# Bi–Mg system

> Bi–Mg system: 51 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 32, formation 12, heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy 4, phase transition 3) and 3 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-MG.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-MG.md

51 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 23, model 25, DFT 3); 3 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/BI-MG.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-MG.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#BI-MG) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#BI-MG/BiMg-12Niu.json) · [phases (8)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/BI-MG.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/BI-MG.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-MG.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 23 |
| model | 25 |
| DFT | 3 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 32 |
| phase transition | 3 |
| formation | 12 |
| heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy | 4 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| BiMg-12Niu.tdb | C. Niu, C. Li, Z. Du, C. Guo, Y. Jing, Acta Metall. Sin. Engl. Lett., 25, 19-28(2012). [doi:10.11890/1006-7191-121-19](https://doi.org/10.11890/1006-7191-121-19) | `d223b00da80d68527f612fe425996b577e238ec548c636ecfe21cf7d11f3a630` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#BI-MG/BiMg-12Niu.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiMg-12Niu.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/BiMg-12Niu.json) |
| BiMg-14Zha.tdb | F. Zhang, Y. Tang, B. Hu, S. Liu, Y. Du, Y. Zhang, J. Mining Metall. B, 50, 115-26(2014). [doi:10.2298/JMMB130824017Z](https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB130824017Z) | `12f2cd6991a98668a723986663bb9377a65a189df5f74aca57412bdeb8b95440` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#BI-MG/BiMg-14Zha.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiMg-14Zha.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/BiMg-14Zha.json) |
| BiMg-92Oh-LB.tdb | C.-S. Oh, S.-Y. Kang, D.N. Lee, Calphad, 16, 181-91(1992). [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(92)90006-J](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2892%2990006-J) | `cd58680284ba39f06b4f55b6d91c10acd23a3c7b1b3139305a70e8c7639e1608` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#BI-MG/BiMg-92Oh-LB.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/BiMg-92Oh-LB.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/BiMg-92Oh-LB.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| BiMg-12Niu.tdb | 976.15 | LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.54099) + BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.60002) + BI2MG3_BETA (x(Mg) 0.60017) |
| BiMg-12Niu.tdb | 961.07 | BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.60546) + BI2MG3_BETA (x(Mg) 0.61164) + LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.67966) |
| BiMg-12Niu.tdb | 824.95 | BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.6506) + LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.87611) + HCP_A3 (x(Mg) 0.98909) |
| BiMg-12Niu.tdb | 536.39 | RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Mg) 0) + LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.03319) + BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.6) |
| BiMg-14Zha.tdb | 971.37 | LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.5516) + BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.60004) + BI2MG3_BETA (x(Mg) 0.60013) |
| BiMg-14Zha.tdb | 961.64 | BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.60932) + BI2MG3_BETA (x(Mg) 0.61185) + LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.67951) |
| BiMg-14Zha.tdb | 823.29 | BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.65465) + LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.8717) + HCP_A3 (x(Mg) 0.98935) |
| BiMg-14Zha.tdb | 532.87 | RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Mg) 0) + LIQUID (x(Mg) 0.04196) + BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.6) |
| BiMg-92Oh-LB.tdb | 976.72 | ION (x(Mg) 0.52783) + BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.60002) + BI2MG3_BETA (x(Mg) 0.60004) |
| BiMg-92Oh-LB.tdb | 960.97 | BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.60963) + BI2MG3_BETA (x(Mg) 0.61257) + ION (x(Mg) 0.68513) |
| BiMg-92Oh-LB.tdb | 827.07 | BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.65014) + ION (x(Mg) 0.87208) + HCP_A3 (x(Mg) 0.98916) |
| BiMg-92Oh-LB.tdb | 542.29 | RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Mg) 0) + ION (x(Mg) 0.01595) + BI2MG3_D52 (x(Mg) 0.6) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/BI/BI-MG.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/BI/BI-MG.json) · [CALPHAD hull BiMg-12Niu](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/BI/BI-MG--BiMg-12Niu.json) · [CALPHAD hull BiMg-92Oh-LB](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/BI/BI-MG--BiMg-92Oh-LB.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Bi–Mg system (32)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1098 | congruent melting: L->β-Bi2Mg3 | L: Bi 0.4; β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Paliwal 2009_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 31; `ORC-K3OTDB4HQD` |  |
| 1096 | congruent melting: L->β-Bi2Mg3 | L: Bi 0.4; β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 28; `ORC-7FCR7VTJU3` |  |
| 1094 | congruent melting: L->β-Bi2Mg3 | L: Bi 0.4; β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Wobst 1962_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 29; `ORC-33JFTBFP2P` |  |
| 1094 | congruent melting: L->β-Bi2Mg3 | L: Bi 0.4; β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Nayeb-Hashemi 1985_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 30; `ORC-46HT67EKCH` |  |
| 1094 | congruent melting: L->β-Bi2Mg3 | L: Bi 0.4; β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012 | Table 2, p. 7, row 32; `ORC-U5ZVPSO54C` |  |
| 988 | congruent melting: L->β-Bi2Mg3 | L: Bi 0.4; β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Grube 1906_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 27; `ORC-Y7JBFIXBDF` |  |
| 976 | polymorphic: β-Bi2Mg3->α-Bi2Mg3 | β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Wobst 1962_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 15; `ORC-K7OIA5V5DP` |  |
| 976 | polymorphic: β-Bi2Mg3->α-Bi2Mg3 | β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Nayeb-Hashemi 1985_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 16; `ORC-YRL7CN6UFP` |  |
| 976 | polymorphic: β-Bi2Mg3->α-Bi2Mg3 | β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012 | Table 2, p. 7, row 18; `ORC-Z6NRXKUJB5` |  |
| 974 | polymorphic: β-Bi2Mg3->α-Bi2Mg3 | β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Paliwal 2009_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 17; `ORC-RJXS3XIKAM` |  |
| 973 | congruent melting: L->β-Bi2Mg3 | L: Bi 0.4; β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Stepanow 1905_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 26; `ORC-5FMSD3MQDJ` |  |
| 973 | polymorphic: β-Bi2Mg3->α-Bi2Mg3 | β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 14; `ORC-HQVFRZCUVC` |  |
| 961 | peritectic: β-Bi2Mg3->L+α-Bi2M3 | β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.387; L: Bi 0.315; α-Bi2M3: Bi 0.393 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Wobst 1962_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 10; `ORC-HEF2U5KIAG` |  |
| 961 | peritectic: β-Bi2Mg3->L+α-Bi2M3 | β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.387; L: Bi 0.315; α-Bi2M3: Bi 0.393 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Nayeb-Hashemi 1985_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 11; `ORC-OV2RM4VZ5Y` |  |
| 961 | peritectic: β-Bi2Mg3->L+α-Bi2M3 | β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.388; L: Bi 0.316; α-Bi2M3: Bi 0.391 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Oh 1992_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 12; `ORC-PNXT2DXTHZ` |  |
| 961 | peritectic: β-Bi2Mg3->L+α-Bi2M3 | β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.388; L: Bi 0.32; α-Bi2M3: Bi 0.395 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012 | Table 2, p. 7, row 13; `ORC-SQFI326GHX` |  |
| 959 | peritectic: β-Bi2Mg3->L+α-Bi2M3 | β-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.387; L: Bi 0.315; α-Bi2M3: Bi 0.393 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 9; `ORC-WFRMEPHNMZ` |  |
| 827 | eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3 | L: Bi 0.133; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4, Mg 0.6 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Paliwal 2009_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 7; `ORC-VUWYUGR4MB` |  |
| 826 | eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3 | L: Bi 0.128; hcp_A3: Bi 0.011; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.35 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Oh 1992_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 6; `ORC-7C4M7IFMGZ` |  |
| 826 | eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3 | L: Bi 0.143; hcp_A3: Bi 0.0112; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.35 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Nayeb-Hashemi 1985_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 5; `ORC-IEAZ7OZOSW` |  |
| 826 | eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3 | α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4, Mg 0.6 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Wobst 1962_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 4; `ORC-ZWPW5MKGV2` |  |
| 825 | eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3 | L: Bi 0.1776; hcp_A3: Bi 0; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Grube 1906_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 2; `ORC-2FKTHDQXYO` |  |
| 825 | eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3 | L: Bi 0.143; hcp_A3: Bi 0.015; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.35 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 3; `ORC-EWNWZPRYV5` |  |
| 825 | eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3 | L: Bi 0.124; hcp_A3: Bi 0.011; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.349 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012 | Table 2, p. 7, row 8; `ORC-YBJBX6OAE2` |  |
| 823 | eutectic: L->hcp_A3+α-Bi2Mg3 | L: Bi 0.13; hcp_A3: Bi 0; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Stepanow 1905_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 1; `ORC-VVSMFD6DVA` |  |
| 541 | eutectic: L->α-Bi2Mg3+Rhom | L: Bi 1; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; Rhom: Bi 1 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Grube 1906_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 20; `ORC-SYVLAHU6W5` |  |
| 536 | eutectic: L->α-Bi2Mg3+Rhom | L: Bi 0.967; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; Rhom: Bi 1 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012 | Table 2, p. 7, row 25; `ORC-WWFMAFX43L` |  |
| 534 | eutectic: L->α-Bi2Mg3+Rhom | L: Bi 0.954; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; Rhom: Bi 1 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Paliwal 2009_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 24; `ORC-AUQ3M6D5DQ` |  |
| 534 | eutectic: L->α-Bi2Mg3+Rhom | L: Bi 0.97; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; Rhom: Bi 1 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Stepanow 1905_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 19; `ORC-CDEBKH6SFW` |  |
| 533 | eutectic: L->α-Bi2Mg3+Rhom | L: Bi 0.958; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; Rhom: Bi 1 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Oh 1992_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 23; `ORC-AYHBVNGFUL` |  |
| 533 | eutectic: L->α-Bi2Mg3+Rhom | L: Bi 0.957; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; Rhom: Bi 1 | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Nayeb-Hashemi 1985_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 22; `ORC-ECRT4HIND3` |  |
| 533 | eutectic: L->α-Bi2Mg3+Rhom | L: Bi 0.957; α-Bi2Mg3: Bi 0.4; Rhom: Bi 1 | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Grube 1934_ | Table 2, p. 7, row 21; `ORC-JQUUTEODFN` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Bi–Mg system (12)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Bi2Mg3 |  | -71.276 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | DFT |  |  | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Zhou 2010_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 10; `ORC-K2W7RY232L` |  |
| Bi2Mg3 |  | -37.181 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Moser 1974_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 4; `ORC-EUELE5R5TK` |  |
| Bi2Mg3 |  | -34.08 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Paliwal 2009_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 11; `ORC-CIOGQKWB7B` |  |
| Bi2Mg3 |  | -33.884 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Acta Metall 2012 | Table 3, p. 9, row 12; `ORC-WYXPNHLE6S` |  |
| Bi2Mg3 |  | -33.255 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Oh 1992_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 7; `ORC-GCR4FELX6E` |  |
| Bi2Mg3 |  | -31.454 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | DFT |  |  | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Zhou 2008_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 9; `ORC-6AOKHSXHJ7` |  |
| Bi2Mg3 |  | -31.403 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Kubaschewski 1939_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 2; `ORC-6XNNRNBTSN` |  |
| Bi2Mg3 |  | -31.403 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Kubaschewski 1956_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 3; `ORC-Y646EHXO7E` |  |
| Bi2Mg3 |  | -30.146 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Seith 1937_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 1; `ORC-JXONFEMFAZ` |  |
| Bi2Mg3 |  | -25.377 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Kubaschewski 1979_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 5; `ORC-IECNMW7TT7` |  |
| Bi2Mg3 |  | -25.355 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Alcock 1983_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 6; `ORC-VTOPOL6VOY` |  |
| Bi2Mg3 |  | -24.369 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | DFT |  |  | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Curtarolo 2005_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 8; `ORC-5AQHNO6T6D` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (3)

Table: Phase transition, Bi–Mg system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 1094 K | 1094 | liquid | experimental | [2] Chang-Seok 1992 | p. 3; `ORC-LWVYYNZRV6.67e8cd` | “Calculated melting temperature of the highreported values are 1094 K by Wobst(ll), temperature MgsBig is 1096 K. whereas temperature of Calculated allotropic transformation and 1096 K by Grube(l7).” |
| Phase transition | 1096 K | 1096 | liquid | experimental | [2] Chang-Seok 1992 | p. 3; `ORC-LWVYYNZRV6.b13151` | “Calculated melting temperature of the highreported values are 1094 K by Wobst(ll), temperature MgsBig is 1096 K. whereas temperature of Calculated allotropic transformation and 1096 K by Grube(l7).” |
| Phase transition | 1096 K | 1096 | liquid | model | [2] Chang-Seok 1992 | p. 3; `ORC-LWVYYNZRV6.b2a674` | “Calculated melting temperature of the highreported values are 1094 K by Wobst(ll), temperature MgsBig is 1096 K. whereas temperature of Calculated allotropic transformation and 1096 K by Grube(l7).” |

### Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (4)

Table: Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, Bi–Mg system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy; _printed: °S298_ | 39.7 J/mol (basis unstated)/K | 298.15 | Bi2Mg3; _alloy: Mg 0.6_ | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Paliwal 2009_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 15; `ORC-CHVBRWQ776` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: °S298_ | 39.2 J/mol (basis unstated)/K | 298.15 | Bi2Mg3; _alloy: Mg 0.6_ | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Oh 1992_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 14; `ORC-GFT63GSCK4` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: °S298_ | 39.5 J/mol (basis unstated)/K | 298.15 | Bi2Mg3; _alloy: Mg 0.6_ | model | [1] Acta Metall 2012 | Table 3, p. 9, row 16; `ORC-HOMBZP46HR` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: °S298_ | 38.4 J/mol (basis unstated)/K | 298.15 | Bi2Mg3; _alloy: Mg 0.6_ | experimental | [1] Acta Metall 2012; _cites Kubaschewski 1979_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 13; `ORC-JZXWPOHN4G` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Acta Metall. Sin. Engl. Lett., 25, 19-28(2012). [doi:10.11890/1006-7191-121-19](https://doi.org/10.11890/1006-7191-121-19)
2. Oh Chang-Seok, Kang Soo-Young, Nyung Lee Dong, Assessment of the mg-bi system, Calphad 16, 181-191 (1992). [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(92)90006-j](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2892%2990006-j)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).