# Bi–Pb–Sn system > Bi–Pb–Sn system: 32 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 32) and 0 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote. HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-PB-SN.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-PB-SN.md 32 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 22, model 8, unspecified 2); 0 calculated phase diagram(s). Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/BI-PB-SN.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-PB-SN.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#BI-PB-SN) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/BI-PB-SN.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI-PB-SN.md) Table: Accepted values by evidence class | Evidence class | Values | |---|---:| | experimental | 22 | | model | 8 | | unspecified | 2 | Table: Accepted values by property group | Property group | Values | |---|---:| | invariant reaction | 32 | ## Invariant reactions (literature) Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Bi–Pb–Sn system (32) | T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---:|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 461 | L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Takase 1937_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-HIRM72QWFP` | | | 460 | L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 | | unspecified | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Gocken 1992_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02645372) | Table 1, p. 2, row 5; `ORC-RAMGBGRZNK` | | | 459.6 | L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 | | model | [1] Gierlotka 2017 | Table 1, p. 2, row 7; `ORC-DUIKGJQEKS` | | | 458.1 | L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Takase 1937_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 6; `ORC-JQNKVTFYMI` | | | 458 | L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Nosek 1967_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-RVWAEN3MRI` | | | 457.6 | L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Hofe 1940_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-PJRJUS3YOT` | | | 457 | L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Predel 1967_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-ZNCEPXLDTZ` | | | 456.1 | L = FCC_A1 + BCT_A5 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Takase 1937_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 17; `ORC-PJAFV2JAXH` | | | 455.9 | L = FCC_A1 + BCT_A5 | | model | [1] Gierlotka 2017 | Table 1, p. 2, row 18; `ORC-IATUFKLRUC` | | | 411.15 | peritectic: L + fcc -> ε + β-Sn | L: Bi 0.28, Pb 0.32, Sn 0.4 | experimental | [2] Yoon 1998; _cites Gershman 1957_ | Table 3, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-44ITANZSG4` | | | 411 | L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 + BCT_A5 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Gershman 1958_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 20; `ORC-2FT3PD4EDA` | | | 410.85 | peritectic: L + fcc -> ε + β-Sn | L: Bi 0.27, Pb 0.399, Sn 0.332 | model | [2] Yoon 1998 | Table 3, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-S2XPOOBGOL` | | | 410.7 | L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 + BCT_A5 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Takase 1937_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 21; `ORC-IAO5VLRIJL` | | | 410.15 | peritectic: L + fcc -> ε + β-Sn | L: Bi 0.27, Pb 0.341, Sn 0.389 | experimental | [2] Yoon 1998; _cites Ho 1953_ | Table 3, p. 6, row 1; `ORC-FNLH7TLABW` | | | 410 | L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 + BCT_A5 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Ho 1953_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 19; `ORC-5OS6ESKFUF` | | | 408 | L + FCC_A1 = HCP_A3 + BCT_A5 | | model | [1] Gierlotka 2017 | Table 1, p. 2, row 22; `ORC-3WVHU2FOKV` | | | 398.6 | L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Takase 1937_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 12; `ORC-2TRCSFFSKJ` | | | 398.5 | L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Hofe 1940_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 10; `ORC-XMP7GGLUWM` | | | 398.5 | L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Takase 1937_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 9; `ORC-ZXNZBSFSZG` | | | 398 | L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Nosek 1967_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 11; `ORC-CSOLQ36EGR` | | | 398 | L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3 | | unspecified | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Strickler 1936_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01302a003) | Table 1, p. 2, row 8; `ORC-MBYOYZFPXJ` | | | 398 | L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3 | | model | [1] Gierlotka 2017 | Table 1, p. 2, row 13; `ORC-QCBJZHKHSB` | | | 373.15 | eutectic: L -> Bi + ε + β-Sn | L: Bi 0.414, Pb 0.286, Sn 0.3 | experimental | [2] Yoon 1998; _cites Gershman 1957_ | Table 3, p. 6, row 5; `ORC-R7XUGGTMMS` | | | 373 | L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3 + BCT_A5 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Gershman 1958_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 24; `ORC-GETFZ7LVR3` | | | 372.9 | L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3 + BCT_A5 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Takase 1937_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 25; `ORC-7VTZWFINCL` | | | 372.75 | eutectic: L -> Bi + ε + β-Sn | L: Bi 0.465, Pb 0.287, Sn 0.248 | model | [2] Yoon 1998 | Table 3, p. 6, row 6; `ORC-ZP2NI32USN` | | | 372.65 | eutectic: L -> Bi + ε + β-Sn | L: Bi 0.462, Pb 0.287, Sn 0.251 | experimental | [2] Yoon 1998; _cites Ho 1953_ | Table 3, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-ITO2GAOP2L` | | | 372.5 | L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3 + BCT_A5 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Ho 1953_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 23; `ORC-WT7HKCWB4C` | | | 372 | L = Rhombohedral_A7 + HCP_A3 + BCT_A5 | | model | [1] Gierlotka 2017 | Table 1, p. 2, row 26; `ORC-F6ROK6VZWK` | | | 227 | HCP_A3 = Rhombohedral_A7 + FCC_A1 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Predel 1967_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 14; `ORC-5A2EN5ICCP` | | | 227 | HCP_A3 = Rhombohedral_A7 + FCC_A1 | | model | [1] Gierlotka 2017 | Table 1, p. 2, row 16; `ORC-Z4U64TVF4H` | | | 226.5 | HCP_A3 = Rhombohedral_A7 + FCC_A1 | | experimental | [1] Gierlotka 2017; _cites Takase 1937_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 15; `ORC-IM76SYI44S` | | ## Sources Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row). 1. Wojciech Gierlotka, Yi-Cheng Tung, A New Thermodynamic Description of the Bi-Pb-Sn System, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 38, 814-828 (2017). [doi:10.1007/s11669-017-0572-5](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-017-0572-5) 2. Seung Wook Yoon, Hyuck Mo Lee, A thermodynamic study of phase equilibria in the Sn-Bi-Pb solder system, Calphad 22, 167-178 (1998). [doi:10.1016/s0364-5916(98)00022-4](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-5916%2898%2900022-4) ## Please cite - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065 Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes. ```bibtex @misc{orchid_literature_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_data_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } ``` --- Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).