Bi–K system

83 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 38, model 39, unspecified 6); 3 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (10) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	38
model	39
unspecified	6

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	32
phase transition	1
formation	50

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB file	Assessment	SHA-256	Links
BiK-12Niu.tdb	C. Niu, C. Li, Z. Du, C. Guo, M. Liu, Thermochim. Acta, 528, 9-14(2012). doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.10.032	`3ce72b86413e842a4b31807019480e25cd7d65498e3056723646ddd7b0657bb0`	viewer · TDB · JSON
BiK-15Gie.tdb	W. Gierlotka, Thermochim. Acta, 604, 137-39(2015). doi:10.1016/j.tca.2014.12.006	`530ca2f96b764f0e938e0492dc7d217c044b6464c564309468b1a3eca67e5471`	viewer · TDB · JSON
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	P.-Y. Chevalier, unpublished work, 1980.	`e6d765540ed2fd20d6c43b22ade8397fd6c663863ea559f805a1fc83a68e529f`	viewer · TDB · JSON

Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB file	T (K)	Phases at the invariant
BiK-12Niu.tdb	715.05	BI2K3 (x(K) 0.6) + LIQUID (x(K) 0.60165) + BIK3_D03 (x(K) 0.75)
BiK-12Niu.tdb	654.07	LIQUID (x(K) 0.52549) + BI4K5 (x(K) 0.55556) + BI2K3 (x(K) 0.6)
BiK-12Niu.tdb	626.92	BI2K_C15 (x(K) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(K) 0.49914) + BI4K5 (x(K) 0.55556)
BiK-12Niu.tdb	553	BIK3_D021 (x(K) 0.75) + BIK3_D03 (x(K) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(K) 0.99856)
BiK-12Niu.tdb	553	BI2K3 (x(K) 0.6) + BIK3_D021 (x(K) 0.75) + BIK3_D03 (x(K) 0.75)
BiK-12Niu.tdb	538.41	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(K) 0) + LIQUID (x(K) 0.02594) + BI2K_C15 (x(K) 0.33333)
BiK-12Niu.tdb	336.53	BIK3_D021 (x(K) 0.75) + BCC_A2 (x(K) 1) + LIQUID (x(K) 1)
BiK-15Gie.tdb	709.42	LIQUID (x(K) 0.59659) + BI2K3 (x(K) 0.6) + BIK3_D03 (x(K) 0.75)
BiK-15Gie.tdb	656.4	LIQUID (x(K) 0.53702) + BI4K5 (x(K) 0.55556) + BI2K3 (x(K) 0.6)
BiK-15Gie.tdb	636.51	BI2K_C15 (x(K) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(K) 0.50898) + BI4K5 (x(K) 0.55556)
BiK-15Gie.tdb	553	BIK3_D021 (x(K) 0.75) + BIK3_D03 (x(K) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(K) 0.99987)
BiK-15Gie.tdb	553	BI2K3 (x(K) 0.6) + BIK3_D021 (x(K) 0.75) + BIK3_D03 (x(K) 0.75)
BiK-15Gie.tdb	541.19	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(K) 0) + LIQUID (x(K) 0.02841) + BI2K_C15 (x(K) 0.33333)
BiK-15Gie.tdb	336.53	BIK3_D021 (x(K) 0.75) + BCC_A2 (x(K) 1) + LIQUID (x(K) 1)
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	713.08	LIQUID (x(K) 0.5896) + BI2K3 (x(K) 0.6) + BIK3_D03 (x(K) 0.75)
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	713.08	LIQUID (x(K) 0.58949) + BI2K3 (x(K) 0.6) + BIK3_D03 (x(K) 0.75)
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	713.08	LIQUID (x(K) 0.58938) + BI2K3 (x(K) 0.6) + BIK3_D03 (x(K) 0.75)
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	652.26	LIQUID (x(K) 0.52504) + BI4K5 (x(K) 0.55556) + BI2K3 (x(K) 0.6)
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	652.26	LIQUID (x(K) 0.52514) + BI4K5 (x(K) 0.55556) + BI2K3 (x(K) 0.6)
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	652.26	LIQUID (x(K) 0.5249) + BI4K5 (x(K) 0.55556) + BI2K3 (x(K) 0.6)
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	624.95	BI2K_C15 (x(K) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(K) 0.49535) + BI4K5 (x(K) 0.55556)
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	624.95	BI2K_C15 (x(K) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(K) 0.49541) + BI4K5 (x(K) 0.55556)
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	624.95	BI2K_C15 (x(K) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(K) 0.49515) + BI4K5 (x(K) 0.55556)
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	555.33	BI2K3 (x(K) 0.6) + BIK3_D021 (x(K) 0.75) + BIK3_D03 (x(K) 0.75)
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	555.33	BIK3_D021 (x(K) 0.75) + BIK3_D03 (x(K) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(K) 0.9447)
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	538.2	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(K) 0) + LIQUID (x(K) 0.02582) + BI2K_C15 (x(K) 0.33333)
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	538.2	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(K) 0) + LIQUID (x(K) 0.02569) + BI2K_C15 (x(K) 0.33333)
BiK-80Che-LB.tdb	336.32	BIK3_D021 (x(K) 0.75) + LIQUID (x(K) 0.99949) + BCC_A2 (x(K) 1)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull BiK-12Niu · CALPHAD hull BiK-80Che-LB

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Bi–K system (32)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
988	congruent melting: L -> β-BiK3	L: K 0.75; β-BiK3: K 0.75	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 2, p. 2, row 29 report
988	congruent melting: L -> β-BiK3	L: K 0.75; β-BiK3: K 0.75	model	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1991 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 28 report
944	congruent melting: L -> β-BiK3	L: K 0.75; β-BiK3: K 0.75	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Gnutzmann 1961 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 27 report
838	congruent melting: L -> Bi2K	L: K 0.333; Bi2K: K 0.333	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Gnutzmann 1961 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 21 report
838	congruent melting: L -> Bi2K	L: K 0.333; Bi2K: K 0.333	model	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1991 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 23 report
838	congruent melting: L -> Bi2K	L: K 0.333; Bi2K: K 0.333	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1988 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 22 report
838	congruent melting: L -> Bi2K	L: K 0.333; Bi2K: K 0.333	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 2, p. 2, row 24 report
718	congruent melting: L -> Bi2K3	L: K 0.6; Bi2K3: K 0.6	model	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1991 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 25 report
715.1	eutectic: L -> Bi2K3 + β-BiK3	L: K 0.602; Bi2K3: K 0.6; β-BiK3: K 0.75	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 2, p. 2, row 4 report
715.1	congruent melting: L -> Bi2K3	L: K 0.6; Bi2K3: K 0.6	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 2, p. 2, row 26 report
715	eutectic: L -> Bi2K3 + β-BiK3	Bi2K3: K 0.6; β-BiK3: K 0.75	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1988 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 2 report
715	eutectic: L -> Bi2K3 + β-BiK3	L: K 0.605; Bi2K3: K 0.6; β-BiK3: K 0.75	model	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1991 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 3 report
715	eutectic: L -> Bi2K3 + β-BiK3	Bi2K3: K 0.6; β-BiK3: K 0.75	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Gnutzmann 1961 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 1 report
654.1	peritectic: L + Bi2K3 -> Bi4K5	L: K 0.525; Bi2K3: K 0.6; Bi4K5: K 0.556	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 2, p. 2, row 8 report
654	peritectic: L + Bi2K3 -> Bi4K5	Bi2K3: K 0.6; Bi4K5: K 0.556	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1988 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 6 report
654	peritectic: L + Bi2K3 -> Bi4K5	Bi2K3: K 0.6; Bi4K5: K 0.556	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Gnutzmann 1961 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 5 report
654	peritectic: L + Bi2K3 -> Bi4K5	L: K 0.535; Bi2K3: K 0.6; Bi4K5: K 0.556	model	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1991 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 7 report
628	eutectic: L -> Bi2K + Bi4K5	L: K 0.5; Bi2K: K 0.333; Bi4K5: K 0.556	model	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1991 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 11 report
627	eutectic: L -> Bi2K + Bi4K5	Bi2K: K 0.333; Bi4K5: K 0.556	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Gnutzmann 1961 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 9 report
627	eutectic: L -> Bi2K + Bi4K5	Bi2K: K 0.333; Bi4K5: K 0.556	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1988 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 10 report
626.9	eutectic: L -> Bi2K + Bi4K5	L: K 0.499; Bi2K: K 0.333; Bi4K5: K 0.556	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 2, p. 2, row 12 report
553	polymorphic: β-BiK3 -> α-BiK3	β-BiK3: K 0.75; α-BiK3: K 0.75	model	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1991 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 31 report
553	polymorphic: β-BiK3 -> α-BiK3	β-BiK3: K 0.75; α-BiK3: K 0.75	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 2, p. 2, row 32 report
553	polymorphic: β-BiK3 -> α-BiK3	β-BiK3: K 0.75; α-BiK3: K 0.75	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Gnutzmann 1961 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 30 report
538.4	eutectic: L -> Rhom + Bi2K	L: K 0.026; Rhom: K 0; Bi2K: K 0.333	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 2, p. 2, row 16 report
538	eutectic: L -> Rhom + Bi2K	Bi2K: K 0.333	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Gnutzmann 1961 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 13 report
538	eutectic: L -> Rhom + Bi2K	L: K 0.025; Rhom: K 0; Bi2K: K 0.333	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1988 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 14 report
538	eutectic: L -> Rhom + Bi2K	L: K 0.025; Rhom: K 0; Bi2K: K 0.333	model	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1991 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 15 report
336.71	eutectic: L -> α-BiK3 + BCC_A2	L: K 1; α-BiK3: K 0.75; BCC_A2: K 1	model	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1991 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 19 report
336.5	eutectic: L -> α-BiK3 + BCC_A2	L: K 1; α-BiK3: K 0.75; BCC_A2: K 1	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 2, p. 2, row 20 report
336	eutectic: L -> α-BiK3 + BCC_A2	α-BiK3: K 0.75	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Gnutzmann 1961 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 17 report
336	eutectic: L -> α-BiK3 + BCC_A2	α-BiK3: K 0.75	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1988 doi	Table 2, p. 2, row 18 report

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, Bi–K system (16)
Phase	Compound	Value	T (K)	Class	MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	Source	Location
Bi2K	Bi2K	-42.5 kJ/mol-atom	838	model	-32.149 (mp-aaaabilj)	-30.659 (oqmd-647551)	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 6 report
Bi2K	Bi2K	-41 kJ/mol-atom ± 4.2	838	unspecified	-32.149 (mp-aaaabilj)	-30.659 (oqmd-647551)	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 4 report
Bi2K	Bi2K	-40.8 kJ/mol-atom	838	experimental	-32.149 (mp-aaaabilj)	-30.659 (oqmd-647551)	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1988 doi	Table 3, p. 4, row 5 report
Bi2K	Bi2K	-34.2 kJ/mol-atom	523	model	-32.149 (mp-aaaabilj)	-30.659 (oqmd-647551)	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 3 report
Bi2K	Bi2K	-28.7 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.2	523	experimental	-32.149 (mp-aaaabilj)	-30.659 (oqmd-647551)	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 1 report
Bi2K3	Bi2K3	-43.2 kJ/mol-atom	523	model	-31.875 (mp-aaacqqwr)	-33.986 (oqmd-1435539)	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 14 report
Bi2K3	Bi2K3	-39.5 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.2	523	experimental	-31.875 (mp-aaacqqwr)	-33.986 (oqmd-1435539)	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 12 report
Bi4K5	Bi4K5	-50.2 kJ/mol-atom ± 12.6	627	unspecified	-33.867 (mp-aaacrqif)	-36.015 (oqmd-1339793)	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 10 report
Bi4K5	Bi4K5	-48.4 kJ/mol-atom	627	model	-33.867 (mp-aaacrqif)	-36.015 (oqmd-1339793)	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 11 report
Bi4K5	Bi4K5	-42.1 kJ/mol-atom	523	model	-33.867 (mp-aaacrqif)	-36.015 (oqmd-1339793)	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 9 report
Bi4K5	Bi4K5	-38.1 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.2	523	experimental	-33.867 (mp-aaacrqif)	-36.015 (oqmd-1339793)	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 7 report
BiK3	BiK3	-51.3 kJ/mol-atom	848	model	-35.228 (mp-aaaabuhi)	-37.486 (oqmd-24983)	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 19 report
BiK3	BiK3	-49.2 kJ/mol-atom	848	experimental	-35.228 (mp-aaaabuhi)	-37.486 (oqmd-24983)	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1988 doi	Table 3, p. 4, row 18 report
BiK3	BiK3	-46.7 kJ/mol-atom	523	model	-35.228 (mp-aaaabuhi)	-37.486 (oqmd-24983)	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 17 report
BiK3	BiK3	-45.1 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.1	523	experimental	-35.228 (mp-aaaabuhi)	-37.486 (oqmd-24983)	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 15 report
BiK3	BiK3	45.1 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.1	523	experimental	-35.228 (mp-aaaabuhi)	-37.486 (oqmd-24983)	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 15 report

Other properties

Phase transition (1)

Phase transition, Bi–K system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Phase transition	553.15 K	553.15	polymorphic	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Smith 1908	p. 1 report	Both Smith [7] and Gnutzmann and Klemm [8] found that the BiK3 compound undergoes a polymorphic transformation at 280 ± 5 ◦ C.

Formation (34)

Formation, Bi–K system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-2.9 J/mol-atom/K	523	Bi2K alloy: K 0.333333	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 3 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-3.4 J/mol-atom/K ± 6.3	523	Bi2K alloy: K 0.333333	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 1 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-8.4 J/mol-atom/K ± 4.6	523	Bi2K3 alloy: K 0.6	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 12 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-6.52 J/mol-atom/K	523	Bi2K3 alloy: K 0.6	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 14 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-8.4 J/mol-atom/K ± 5	523	Bi4K5 alloy: K 0.555556	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 7 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-6.1 J/mol-atom/K	523	Bi4K5 alloy: K 0.555556	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 9 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-19.7 J/mol-atom/K ± 3.8	523	BiK3 alloy: K 0.75	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 15 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-12 J/mol-atom/K	523	BiK3 alloy: K 0.75	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 17 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-23.4 J/mol-atom/K ± 6.3	627	Bi4K5 alloy: K 0.555556	unspecified	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 10 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-19.2 J/mol-atom/K	627	Bi4K5 alloy: K 0.555556	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 11 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-17.2 J/mol-atom/K ± 4.2	838	Bi2K alloy: K 0.333333	unspecified	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 4 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-19 J/mol-atom/K	838	Bi2K alloy: K 0.333333	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 6 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-16.9 J/mol-atom/K	838	Bi2K alloy: K 0.333333	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1988 doi	Table 3, p. 4, row 5 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-22.4 J/mol-atom/K	848	BiK3 alloy: K 0.75	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 19 report
Entropy of formation printed: ΔfS	-19.9 J/mol-atom/K	848	BiK3 alloy: K 0.75	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1988 doi	Table 3, p. 4, row 18 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-32.7 kJ/mol-atom	523	Bi2K alloy: K 0.333333	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 3 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-26.5 kJ/mol-atom ± 1.3	523	Bi2K alloy: K 0.333333	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Hultgren 1973	Table 3, p. 4, row 2 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-27 kJ/mol-atom ± 5.5	523	Bi2K alloy: K 0.333333	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 1 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-34 kJ/mol-atom ± 1.3	523	Bi2K3 alloy: K 0.6	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Hultgren 1973	Table 3, p. 4, row 13 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-35.2 kJ/mol-atom ± 4.6	523	Bi2K3 alloy: K 0.6	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 12 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-39.8 kJ/mol-atom	523	Bi2K3 alloy: K 0.6	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 14 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-33.1 kJ/mol-atom ± 1.3	523	Bi4K5 alloy: K 0.555556	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Hultgren 1973	Table 3, p. 4, row 8 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-33.7 kJ/mol-atom ± 4.8	523	Bi4K5 alloy: K 0.555556	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 7 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-38.9 kJ/mol-atom	523	Bi4K5 alloy: K 0.555556	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 9 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-33.9 kJ/mol-atom ± 1.3	523	BiK3 alloy: K 0.75	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Hultgren 1973	Table 3, p. 4, row 16 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-34.8 kJ/mol-atom ± 4.1	523	BiK3 alloy: K 0.75	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 15 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-40.4 kJ/mol-atom	523	BiK3 alloy: K 0.75	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 17 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-35.5 kJ/mol-atom ± 16.5	627	Bi4K5 alloy: K 0.555556	unspecified	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 10 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-36.4 kJ/mol-atom	627	Bi4K5 alloy: K 0.555556	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 11 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-26.6 kJ/mol-atom ± 7.7	838	Bi2K alloy: K 0.333333	unspecified	[1] Niu 2012 cites Voronin 1971	Table 3, p. 4, row 4 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-26.6 kJ/mol-atom	838	Bi2K alloy: K 0.333333	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 6 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-26.6 kJ/mol-atom	838	Bi2K alloy: K 0.333333	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1988 doi	Table 3, p. 4, row 5 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-32.3 kJ/mol-atom	848	BiK3 alloy: K 0.75	model	[1] Niu 2012	Table 3, p. 4, row 19 report
Gibbs energy of formation printed: ΔfG	-32.4 kJ/mol-atom	848	BiK3 alloy: K 0.75	experimental	[1] Niu 2012 cites Petric 1988 doi	Table 3, p. 4, row 18 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

Chunju Niu, Changrong Li, Zhenmin Du, Cuiping Guo, Miao Liu, Thermodynamic assessment of the Bi–K binary system, Thermochimica Acta 528, 9-14 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.10.032

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735859
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}