) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.97335) + BCC_A2 (x(Ce) 0.98636) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 975.52 | BICE2 (x(Ce) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ce) 0.99229) + FCC_A1 (x(Ce) 1) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 975.52 | BICE2 (x(Ce) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ce) 0.9923) + FCC_A1 (x(Ce) 1) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 975.52 | BICE2 (x(Ce) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ce) 0.99231) + FCC_A1 (x(Ce) 1) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 544.44 | RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Ce) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 5.200e-4) + BI2CE (x(Ce) 0.33333) |
| BiCe-12Li.tdb | 544.44 | RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Ce) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 5.200e-4) + BI2CE (x(Ce) 0.33333) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 1898.53 | LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.47205) + BICE_B1 (x(Ce) 0.5) + BI3CE4_D73 (x(Ce) 0.57143) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 1898.53 | LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.47231) + BICE_B1 (x(Ce) 0.5) + BI3CE4_D73 (x(Ce) 0.57143) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 1898.53 | LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.47197) + BICE_B1 (x(Ce) 0.5) + BI3CE4_D73 (x(Ce) 0.57143) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 1674.81 | BI3CE4_D73 (x(Ce) 0.57143) + BI3CE5_D88 (x(Ce) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.75337) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 1674.81 | BI3CE4_D73 (x(Ce) 0.57143) + BI3CE5_D88 (x(Ce) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.75336) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 1520.33 | BI3CE5_D88 (x(Ce) 0.625) + BICE2 (x(Ce) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.80751) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 1520.33 | BI3CE5_D88 (x(Ce) 0.625) + BICE2 (x(Ce) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.80752) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 1186.89 | LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.18183) + BI2CE (x(Ce) 0.33333) + BICE_B1 (x(Ce) 0.5) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 1186.89 | LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.18179) + BI2CE (x(Ce) 0.33333) + BICE_B1 (x(Ce) 0.5) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 1186.89 | LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.18187) + BI2CE (x(Ce) 0.33333) + BICE_B1 (x(Ce) 0.5) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 1018.71 | BICE2 (x(Ce) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 0.96593) + BCC_A2 (x(Ce) 0.98727) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 987.7 | BICE2 (x(Ce) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ce) 0.99411) + FCC_A1 (x(Ce) 1) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 987.7 | BICE2 (x(Ce) 0.66667) + BCC_A2 (x(Ce) 0.99416) + FCC_A1 (x(Ce) 1) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 544.53 | RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Ce) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 7.000e-5) + BI2CE (x(Ce) 0.33333) |
| BiCe-17Wan.tdb | 544.53 | RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Ce) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ce) 7.000e-5) + BI2CE (x(Ce) 0.33333) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/BI/BI-CE.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/BI/BI-CE.json) · [CALPHAD hull BiCe-12Li](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/BI/BI-CE--BiCe-12Li.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Bi–Ce system (26)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1903 | peritectic: L + Ce4Bi3 -> CeBi | L: Ce 0.465; Ce4Bi3: Bi 0.428571, Ce 0.571429; CeBi: Bi 0.5, Ce 0.5 | experimental | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Rudolf 1913_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-E43YZZUUSD` |  |
| 1903 | Liquid + Ce4Bi3 = CeBi | Ce4Bi3: Ce 0.571429; CeBi: Ce 0.5 | experimental | [2] Li 2012; _cites Vogel 1913_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19130840125) | Table 3, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-UNPRGPY63A` |  |
| 1901 | Liquid + Ce4Bi3 = CeBi | Liquid: Ce 0.465; Ce4Bi3: Ce 0.571; CeBi: Ce 0.5 | model | [2] Li 2012 | Table 3, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-HR7D3HFIXA` |  |
| 1899 | peritectic: L + Ce4Bi3 -> CeBi | L: Ce 0.4721; Ce4Bi3: Bi 0.428571, Ce 0.571429; CeBi: Bi 0.5, Ce 0.5 | model | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 3, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-IBYNQCCIYS` |  |
| 1674 | peritectic: L + Ce4Bi3 -> Ce5Bi3 | L: Ce 0.7537; Ce4Bi3: Bi 0.428571, Ce 0.571429; Ce5Bi3: Bi 0.375, Ce 0.625 | model | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 3, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-NZCM4BCUON` |  |
| 1670 | Liquid + Ce4Bi3 = Ce5Bi3 | Ce4Bi3: Ce 0.571429; Ce5Bi3: Ce 0.625 | experimental | [2] Li 2012; _cites K Yoshihara 1975_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 10; `ORC-66BCKWBEXH` |  |
| 1670 | peritectic: L + Ce4Bi3 -> Ce5Bi3 | L: Ce 0.78; Ce4Bi3: Bi 0.428571, Ce 0.571429; Ce5Bi3: Bi 0.375, Ce 0.625 | experimental | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Yoshihara 1975_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2875%2990038-7) | Table 3, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-B5GUZRYPDD` |  |
| 1668 | Liquid + Ce4Bi3 = Ce5Bi3 | Liquid: Ce 0.78; Ce4Bi3: Ce 0.571; Ce5Bi3: Ce 0.625 | model | [2] Li 2012 | Table 3, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-QYH6BOCLAR` |  |
| 1521 | peritectic: L + Ce5Bi3 -> Ce2Bi | L: Ce 0.8072; Ce5Bi3: Bi 0.375, Ce 0.625; Ce2Bi: Bi 0.333333, Ce 0.666667 | model | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 3, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-IP6S3YCLZD` |  |
| 1518 | Liquid + Ce5Bi3 = Ce2Bi | Ce5Bi3: Ce 0.625; Ce2Bi: Ce 0.666667 | experimental | [2] Li 2012; _cites K Yoshihara 1975_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 12; `ORC-3TRMLZWEK3` |  |
| 1518 | peritectic: L + Ce5Bi3 -> Ce2Bi | L: Ce 0.818; Ce5Bi3: Bi 0.375, Ce 0.625; Ce2Bi: Bi 0.333333, Ce 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Yoshihara 1975_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2875%2990038-7) | Table 3, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-XN6HGLVLRP` |  |
| 1516 | Liquid + Ce5Bi3 = Ce2Bi | Liquid: Ce 0.818; Ce5Bi3: Ce 0.625; Ce2Bi: Ce 0.67 | model | [2] Li 2012 | Table 3, p. 4, row 11; `ORC-YJ4RHTZQDD` |  |
| 1186 | peritectic: L + CeBi -> CeBi2 | L: Ce 0.1815; CeBi: Bi 0.5, Ce 0.5; CeBi2: Bi 0.666667, Ce 0.333333 | model | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 3, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-GN6G35XUA2` |  |
| 1183 | Liquid + CeBi = CeBi2 | CeBi: Ce 0.5; CeBi2: Ce 0.333333 | experimental | [2] Li 2012; _cites Vogel 1913_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19130840125) | Table 3, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-AENRE4JN2R` |  |
| 1183 | Liquid + CeBi = CeBi2 | Liquid: Ce 0.21; CeBi: Ce 0.5; CeBi2: Ce 0.33 | model | [2] Li 2012 | Table 3, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-EHJS2GJPHB` |  |
| 1183 | peritectic: L + CeBi -> CeBi2 | L: Ce 0.21; CeBi: Bi 0.5, Ce 0.5; CeBi2: Bi 0.666667, Ce 0.333333 | experimental | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Rudolf 1913_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-SIDSMVZGOS` |  |
| 1056 | Liquid = BCC_A2 + Ce2Bi | Liquid: Ce 0.93; BCC_A2: Ce 0.982; Ce2Bi: Ce 0.67 | model | [2] Li 2012 | Table 3, p. 4, row 13; `ORC-XZJD7YCHUZ` |  |
| 1032 | Liquid = BCC_A2 + Ce2Bi | Ce2Bi: Ce 0.666667 | experimental | [2] Li 2012; _cites Borzone 1978_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2878%2990067-x) | Table 3, p. 4, row 14; `ORC-N3VRNZVWHZ` |  |
| 1023 | eutectic: L -> Ce2Bi + BCC_A2 (Ce) | L: Ce 0.93; Ce2Bi: Bi 0.333333, Ce 0.666667 | unspecified | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Gschneidner 1989_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02882364) | Table 3, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-3LMN7JVMSX` |  |
| 1019 | eutectic: L -> Ce2Bi + BCC_A2 (Ce) | L: Ce 0.9659; Ce2Bi: Bi 0.333333, Ce 0.666667 | model | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 3, p. 5, row 12; `ORC-QZX5TWAEQA` |  |
| 999 | BCC_A2 = FCC_A1 + Bi2Ce | Bi2Ce: Ce 0.333333 | experimental | [2] Li 2012; _cites Borzone 1978_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2878%2990067-x) | Table 3, p. 4, row 16; `ORC-STA7DOTGSF` |  |
| 976.4 | BCC_A2 = FCC_A1 + Bi2Ce | BCC_A2: Ce 0.99; FCC_A1: Ce 0.995; Bi2Ce: Ce 0.67 | model | [2] Li 2012 | Table 3, p. 4, row 15; `ORC-M2FYFMN3JK` |  |
| 544.5 | Liquid = CeBi2 + Rhombo_A7 | Liquid: Ce 0.005; CeBi2: Ce 0.33; Rhombo_A7: Ce 0.001 | model | [2] Li 2012 | Table 3, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-IKZCN5BP35` |  |
| 544.5 | eutectic: L -> rhombohedral (Bi) + CeBi2 | L: Ce 7.500e-5; CeBi2: Bi 0.666667, Ce 0.333333 | model | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 3, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-NTOX3T3SXD` |  |
| 544 | Liquid = CeBi2 + Rhombo_A7 | CeBi2: Ce 0.333333; Rhombo_A7: Ce 0 | experimental | [2] Li 2012; _cites Pleasance 1959_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-OQPU4H6FVQ` |  |
| 544 | eutectic: L -> rhombohedral (Bi) + CeBi2 | L: Ce 0; CeBi2: Bi 0.666667, Ce 0.333333 | experimental | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Pleasance 1959_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-RZ6KLONSMB` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Bi–Ce system (15)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Ce2Bi | [BiCe2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/BiCe2.html) | -84 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -52.748 (mp-aaacjhtf) | -67.745 (oqmd-28711) | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Colinet 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2884%2990320-5) | Table 8, p. 6, row 13; `ORC-37QYNVNWGL.423e87` |  |
| Ce2Bi | [BiCe2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/BiCe2.html) | -81.6 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -52.748 (mp-aaacjhtf) | -67.745 (oqmd-28711) | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Borzone 1978_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2878%2990067-x) | Table 8, p. 6, row 14; `ORC-TBUT4TDDGS.00931e` |  |
| Ce2Bi | [BiCe2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/BiCe2.html) | -81.421 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -52.748 (mp-aaacjhtf) | -67.745 (oqmd-28711) | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 8, p. 6, row 15; `ORC-WK3XZ5EHJA.69726b` |  |
| Ce4Bi3 | [Bi3Ce4](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi3Ce4.html) | -101.54 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -67.761 (mp-aaaabiki) | -83.921 (oqmd-18228) | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 8, p. 6, row 9; `ORC-7BBIXGA67V.9ce24e` |  |
| Ce4Bi3 | [Bi3Ce4](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi3Ce4.html) | -101.3 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -67.761 (mp-aaaabiki) | -83.921 (oqmd-18228) | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Borzone 1978_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2878%2990067-x) | Table 8, p. 6, row 8; `ORC-URCD42J6HC.67e42b` |  |
| Ce4Bi3 | [Bi3Ce4](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi3Ce4.html) | -99 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -67.761 (mp-aaaabiki) | -83.921 (oqmd-18228) | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Colinet 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2884%2990320-5) | Table 8, p. 6, row 7; `ORC-43EX2OEKAV.7db9cd` |  |
| Ce5Bi3 | [Bi3Ce5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi3Ce5.html) | -92 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -56.273 (mp-aaacpqwq) | -77.552 (oqmd-28710) | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Colinet 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2884%2990320-5) | Table 8, p. 6, row 10; `ORC-WRTAKMAUKW.79e2a9` |  |
| Ce5Bi3 | [Bi3Ce5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi3Ce5.html) | -91.762 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -56.273 (mp-aaacpqwq) | -77.552 (oqmd-28710) | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 8, p. 6, row 12; `ORC-S2JR46GW3J.213d25` |  |
| Ce5Bi3 | [Bi3Ce5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi3Ce5.html) | -91.7 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -56.273 (mp-aaacpqwq) | -77.552 (oqmd-28710) | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Borzone 1978_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2878%2990067-x) | Table 8, p. 6, row 11; `ORC-ZK3NKCG3OO.8dee39` |  |
| CeBi | [BiCe](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/BiCe.html) | -114.7 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -78.443 (mp-aaaabilp) | -95.287 (oqmd-10917) | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Borzone 1978_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2878%2990067-x) | Table 8, p. 6, row 5; `ORC-VVTHY5FPN7.3c6009` |  |
| CeBi | [BiCe](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/BiCe.html) | -114.32 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -78.443 (mp-aaaabilp) | -95.287 (oqmd-10917) | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 8, p. 6, row 6; `ORC-W3QEECN5RM.28e57c` |  |
| CeBi | [BiCe](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/BiCe.html) | -102 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -78.443 (mp-aaaabilp) | -95.287 (oqmd-10917) | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Colinet 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2884%2990320-5) | Table 8, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-RH2DIHJICV.318462` |  |
| CeBi2 | [Bi2Ce](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi2Ce.html) | -84 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  | -65.432 (oqmd-1927690) | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Colinet 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2884%2990320-5) | Table 8, p. 6, row 1; `ORC-53QOZFQ4VC.503ac5` |  |
| CeBi2 | [Bi2Ce](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi2Ce.html) | -77.578 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  | -65.432 (oqmd-1927690) | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 8, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-O64SEHJNKM.020da1` |  |
| CeBi2 | [Bi2Ce](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi2Ce.html) | -77.5 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental |  | -65.432 (oqmd-1927690) | [1] Wang 2017; _cites Borzone 1978_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2878%2990067-x) | Table 8, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-JDRVVHMRD6.133e1a` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (3)

Table: Phase transition, Bi–Ce system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 2013 K | 2013 | Liquid = Ce4Bi3; _Liquid: Ce 0.571429; Ce4Bi3: Ce 0.571429_ | experimental | [2] Li 2012; _cites Vogel 1913_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19130840125) | Table 3, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-5YCDJ3CGAU` |  |
| Phase transition | 2013 K | 2013 | Liquid = Ce4Bi3; _Liquid: Ce 0.571; Ce4Bi3: Ce 0.571_ | model | [2] Li 2012 | Table 3, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-76PA7LUS26` |  |
| Phase transition | 2013 K | 2013 | congruent transformation | experimental | [1] Wang 2017 | p. 3; `ORC-2SOJTPSC7M.331159` | “Except for Ce4Bi3, which melts congruently at 2013 K, all other four stable compounds are formed through peritectic reactions: L þ CeBi 4 CeBi2 at 1183 K, L þ Ce4Bi3 4 CeBi at 1903 K, L þ Ce4Bi3 4 Ce5Bi3 at 1670 K, and L þ Ce5Bi3 4 Ce2Bi at 1518 K.” |

### Formation (5)

Table: Formation, Bi–Ce system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -6.36 J/mol (basis unstated)/K |  | Ce2Bi; _alloy: Ce 0.667_ | model | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 10, p. 7, row 10; `ORC-NXYZLYGHWX` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -8.88 J/mol (basis unstated)/K |  | Ce4Bi3; _alloy: Ce 0.571_ | model | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 10, p. 7, row 8; `ORC-ST6GWJWJAV` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -8.17 J/mol (basis unstated)/K |  | Ce5Bi3; _alloy: Ce 0.625_ | model | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 10, p. 7, row 9; `ORC-EWVJHQL7XY` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -15.5 J/mol (basis unstated)/K |  | CeBi; _alloy: Ce 0.5_ | model | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 10, p. 7, row 7; `ORC-QWFVNK6G3P` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -6.2 J/mol (basis unstated)/K |  | CeBi2; _alloy: Ce 0.333_ | model | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 10, p. 7, row 6; `ORC-2PFCKSPRBL` |  |

### Mixing / partial (5)

Table: Mixing / partial, Bi–Ce system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gibbs energy of mixing; _printed: Driving force_ | 12.7547 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 773 | Ce2Bi; _alloy: Ce 0.666667_ | model | [2] Li 2012 | Table 6, p. 6, row 1; `ORC-Z2BJS7WTQE` |  |
| Gibbs energy of mixing; _printed: Driving force_ | 28.4546 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 773 | Ce4Bi3; _alloy: Ce 0.571429_ | model | [2] Li 2012 | Table 6, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-2OALGLPX2I` |  |
| Gibbs energy of mixing; _printed: Driving force_ | 20.8938 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 773 | Ce5Bi3; _alloy: Ce 0.625_ | model | [2] Li 2012 | Table 6, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-6JDZ3YDXPW` |  |
| Gibbs energy of mixing; _printed: Driving force_ | 33.6822 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 773 | CeBi; _alloy: Ce 0.5_ | model | [2] Li 2012 | Table 6, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-LKEXL464XT` |  |
| Gibbs energy of mixing; _printed: Driving force_ | 7.12328 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 773 | CeBi2; _alloy: Ce 0.333333_ | model | [2] Li 2012 | Table 6, p. 6, row 5; `ORC-PSNFCMVSKQ` |  |

### Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy (2)

Table: Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy, Bi–Ce system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activity coefficient; _printed: Log(activity coefficient)_ | -10.8 unknown | 873 | liquid | model | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 11, p. 8, row 3; `ORC-TRRSZATTG7` |  |
| Activity coefficient; _printed: Log(activity coefficient)_ | -10.1 unknown | 923 | liquid | model | [1] Wang 2017 | Table 11, p. 8, row 6; `ORC-FTQIWFHMMA` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Yafei Wang, Wentao Zhou, Shaoqiang Guo, Jinsuo Zhang, Thermodynamic properties of fission products (Pr, Ce, Er) in liquid bismuth by thermodynamic assessment, Journal of Nuclear Materials 495, 181-191 (2017). [doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.08.016](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.08.016)
2. Juan Li, Yu Cai, Qiang Chen, Hang Zhang, HuaShan Liu, ZhanPeng Jin, Thermodynamic modeling of Fe–Ce–Bi system and explanation of interfacial reaction in Fe-45at%–Ce/Bi couple, Calphad 38, 133-139 (2012). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2012.05.004](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2012.05.004)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).