Bi–Tm system

50 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 16, model 24, DFT 2, unspecified 8); 2 calculated phase diagram(s). 6 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (7) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence class	Values
experimental	16
model	24
DFT	2
unspecified	8

Accepted values by property group
Property group	Values
invariant reaction	28
phase transition	2
formation	8
crystal structure	12

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB file	Assessment	SHA-256	Links
BiTm-10Wan.tdb	C.P. Wang, H.L. Zhang, A.T. Tang, F.S. Pan, X.J. Liu, J. Alloys Compd., 502, 43-48(2010). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.03.042	`0fe52d02cf6d5c2ad74ce147909174a5e41e02a6a22627cc3b640195c1103d56`	viewer · TDB · JSON
BiTm-15Dja.tdb	Y. Djaballah, A. Said Amer, S. Ugur, G. Ugur, A. Hidoussi, A. Belgacem-Bouzida, Calphad, 48, 72-78(2015). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.11.002	`eece954098bcef12dede70e60c852e8135c3733a46598c8d9231291def4644f1`	viewer · TDB · JSON

Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB file	T (K)	Phases at the invariant
BiTm-10Wan.tdb	1687.37	BITM_B1 (x(Tm) 0.5) + BI3TM5 (x(Tm) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Tm) 0.69504)
BiTm-10Wan.tdb	1687.36	BITM_B1 (x(Tm) 0.5) + BI3TM5 (x(Tm) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Tm) 0.69522)
BiTm-10Wan.tdb	1687.36	BITM_B1 (x(Tm) 0.5) + BI3TM5 (x(Tm) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Tm) 0.69524)
BiTm-10Wan.tdb	1409.88	BI3TM5 (x(Tm) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Tm) 0.82579) + HCP_A3 (x(Tm) 0.98985)
BiTm-10Wan.tdb	1409.88	BI3TM5 (x(Tm) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Tm) 0.82583) + HCP_A3 (x(Tm) 0.98985)
BiTm-10Wan.tdb	538.89	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Tm) 0) + LIQUID (x(Tm) 0.02086) + BITM_B1 (x(Tm) 0.5)
BiTm-10Wan.tdb	538.89	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Tm) 0) + LIQUID (x(Tm) 0.02074) + BITM_B1 (x(Tm) 0.5)
BiTm-15Dja.tdb	1686.53	BITM_B1 (x(Tm) 0.5) + BI3TM5 (x(Tm) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Tm) 0.70462)
BiTm-15Dja.tdb	1686.53	BITM_B1 (x(Tm) 0.5) + BI3TM5 (x(Tm) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Tm) 0.70471)
BiTm-15Dja.tdb	1686.53	BITM_B1 (x(Tm) 0.5) + BI3TM5 (x(Tm) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Tm) 0.70458)
BiTm-15Dja.tdb	1403.14	BI3TM5 (x(Tm) 0.625) + LIQUID (x(Tm) 0.81079) + HCP_A3 (x(Tm) 0.99069)
BiTm-15Dja.tdb	535.12	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Tm) 0) + LIQUID (x(Tm) 0.02323) + BITM_B1 (x(Tm) 0.5)
BiTm-15Dja.tdb	535.12	RHOMBOHEDRAL_A7 (x(Tm) 0) + LIQUID (x(Tm) 0.02301) + BITM_B1 (x(Tm) 0.5)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull BiTm-10Wan

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Bi–Tm system (28)
T (K)	Reaction / phases	Compositions (mole fraction)	Class	Source	Location
2053.15	congruent melting: L <-> BiTm	L: Tm 0.5; BiTm: Tm 0.5	experimental	[1] Wang 2010 cites Abdusalyamova 1996 doi	Table 4, p. 4, row 11 report
2053	congruent melting: L <-> BiTm	L: Tm 0.5; BiTm: Tm 0.5	experimental	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Abdusalyamova 1996 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 5 report
2020.05	congruent melting: L <-> BiTm	L: Tm 0.5; BiTm: Tm 0.5	model	[2] Djaballah 2015	Table 5, p. 6, row 8 report
2013.15	congruent melting: L <-> BiTm	L: Tm 0.5; BiTm: Tm 0.5	model	[1] Wang 2010	Table 4, p. 4, row 12 report
2013	congruent melting: L <-> BiTm	L: Tm 0.5; BiTm: Tm 0.5	model	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Wang 2010 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 7 report
2010.15	congruent melting: L <-> BiTm	L: Tm 0.5; BiTm: Tm 0.5	unspecified	[1] Wang 2010 cites Abulkhaev 2003 doi	Table 4, p. 4, row 10 report
2010	congruent melting: L <-> BiTm	L: Tm 0.5; BiTm: Tm 0.5	unspecified	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Abulkhaev 2003 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 6 report
1783.15	peritectic: L + BiTm <-> Bi3Tm5	BiTm: Tm 0.5; Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	experimental	[1] Wang 2010 cites Abdusalyamova 1996 doi	Table 4, p. 4, row 8 report
1783	peritectic: L + BiTm <-> Bi3Tm5	BiTm: Tm 0.5; Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	experimental	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Abdusalyamova 1996 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 9 report
1690.15	peritectic: L + BiTm <-> Bi3Tm5	BiTm: Tm 0.5; Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	unspecified	[1] Wang 2010 cites Abulkhaev 2003 doi	Table 4, p. 4, row 7 report
1690	peritectic: L + BiTm <-> Bi3Tm5	BiTm: Tm 0.5; Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	unspecified	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Abulkhaev 2003 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 10 report
1687.15	peritectic: L + BiTm <-> Bi3Tm5	L: Tm 0.695; BiTm: Tm 0.5; Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	model	[1] Wang 2010	Table 4, p. 4, row 9 report
1687	peritectic: L + BiTm <-> Bi3Tm5	L: Tm 0.695; BiTm: Tm 0.5; Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	model	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Wang 2010 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 11 report
1686.5	peritectic: L + BiTm <-> Bi3Tm5	L: Tm 0.704; BiTm: Tm 0.5; Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	model	[2] Djaballah 2015	Table 5, p. 6, row 12 report
1413.15	eutectic: L <-> (Tm) + Bi3Tm5	L: Tm 0.81; (Tm): Tm 0.99; Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	experimental	[1] Wang 2010 cites Abdusalyamova 1996 doi	Table 4, p. 4, row 5 report
1413	eutectic: L <-> Bi3Tm5 + (Tm)	L: Tm 0.81; Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625; (Tm): Tm 0.99	experimental	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Abdusalyamova 1996 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 13 report
1410.15	eutectic: L <-> (Tm) + Bi3Tm5	L: Tm 0.825; (Tm): Tm 0.99; Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	model	[1] Wang 2010	Table 4, p. 4, row 6 report
1410.15	eutectic: L <-> (Tm) + Bi3Tm5	Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	unspecified	[1] Wang 2010 cites Abulkhaev 2003 doi	Table 4, p. 4, row 4 report
1410	eutectic: L <-> Bi3Tm5 + (Tm)	L: Tm 0.825; Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625; (Tm): Tm 0.99	model	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Wang 2010 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 15 report
1410	eutectic: L <-> Bi3Tm5 + (Tm)	L: Tm 0.81; Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	unspecified	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Abulkhaev 2003 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 14 report
1403.1	eutectic: L <-> Bi3Tm5 + (Tm)	L: Tm 0.81; Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625; (Tm): Tm 0.991	model	[2] Djaballah 2015	Table 5, p. 6, row 16 report
541.15	eutectic: L <-> (Bi) + BiTm	(Bi): Tm 0; BiTm: Tm 0.5	unspecified	[1] Wang 2010 cites Abulkhaev 2003 doi	Table 4, p. 4, row 1 report
541	eutectic: L <-> (Bi) + BiTm	(Bi): Tm 0; BiTm: Tm 0.5	unspecified	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Abulkhaev 2003 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 2 report
539.15	eutectic: L <-> (Bi) + BiTm	(Bi): Tm 0; BiTm: Tm 0.5	experimental	[1] Wang 2010 cites Abdusalyamova 1996 doi	Table 4, p. 4, row 2 report
539.15	eutectic: L <-> (Bi) + BiTm	L: Tm 0.021; (Bi): Tm 0; BiTm: Tm 0.5	model	[1] Wang 2010	Table 4, p. 4, row 3 report
539	eutectic: L <-> (Bi) + BiTm	(Bi): Tm 0; BiTm: Tm 0.5	experimental	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Abdusalyamova 1996 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 1 report
539	eutectic: L <-> (Bi) + BiTm	L: Tm 0.021; (Bi): Tm 0; BiTm: Tm 0.5	model	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Wang 2010 doi	Table 5, p. 6, row 3 report
535.1	eutectic: L <-> (Bi) + BiTm	L: Tm 0.023; (Bi): Tm 0; BiTm: Tm 0.5	model	[2] Djaballah 2015	Table 5, p. 6, row 4 report

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, Bi–Tm system (8)
Phase	Compound	Value	T (K)	Class	MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom)	Source	Location
Bi3Tm5	Bi3Tm5	-73.565 kJ/mol-atom		model	-59.592 (mp-aaacqtbi)	-60.919 (oqmd-28780)	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Wang 2010 doi	Table 2, p. 4, row 21 report
Bi3Tm5	Bi3Tm5	-68 kJ/mol-atom		model	-59.592 (mp-aaacqtbi)	-60.919 (oqmd-28780)	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 2, p. 4, row 20 report
Bi3Tm5	Bi3Tm5	-60.85 kJ/mol-atom		model	-59.592 (mp-aaacqtbi)	-60.919 (oqmd-28780)	[2] Djaballah 2015	Table 2, p. 4, row 23 report
Bi3Tm5		-60.751 kJ/mol-atom	0	DFT			[2] Djaballah 2015	Table 2, p. 4, row 22 report
BiTm	BiTm	-99 kJ/mol-atom		model	-74.592 (mp-aaaabijq)	-77.416 (oqmd-1926383)	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Wang 2010 doi	Table 2, p. 4, row 17 report
BiTm	BiTm	-76.796 kJ/mol-atom		model	-74.592 (mp-aaaabijq)	-77.416 (oqmd-1926383)	[2] Djaballah 2015	Table 2, p. 4, row 19 report
BiTm		-76.501 kJ/mol-atom	0	DFT			[2] Djaballah 2015	Table 2, p. 4, row 18 report
BiTm	BiTm	-73 kJ/mol-atom		model	-74.592 (mp-aaaabijq)	-77.416 (oqmd-1926383)	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Colinet 1984 doi	Table 2, p. 4, row 16 report

Other properties

Phase transition (2)

Phase transition, Bi–Tm system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location	Quote
Phase transition	2010.15 K	2010.15	BiTm	experimental	[1] Wang 2010 cites Abulkhaev 2003 doi	p. 3 report	However, more recently Abulkhaev [25] have studied the Bi-Tm phase diagram by means of differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and microstructural analysis, and reported there are two eutectic reactions of the L ↔ (Bi) + BiTm at 268 ± 5 ◦ C and L ↔ (Tm) + Bi3 Tm5 at 1137 ± 10 ◦ C, and a peritectic reaction of the L + BiTm ↔ Bi3 Tm5 at 1417 ± 15 ◦ C, and the compound BiTm melts at 1737 ±…
Phase transition	2053.15 K	2053.15	BiTm	experimental	[1] Wang 2010 cites Abdusalyamova 1996 doi	p. 3 report	In this system, there are two eutectic reactions of the L ↔ (Bi) + BiTm at 266 ◦ C and L ↔ (Tm) + Bi3 Tm5 at 1140 ◦ C, and a peritectic reaction of the L + BiTm ↔ Bi3 Tm5 at 1510 ◦ C, and the compound BiTm melts at 1780 ◦ C, and the bismuth solubility in thulium is about 1 at.%.

Crystal structure (12)

Crystal structure, Bi–Tm system
Property	Value	T (K)	Phases / composition	Class	Source	Location
Lattice a	8.163 Å		Bi3Tm5 Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	model	[2] Djaballah 2015	Table 1, p. 2, row 21 report
Lattice a	6.27 Å		BiTm BiTm: Tm 0.5	model	[2] Djaballah 2015	Table 1, p. 2, row 19 report
Lattice a	8.064 Å	298.15	Bi3Tm5 Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	experimental	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Yoshihara 1975 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 20 report
Lattice a	6.188 Å	298.15	BiTm BiTm: Tm 0.5	experimental	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Yoshihara 1975 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 18 report
Lattice b	9.447 Å		Bi3Tm5 Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	model	[2] Djaballah 2015	Table 1, p. 2, row 21 report
Lattice b	6.27 Å		BiTm BiTm: Tm 0.5	model	[2] Djaballah 2015	Table 1, p. 2, row 19 report
Lattice b	9.305 Å	298.15	Bi3Tm5 Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	experimental	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Yoshihara 1975 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 20 report
Lattice b	6.188 Å	298.15	BiTm BiTm: Tm 0.5	experimental	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Yoshihara 1975 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 18 report
Lattice c	11.868 Å		Bi3Tm5 Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	model	[2] Djaballah 2015	Table 1, p. 2, row 21 report
Lattice c	6.27 Å		BiTm BiTm: Tm 0.5	model	[2] Djaballah 2015	Table 1, p. 2, row 19 report
Lattice c	11.758 Å	298.15	Bi3Tm5 Bi3Tm5: Tm 0.625	experimental	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Yoshihara 1975 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 20 report
Lattice c	6.188 Å	298.15	BiTm BiTm: Tm 0.5	experimental	[2] Djaballah 2015 cites Yoshihara 1975 doi	Table 1, p. 2, row 18 report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

C.P. Wang, H.L. Zhang, A.T. Tang, F.S. Pan, X.J. Liu, Thermodynamic assessments of the Bi–Nd and Bi–Tm systems, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 502, 43-48 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.03.042
Y. Djaballah, A. Said Amer, Ş. Uğur, G. Uğur, A. Hidoussi, A. Belgacem-Bouzida, Thermodynamic description of the Bi–Cs and Bi–Tm system supported by first-principles calculations, Calphad 48, 72-78 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.11.002

Please cite

R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735569
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735859
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23735891
R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). doi:10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}