# Bi system

> Bi system: 48 accepted literature values (crystal structure 46, invariant reaction 2) and 0 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI.md

48 accepted literature values from 9 paper(s) (experimental 13, model 7, DFT 16, unspecified 12); 0 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/BI.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#BI) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/BI.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/BI.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 13 |
| model | 7 |
| DFT | 16 |
| unspecified | 12 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 2 |
| crystal structure | 46 |

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Bi system (2)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 544.52 | Bi(rho) ⇌ Bi(liq) | Bi(liq): Bi 1 | model | [1] Chevalier 1988 | Table 2, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-ZIVAAXIFFP` |  |
| 544.52 | Bi(rho) ⇌ Bi(liq) | Bi(liq): Bi 1 | experimental | [1] Chevalier 1988; _cites Okamoto 1983_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02868093) | Table 2, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-ZWQMPQTZR4` |  |

## Other properties

### Crystal structure (46)

Table: Crystal structure, Bi system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lattice a | 4.583 Å | 0 | (Bi); _alloy: Bi 1_ | unspecified | [2] Tang 2013 | Table 2, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-I6CQRN3OWB` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.546 Å |  | (Bi); _alloy: Bi 1_ | experimental | [2] Tang 2013; _cites Villars 2013_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-V4OBAHV5PS` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.612 Å |  | Bi; _Bi: _ | model | [3] Djaballah 2015 | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-2WR5F7NAWP.21abe9` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.565 Å | 0 | Bi; _Bi: Bi 1_ | DFT | [4] Dziri 2022 | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-57BRBWYGGO.d42fac` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.556 Å | 0 | Bi | DFT | [5] Bennoui 2022; _cites Wang 2013_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2013.05.024) | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-AIHUHDH2EA.c76b12` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.49 Å |  | Bi; _Bi: _ | model | [3] Djaballah 2015 | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-B46GLH34WV.8a4514` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.582 Å | 0 | Bi | DFT | [5] Bennoui 2022 | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-IKGHV5OZ4P.cc8ccc` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.488 Å | 0 | Bi; _Bi: Bi 1_ | DFT | [4] Dziri 2022 | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-S3OA5AYVWB.74539c` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.5556 Å | 0 | Bi | DFT | [6] Wang 2013 | Table 3, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-SYV7XY47JM.7b5d10` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.546 Å | 298.15 | (Bi); _(Bi): Bi 1_ | unspecified | [7] Olesinski 1985 | Table 3, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-TF6HZDP4EP.c3db63` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.5446 Å | 298.15 | Bi | experimental | [6] Wang 2013; _cites Robinson 1994_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.9595) | Table 3, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-DEIF6U4DLF.ea1ac7` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.544 Å | 298.15 | Bi; _Bi: Bi 1_ | experimental | [4] Dziri 2022; _cites Robinson 1994_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.9595) | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-GSLJV4RKJW.8f7096` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.555 Å | 298.15 | Bi | experimental | [5] Bennoui 2022; _cites Robinson 1994_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.9595) | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-TTEDGGR6ST.2f91b0` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.544 Å | 298.15 | Bi; _Bi: _ | unspecified | [3] Djaballah 2015; _cites Robinson 1994_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.9595) | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-WZMSYUJZVD.8f2efe` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.56 Å | 298.15 | Rhom_A7-Bi; _alloy: Bi 1_ | experimental | [8] Liu 2019; _cites Straumanis 1949_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1698520) | Table 1, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-5R3G4YZGHZ.07a8e6` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.6 Å | 298.15 | Rhom_A7-Bi; _alloy: Bi 1_ | DFT | [8] Liu 2019 | Table 1, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-FF7KPPSO2U.74c08d` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.746 Å | 298.15 | αBi; _αBi: Bi 1_ | unspecified | [9] Karakaya 1993 | Table 2, p. 4, row 22; `ORC-WRWV7GVRV4.e5c474` |  |
| Lattice a | 6.674 Å | 298.15 | βBi (b); _βBi (b): Bi 1; βBi: Bi 1_ | unspecified | [9] Karakaya 1993 | Table 2, p. 4, row 23; `ORC-DT7FHBVAG3.585003` |  |
| Lattice b | 4.612 Å |  | Bi; _Bi: _ | model | [3] Djaballah 2015 | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-2WR5F7NAWP.fdd8d3` |  |
| Lattice b | 4.556 Å | 0 | Bi | DFT | [5] Bennoui 2022; _cites Wang 2013_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2013.05.024) | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-AIHUHDH2EA.6dd2d1` |  |
| Lattice b | 4.49 Å |  | Bi; _Bi: _ | model | [3] Djaballah 2015 | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-B46GLH34WV.928a86` |  |
| Lattice b | 4.582 Å | 0 | Bi | DFT | [5] Bennoui 2022 | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-IKGHV5OZ4P.51abcb` |  |
| Lattice b | 4.555 Å | 298.15 | Bi | experimental | [5] Bennoui 2022; _cites Robinson 1994_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.9595) | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-TTEDGGR6ST.46004a` |  |
| Lattice b | 4.544 Å | 298.15 | Bi; _Bi: _ | unspecified | [3] Djaballah 2015; _cites Robinson 1994_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.9595) | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-WZMSYUJZVD.c87fa0` |  |
| Lattice b | 4.56 Å | 298.15 | Rhom_A7-Bi; _alloy: Bi 1_ | experimental | [8] Liu 2019; _cites Straumanis 1949_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1698520) | Table 1, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-5R3G4YZGHZ.5e6553` |  |
| Lattice b | 4.6 Å | 298.15 | Rhom_A7-Bi; _alloy: Bi 1_ | DFT | [8] Liu 2019 | Table 1, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-FF7KPPSO2U.122eb8` |  |
| Lattice b | 6.117 Å | 298.15 | βBi (b); _βBi (b): Bi 1; βBi: Bi 1_ | unspecified | [9] Karakaya 1993 | Table 2, p. 4, row 23; `ORC-DT7FHBVAG3.93559b` |  |
| Lattice c | 11.714 Å |  | Bi; _Bi: _ | model | [3] Djaballah 2015 | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-2WR5F7NAWP.248882` |  |
| Lattice c | 11.918 Å | 0 | Bi; _Bi: Bi 1_ | DFT | [4] Dziri 2022 | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-57BRBWYGGO.99fe7c` |  |
| Lattice c | 12.025 Å | 0 | Bi | DFT | [5] Bennoui 2022; _cites Wang 2013_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2013.05.024) | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-AIHUHDH2EA.bc2774` |  |
| Lattice c | 11.421 Å |  | Bi; _Bi: _ | model | [3] Djaballah 2015 | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-B46GLH34WV.d077f4` |  |
| Lattice c | 12.17 Å | 0 | Bi | DFT | [5] Bennoui 2022 | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-IKGHV5OZ4P.7804ec` |  |
| Lattice c | 11.537 Å | 0 | Bi; _Bi: Bi 1_ | DFT | [4] Dziri 2022 | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-S3OA5AYVWB.267a90` |  |
| Lattice c | 12.0249 Å | 0 | Bi | DFT | [6] Wang 2013 | Table 3, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-SYV7XY47JM.17d2a0` |  |
| Lattice c | 11.862 Å | 298.15 | (Bi); _(Bi): Bi 1_ | unspecified | [7] Olesinski 1985 | Table 3, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-TF6HZDP4EP.14c6be` |  |
| Lattice c | 11.8591 Å | 298.15 | Bi | experimental | [6] Wang 2013; _cites Robinson 1994_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.9595) | Table 3, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-DEIF6U4DLF.5cd718` |  |
| Lattice c | 11.859 Å | 298.15 | Bi; _Bi: Bi 1_ | experimental | [4] Dziri 2022; _cites Robinson 1994_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.9595) | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-GSLJV4RKJW.b51b96` |  |
| Lattice c | 12.024 Å | 298.15 | Bi | experimental | [5] Bennoui 2022; _cites Robinson 1994_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.9595) | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-TTEDGGR6ST.55e247` |  |
| Lattice c | 11.859 Å | 298.15 | Bi; _Bi: _ | unspecified | [3] Djaballah 2015; _cites Robinson 1994_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.50.9595) | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-WZMSYUJZVD.4acbf2` |  |
| Lattice c | 4.75 Å | 298.15 | Rhom_A7-Bi; _alloy: Bi 1_ | experimental | [8] Liu 2019; _cites Straumanis 1949_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1698520) | Table 1, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-5R3G4YZGHZ.4c9e49` |  |
| Lattice c | 4.8 Å | 298.15 | Rhom_A7-Bi; _alloy: Bi 1_ | DFT | [8] Liu 2019 | Table 1, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-FF7KPPSO2U.9769db` |  |
| Lattice c | 3.304 Å | 298.15 | βBi (b); _βBi (b): Bi 1; βBi: Bi 1_ | unspecified | [9] Karakaya 1993 | Table 2, p. 4, row 23; `ORC-DT7FHBVAG3.8bacbf` |  |
| Molar volume; _printed: V0_ | 36.597 Å3/atom | 0 | Bi; _alloy: Bi 1_ | DFT | [8] Liu 2019 | Table 2, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-PCRMI3EV5C.a7689d` |  |
| Molar volume; _printed: V0_ | 35.385 Å3/atom |  | Bi; _alloy: Bi 1_ | experimental | [8] Liu 2019; _cites Straumanis 1949_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1698520) | Table 2, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-RWFURKC52F.bb4911` |  |
| lattice alpha | 57.23 ° | 298.15 | αBi; _αBi: Bi 1_ | unspecified | [9] Karakaya 1993 | Table 2, p. 4, row 22; `ORC-WRWV7GVRV4.282707` |  |
| lattice beta | 110.33 ° | 298.15 | βBi (b); _βBi (b): Bi 1; βBi: Bi 1_ | unspecified | [9] Karakaya 1993 | Table 2, p. 4, row 23; `ORC-DT7FHBVAG3.3d7ffe` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. P.-Y. Chevalier, Thermodynamic evaluation of the Au-Bi system, Thermochimica Acta 130, 15-24 (1988). [doi:10.1016/0040-6031(88)87046-1](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2888%2987046-1)
2. Ying Tang, Biao Hu, Jiong Wang, Qiannan Gao, Yong Du, Xiaoming Yuan et al., Thermodynamic Modeling of the La-B and La-Bi Systems Supported by First-Principles Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 34, 297-306 (2013). [doi:10.1007/s11669-013-0231-4](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-013-0231-4)
3. Y. Djaballah, A. Said Amer, Ş. Uğur, G. Uğur, A. Hidoussi, A. Belgacem-Bouzida, Thermodynamic description of the Bi–Cs and Bi–Tm system supported by first-principles calculations, Calphad 48, 72-78 (2015). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2014.11.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2014.11.002)
4. F. Dziri, Y. Djaballah, E. Belbacha, A. Belgacem Bouzida, Thermodynamic Reassessment of the Bi-Rb System Supported by Ab-Initio Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 43, 382-392 (2022). [doi:10.1007/s11669-022-00968-3](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-022-00968-3)
5. S. Bennoui, Y. Djaballah, V. Vassiliev, A. Belgacem-Bouzida, Thermodynamic Study of Er-Bi and Er-Te Systems by Combination of First-Principles Calculations and the CALPHAD Method, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 43, 126-138 (2022). [doi:10.1007/s11669-022-00947-8](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-022-00947-8)
6. Jinsan Wang, Changrong Li, Cuiping Guo, Zhenmin Du, Bo Wu, Thermodynamic assessment of the Bi–Er and the Bi–Dy systems, Thermochimica Acta 566, 44-49 (2013). [doi:10.1016/j.tca.2013.05.024](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2013.05.024)
7. R. W. Olesinski, G. J. Abbaschian, The Bi−Si (Bismuth-Silicon) system, Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams 6, 359-361 (1985). [doi:10.1007/bf02880522](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02880522)
8. Jinming Liu, Pin-Wen Guan, Cassie N. Marker, Nathan D. Smith, Nicole Orabona, Shun-Li Shang et al., Thermodynamic properties and phase stability of the Ba-Bi system: A combined computational and experimental study, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 771, 281-289 (2019). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.08.324](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.08.324)
9. I. Karakaya, W. T. Thompson, The Ag-Bi (Silver-Bismuth) System, JPE 14, 525-530 (1993). [doi:10.1007/bf02671975](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02671975)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).