# Bi–Gd system

> Bi–Gd system: 48 accepted literature values (formation 19, invariant reaction 17, crystal structure 11, phase transition 1) and 1 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-GD.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-GD.md

48 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 13, model 14, DFT 15, unspecified 6); 1 calculated phase diagram(s). 6 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/BI-GD.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-GD.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#BI-GD) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#BI-GD/BiGd-13Wan.json) · [phases (9)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/BI-GD.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/BI-GD.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-GD.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 13 |
| model | 14 |
| DFT | 15 |
| unspecified | 6 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 17 |
| phase transition | 1 |
| formation | 19 |
| crystal structure | 11 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | J. Wang, C. Li, C. Guo, Z. Du, B. Wu, Calphad, 41, 1-5(2013). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2013.01.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2013.01.003) | `deb2422aa42efa6ff0f9e1b807d14a4a0584f57aa3b54519f61624b34bd5b23a` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#BI-GD/BiGd-13Wan.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiGd-13Wan.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/BiGd-13Wan.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 1852.34 | BIGD_B1 (x(Gd) 0.5) + BI3GD4_D73 (x(Gd) 0.57143) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.62687) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 1852.34 | BIGD_B1 (x(Gd) 0.5) + BI3GD4_D73 (x(Gd) 0.57143) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.62692) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 1852.34 | BIGD_B1 (x(Gd) 0.5) + BI3GD4_D73 (x(Gd) 0.57143) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.62677) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 1751.06 | BI3GD4_D73 (x(Gd) 0.57143) + BI3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.68233) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 1751.06 | BI3GD4_D73 (x(Gd) 0.57143) + BI3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.68238) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 1751.06 | BI3GD4_D73 (x(Gd) 0.57143) + BI3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.6823) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 1508.15 | LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.9325) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 1) + BCC_A2 (x(Gd) 1) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 1508.15 | LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.93234) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 1) + BCC_A2 (x(Gd) 1) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 1347.42 | BI3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.85529) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 1) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 1347.42 | BI3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.85531) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 1) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 1347.42 | BI3GD5 (x(Gd) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.85525) + HCP_A3 (x(Gd) 1) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 1179.06 | LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.1812) + BI2GD (x(Gd) 0.33333) + BIGD_B1 (x(Gd) 0.5) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 1179.06 | LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.1813) + BI2GD (x(Gd) 0.33333) + BIGD_B1 (x(Gd) 0.5) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 540.71 | RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Gd) 0) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.01177) + BI2GD (x(Gd) 0.33333) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 540.71 | RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Gd) 0) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.0117) + BI2GD (x(Gd) 0.33333) |
| BiGd-13Wan.tdb | 540.71 | RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Gd) 0) + LIQUID (x(Gd) 0.01168) + BI2GD (x(Gd) 0.33333) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/BI/BI-GD.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/BI/BI-GD.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Bi–Gd system (17)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2043 | congruent melting: L -> GdBi | L: Bi 0.5; GdBi: Bi 0.5, Gd 0.5 | unspecified | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Abulkhaev 1993_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 7; `ORC-XWWO4X73WG` |  |
| 2042 | congruent melting: L -> GdBi | L: Bi 0.5; GdBi: Bi 0.5, Gd 0.5 | model | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 1, p. 2, row 8; `ORC-TBTJG7UXWF` |  |
| 1853 | peritectic: L + GdBi -> Gd4Bi3 | L: Bi 0.37; GdBi: Bi 0.5, Gd 0.5; Gd4Bi3: Bi 0.428571, Gd 0.571429 | model | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 1, p. 2, row 6; `ORC-IICWPROLOK` |  |
| 1853 | peritectic: L + GdBi -> Gd4Bi3 |  | experimental | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Abulkhaev 1993_ | p. 1; `ORC-N2PIKMNKCY.14c96f` | “The Gd5Bi3, Gd4Bi3 and GdBi phases were formed from the peritectic reactions, Lþ Gd4Bi32Gd5Bi3 at 1753 K, LþGdBi2Gd4Bi3 at 1853 K and LþGdBi2GdBi2 at 1183 K, respectively, whereas the GdBi phase melted congruently at about 2043 K.” |
| 1853 | peritectic: L + GdBi -> Gd4Bi3 | L: Bi 0.36; GdBi: Bi 0.5, Gd 0.5; Gd4Bi3: Bi 0.428571, Gd 0.571429 | unspecified | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Abulkhaev 1993_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 5; `ORC-UQ5HFLUAT3` |  |
| 1753 | peritectic: L + Gd4Bi3 -> Gd5Bi3 | L: Bi 0.32; Gd4Bi3: Bi 0.428571, Gd 0.571429; Gd5Bi3: Bi 0.375, Gd 0.625 | model | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 1, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-6YCPEMTYLT` |  |
| 1753 | peritectic: L + Gd4Bi3 -> Gd5Bi3 | L: Bi 0.325; Gd4Bi3: Bi 0.428571, Gd 0.571429; Gd5Bi3: Bi 0.375, Gd 0.625 | unspecified | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Abulkhaev 1993_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-IMFUDQ7RMD` |  |
| 1753 | peritectic: L + Gd4Bi3 -> Gd5Bi3 |  | experimental | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Abulkhaev 1993_ | p. 1; `ORC-N2PIKMNKCY.a091fd` | “The Gd5Bi3, Gd4Bi3 and GdBi phases were formed from the peritectic reactions, Lþ Gd4Bi32Gd5Bi3 at 1753 K, LþGdBi2Gd4Bi3 at 1853 K and LþGdBi2GdBi2 at 1183 K, respectively, whereas the GdBi phase melted congruently at about 2043 K.” |
| 1353 | eutectic: L -> Hcp_A3 (Gd) + Gd5Bi3 |  | experimental | [1] Wang 2013 | p. 1; `ORC-EHJ4U7GE54.5e3fed` | “There were two eutectic reactions, L2Hcp_A3 (Gd)þGd5Bi3 at 1353 K and L2Rhomb (Bi)þGdBi2 at 542 K.” |
| 1353 | eutectic: L -> Gd5Bi3 + Hcp_A3 (Gd) | L: Bi 0.149; Gd5Bi3: Bi 0.375, Gd 0.625 | unspecified | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Abulkhaev 1993_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-F4ZSXLOPDZ` |  |
| 1353 | eutectic: L -> Gd5Bi3 + Hcp_A3 (Gd) | L: Bi 0.146; Gd5Bi3: Bi 0.375, Gd 0.625 | model | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-VS3RA2AHRN` |  |
| 1183 | peritectic: L + GdBi -> GdBi2 | L: Bi 0.82; GdBi: Bi 0.5, Gd 0.5; GdBi2: Bi 0.666667, Gd 0.333333 | model | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 1, p. 2, row 10; `ORC-ECFM7NUL7O` |  |
| 1183 | peritectic: L + GdBi -> GdBi2 | L: Bi 0.83; GdBi: Bi 0.5, Gd 0.5; GdBi2: Bi 0.666667, Gd 0.333333 | unspecified | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Abulkhaev 1993_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 9; `ORC-GACESAUBNS` |  |
| 1183 | peritectic: L + GdBi -> GdBi2 |  | experimental | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Abulkhaev 1993_ | p. 1; `ORC-N2PIKMNKCY.2ccaa6` | “The Gd5Bi3, Gd4Bi3 and GdBi phases were formed from the peritectic reactions, Lþ Gd4Bi32Gd5Bi3 at 1753 K, LþGdBi2Gd4Bi3 at 1853 K and LþGdBi2GdBi2 at 1183 K, respectively, whereas the GdBi phase melted congruently at about 2043 K.” |
| 542 | eutectic: L -> Rhomb (Bi) + GdBi2 |  | experimental | [1] Wang 2013 | p. 1; `ORC-EHJ4U7GE54.811771` | “There were two eutectic reactions, L2Hcp_A3 (Gd)þGd5Bi3 at 1353 K and L2Rhomb (Bi)þGdBi2 at 542 K.” |
| 542 | eutectic: L -> GdBi2 + Rhomb_A7 (Bi) | L: Bi 0.985; GdBi2: Bi 0.666667, Gd 0.333333 | unspecified | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Abulkhaev 1993_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 11; `ORC-WKEDIDSW4V` |  |
| 541 | eutectic: L -> GdBi2 + Rhomb_A7 (Bi) | L: Bi 0.989; GdBi2: Bi 0.666667, Gd 0.333333 | model | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 1, p. 2, row 12; `ORC-XMFCDMHDMD` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Bi–Gd system (19)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Gd4Bi3 | [Bi3Gd4](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi3Gd4.html) | -92 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental |  | -76.181 (oqmd-28723) | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Borzone 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2880%2980062-1) | Table 5, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-DS66KTOFAF` |  |
| Gd4Bi3 | [Bi3Gd4](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi3Gd4.html) | -81 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | model |  | -76.181 (oqmd-28723) | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Colinet 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2884%2990320-5) | Table 5, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-J44AN6BTIE` |  |
| Gd4Bi3 |  | -78.2101 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 5, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-E3QKWSRJV5` |  |
| Gd5Bi3 | [Bi3Gd5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi3Gd5.html) | -87.4 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental |  | -72.034 (oqmd-10931) | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Borzone 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2880%2980062-1) | Table 5, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-KVOQTFHOCH` |  |
| Gd5Bi3 | [Bi3Gd5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi3Gd5.html) | -76 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | model |  | -72.034 (oqmd-10931) | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Colinet 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2884%2990320-5) | Table 5, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-7FMQMKKLCG` |  |
| Gd5Bi3 |  | -74.2502 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 5, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-7BXRUWLMOM` |  |
| GdBi | [BiGd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/BiGd.html) | -96.7 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -87.324 (mp-aaabiyzx) | -88.653 (oqmd-1926131) | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Borzone 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2880%2980062-1) | Table 5, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-5WC43YXLLM` |  |
| GdBi |  | -90.4625 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 5, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-VCZL7QR35E` |  |
| GdBi | [BiGd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/BiGd.html) | -83 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | model | -87.324 (mp-aaabiyzx) | -88.653 (oqmd-1926131) | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Colinet 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2884%2990320-5) | Table 5, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-EIHKMFYHQU` |  |
| GdBi2(EuBi2) | [Bi2Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi2Gd.html) | -67 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | model |  | -55.782 (oqmd-1800951) | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Colinet 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2884%2990320-5) | Table 5, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-FLG6ZCXCHF` |  |
| GdBi2(EuBi2) |  | -54.0316 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 5, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-ZUKTOK7XUO` |  |
| GdBi2(EuSb2) | [Bi2Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi2Gd.html) | -67 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | model |  | -55.782 (oqmd-1800951) | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Colinet 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2884%2990320-5) | Table 5, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-D4BESBOTIC` |  |
| GdBi2(EuSb2) |  | -56.8759 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 5, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-2UKA4LR3YO` |  |
| GdBi2(GdSb2-1) | [Bi2Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi2Gd.html) | -67 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | model |  | -55.782 (oqmd-1800951) | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Colinet 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2884%2990320-5) | Table 5, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-UKHN2CTBL6.498e04` |  |
| GdBi2(GdSb2-2) | [Bi2Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi2Gd.html) | -67 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | model |  | -55.782 (oqmd-1800951) | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Colinet 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2884%2990320-5) | Table 5, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-5CI5YQMQ3S.580189` |  |
| GdBi2(GdSb2-2) |  | -53.812 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 5, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-4EHJXU6CDX.39905e` |  |
| GdBi2(GdSb2–1) |  | -21.5319 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 5, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-Y7UJRZEU5U.732740` |  |
| GdBi2(YbSb2) | [Bi2Gd](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Bi2Gd.html) | -67 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | model |  | -55.782 (oqmd-1800951) | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Colinet 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2884%2990320-5) | Table 5, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-NUYH2AMKI3` |  |
| GdBi2(YbSb2) |  | -56.8396 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 5, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-SYJBYZY7PN` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (1)

Table: Phase transition, Bi–Gd system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 2043 K | 2043 | congruent melting | experimental | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Abulkhaev 1993_ | p. 1; `ORC-N2PIKMNKCY.0a43c7` | “The Gd5Bi3, Gd4Bi3 and GdBi phases were formed from the peritectic reactions, Lþ Gd4Bi32Gd5Bi3 at 1753 K, LþGdBi2Gd4Bi3 at 1853 K and LþGdBi2GdBi2 at 1183 K, respectively, whereas the GdBi phase melted congruently at about 2043 K.” |

### Crystal structure (11)

Table: Crystal structure, Bi–Gd system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lattice a | 9.4418 Å | 0 | Gd4Bi3; _alloy: Gd 0.571429_ | DFT | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 3, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-YKVXITTO2D.8f59bd` |  |
| Lattice a | 9.252 Å | 0 | Gd5Bi3; _alloy: Gd 0.625_ | DFT | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 3, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-NVLIMNYKWE.943396` |  |
| Lattice a | 6.3562 Å | 0 | GdBi; _alloy: Gd 0.5_ | DFT | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 3, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-SUHYUTQMJW.8932f9` |  |
| Lattice a | 9.3853 Å | 298.15 | Gd4Bi3; _alloy: Gd 0.571429_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Yoshihara 1975_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2875%2990038-7) | Table 3, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-P24Q57CUWP.408f25` |  |
| Lattice a | 9.182 Å | 298.15 | Gd5Bi3; _alloy: Gd 0.625_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Hohnke 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2869%2990146-5) | Table 3, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-7FBGIVBULY.2d49d5` |  |
| Lattice a | 6.3108 Å | 298.15 | GdBi; _alloy: Gd 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Yoshihara 1975_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2875%2990038-7) | Table 3, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-4ZNIK2I3KL.0a2a10` |  |
| Lattice c | 6.412 Å | 0 | Gd5Bi3; _alloy: Gd 0.625_ | DFT | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 3, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-NVLIMNYKWE.85de31` |  |
| Lattice c | 6.426 Å | 298.15 | Gd5Bi3; _alloy: Gd 0.625_ | experimental | [1] Wang 2013; _cites Hohnke 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2869%2990146-5) | Table 3, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-7FBGIVBULY.1e5d97` |  |
| Molar volume; _printed: V0_ | 420.857 Å3 | 0 | Gd4Bi3; _alloy: Gd 0.571429_ | DFT | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 4, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-J2A53LNTHS` |  |
| Molar volume; _printed: V0_ | 475.316 Å3 | 0 | Gd5Bi3; _alloy: Gd 0.625_ | DFT | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 4, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-UY5SGNXUHY` |  |
| Molar volume; _printed: V0_ | 64.199 Å3 | 0 | GdBi; _alloy: Gd 0.5_ | DFT | [1] Wang 2013 | Table 4, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-763ZQIQ6QS` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Jinsan Wang, Changrong Li, Cuiping Guo, Zhenmin Du, Bo Wu, Thermodynamic assessment of the Gd–Bi and the Ho–Bi systems, Calphad 41, 1-5 (2013). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2013.01.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2013.01.003)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).