# C–Cr system

> C–Cr system: 118 accepted literature values (heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy 36, invariant reaction 32, activity / EMF / Gibbs energy 25, formation 17) and 0 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.md

118 accepted literature values from 5 paper(s) (experimental 78, model 40); 0 calculated phase diagram(s). 10 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/C-CR.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#C-CR) · [phases (9)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/C-CR.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/C-CR.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-CR.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 78 |
| model | 40 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 32 |
| phase transition | 8 |
| formation | 17 |
| heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy | 36 |
| activity / EMF / Gibbs energy | 25 |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/C/C-CR.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/C/C-CR.json) · [CALPHAD hull CrC-04Ten](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/C/C-CR--CrC-04Ten.json) · [CALPHAD hull CrC-87And-LB](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/C/C-CR--CrC-87And-LB.json) · [CALPHAD hull CrC-90Kaj](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/C/C-CR--CrC-90Kaj.json) · [CALPHAD hull CrC-92Lee](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/C/C-CR--CrC-92Lee.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the C–Cr system (32)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2102 | eutectic: L -> Cr3C2+C | Cr3C2: C 0.4; C: C 1 | experimental | [1] Khvan 2012; _cites Rudy 1969_ | Table 2, p. 4, row 10; `ORC-QTZT424K2X` |  |
| 2097 | eutectic: L -> Cr3C2+C | Cr3C2: C 0.4; C: C 1 | model | [1] Khvan 2012 | Table 2, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-6TFOE5AEV6` |  |
| 2083 | Liq + Graphite -> Cr3C2 | Graphite: Cr 0; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6 | experimental | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 15; `ORC-EWA34MXCLM.d3fd78` |  |
| 2083 | Liq + Graphite -> Cr3C2 | L: Cr 0.63; Graphite: Cr 0; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6 | experimental | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 14; `ORC-EWA34MXCLM.d61ee8` |  |
| 2083 | L + graphite -> Cr3C2 | L: Cr 0.63; graphite: Cr 0; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6 | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Rudy 1969_ | Table III, p. 7, row 14; `ORC-QU5SH7TRWU` |  |
| 2083 | L + graphite -> Cr3C2 | graphite: Cr 0; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6 | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Knotek 1981_ | Table III, p. 7, row 15; `ORC-S75IHDDP4D` |  |
| 2078 | L + graphite -> Cr3C2 | L: Cr 0.621; graphite: Cr 0; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6 | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table III, p. 7, row 13; `ORC-HDVOYIZOHL` |  |
| 2076 | Liq + Graphite -> Cr3C2 | L: Cr 0.622; Graphite: Cr 0; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6 | model | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 13; `ORC-4PDA7DSGPY` |  |
| 2045 | eutectic: L -> Cr3C2+Cr7C3 | Cr3C2: C 0.4; Cr7C3: C 0.3 | model | [1] Khvan 2012 | Table 2, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-MBQXY3CWJC` |  |
| 2022 | eutectic: L -> Cr7C3 + Cr3C2 | L: Cr 0.669; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6 | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table III, p. 7, row 10; `ORC-VD6QJZKENL` |  |
| 2017 | eutectic: LIQ -> Cr7C3 + Cr3C2 | L: Cr 0.671; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6 | model | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-XXOOJRPMUA` |  |
| 2015 | eutectic: L -> Cr3C2+Cr7C3 | Cr3C2: C 0.4; Cr7C3: C 0.3 | experimental | [1] Khvan 2012; _cites Rudy 1969_ | Table 2, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-SIUJBOWH5N` |  |
| 1999 | eutectic: L -> Cr7C3 + Cr3C2 | L: Cr 0.674; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6 | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Rudy 1969_ | Table III, p. 7, row 11; `ORC-GB3JDALPYM` |  |
| 1998 | eutectic: LIQ -> Cr7C3 + Cr3C2 | L: Cr 0.674; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6 | experimental | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-BAV5ZYS2IW.6ed1fe` |  |
| 1998 | eutectic: LIQ -> Cr7C3 + Cr3C2 | Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6 | experimental | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 12; `ORC-BAV5ZYS2IW.766ae5` |  |
| 1998 | eutectic: L -> Cr7C3 + Cr3C2 | Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr3C2: Cr 0.6 | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Knotek 1981_ | Table III, p. 7, row 12; `ORC-YE4Q6BLKDZ` |  |
| 1890 | L + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6 | Cr7C3: C 0.3; Cr23C6: C 0.206897 | model | [1] Khvan 2012 | Table 2, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-5CMOPKO2P7` |  |
| 1885 | L + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6 | Cr7C3: C 0.3; Cr23C6: C 0.206897 | experimental | [1] Khvan 2012; _cites Eremenko 1987_ | Table 2, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-AJ3WQMISS7` |  |
| 1852 | eutectic: L -> Cr23C6+Cr | Cr23C6: C 0.206897 | experimental | [1] Khvan 2012; _cites Eremenko 1987_ | Table 2, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-3PODAQ3HGQ` |  |
| 1850 | LIQ + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6 | L: Cr 0.821; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103 | model | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-A2TTFZXWRU` |  |
| 1849 | eutectic: L -> Cr23C6+Cr | Cr23C6: C 0.206897 | model | [1] Khvan 2012 | Table 2, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-N2MDUFH7YH` |  |
| 1848 | L + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6 | Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103 | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Knotek 1981_ | Table III, p. 7, row 6; `ORC-3IRDQRC6UL` |  |
| 1848 | L + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6 | L: Cr 0.822; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103 | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table III, p. 7, row 4; `ORC-ARVXXX7U4S` |  |
| 1848 | L + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6 | L: Cr 0.83; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103 | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Rudy 1969_ | Table III, p. 7, row 5; `ORC-CUCITGEHR5` |  |
| 1848 | LIQ + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6 | L: Cr 0.83; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103 | experimental | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-MMJPD6EKD4.12b559` |  |
| 1848 | LIQ + Cr7C3 -> Cr23C6 | Cr7C3: Cr 0.7; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103 | experimental | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-MMJPD6EKD4.fec645` |  |
| 1808 | eutectic: LIQ -> Bcc + Cr23C6 | Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103 | experimental | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-5MLXI4G55R` |  |
| 1808 | eutectic: L -> Cr + Cr23C6 | Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103 | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Knotek 1981_ | Table III, p. 7, row 3; `ORC-UKM6TZ43W7` |  |
| 1806 | eutectic: LIQ -> Bcc + Cr23C6 | L: Cr 0.863; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103 | model | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-67QY7SDCQP` |  |
| 1803 | eutectic: L -> Cr + Cr23C6 | L: Cr 0.86; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103 | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Rudy 1969_ | Table III, p. 7, row 2; `ORC-R5JGL5KUT3` |  |
| 1803 | eutectic: LIQ -> Bcc + Cr23C6 | L: Cr 0.86; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103 | experimental | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-SXBWSANMRQ` |  |
| 1798 | eutectic: L -> Cr + Cr23C6 | L: Cr 0.861; Cr23C6: Cr 0.793103 | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table III, p. 7, row 1; `ORC-WRGGRITS6D` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, C–Cr system (17)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Cr3C2 |  | -114.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Gleiser 1965_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/j100889a519) | Table II, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-CINO6FOIC4` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -102.1 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Coltters 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02657382) | Table II, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-7JGSGQZVTT` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -95.6 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Kelley 2004_ | Table II, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-PUDH4EUG74` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -87.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Wicks 1963_ | Table II, p. 4, row 15; `ORC-KTGXT7JFNW` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -85.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Barin 1993_ | Table II, p. 4, row 17; `ORC-H5CWN5SGAG` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -77.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Mah 1969_ | Table II, p. 4, row 13; `ORC-MJNINJ2Q7X` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -76.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Kulkarni 1972_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02647039) | Table II, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-RE4AMDEUB7` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -72.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Kleykamp 2001_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2801%2901012-x) | Table II, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-ZJNZO2UYX5` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -71.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Teng 2004 | Table II, p. 4, row 12; `ORC-A4DIHI62D2` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -71.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Andersson 1987_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2887%2990045-9) | Table II, p. 4, row 16; `ORC-CS7AV4HOKT` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -68.97 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Storms 1967_ | Table II, p. 4, row 14; `ORC-Y2YDBY3TOV` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -66.9 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Du 1989_ | Table II, p. 4, row 11; `ORC-R7GDR4ZTOF` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -65.5 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Tanaka 1971_ | Table II, p. 4, row 10; `ORC-SCP3PQ26VT` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -64.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Mabuchi 1971_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02913393) | Table II, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-EWIDSAPZ72` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -63.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Anthonysamy 1996_ | Table II, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-FSG5YFB5MP` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -56.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Vintaikin 1963_ | Table II, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-R2V56ARAZJ` |  |
| Cr3C2 |  | -56.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Teng 2004; _cites Kleykamp 1969_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19690730407) | Table II, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-EKRRJZDBXW` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (8)

Table: Phase transition, C–Cr system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 2029 K | 2029 | LIQ -> Cr7C3 (max); _L: Cr 0.7; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7_ | model | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-AEROJ7LEN6` |  |
| Phase transition | 2036 K | 2036 | congruent melting: L -> Cr7C3 (max.); _L: Cr 0.7; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7_ | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table III, p. 7, row 7; `ORC-BEQUWEYCSE` |  |
| Phase transition | 2038 K | 2038 | LIQ -> Cr7C3 (max); _L: Cr 0.7; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7_ | experimental | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-AA3CD4HJC6.5043e4` |  |
| Phase transition | 2038 K | 2038 | LIQ -> Cr7C3 (max); _L: Cr 0.7; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7_ | experimental | [2] Andersson 1987 | Table II, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-AA3CD4HJC6.e686d8` |  |
| Phase transition | 2038 K | 2038 | congruent melting: L -> Cr7C3 (max.); _L: Cr 0.7; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7_ | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Rudy 1969_ | Table III, p. 7, row 8; `ORC-CY27KDBVUN` |  |
| Phase transition | 2038 K | 2038 | congruent melting: L -> Cr7C3 (max.); _L: Cr 0.7; Cr7C3: Cr 0.7_ | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Knotek 1981_ | Table III, p. 7, row 9; `ORC-KBLJQOQ7U2` |  |
| Phase transition | 2054 K | 2054 | L -> Cr7C3; _L: C 0.3; Cr7C3: C 0.3_ | experimental | [1] Khvan 2012; _cites Eremenko 1987_ | Table 2, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-5NKVGIYPK7` |  |
| Phase transition | 2058 K | 2058 | L -> Cr7C3; _L: C 0.3; Cr7C3: C 0.3_ | model | [1] Khvan 2012 | Table 2, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-527DYOGYQT` |  |

### Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (36)

Table: Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, C–Cr system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy; _printed: °S(298.15)_ | 635.4 unknown | 298.15 | Cr23C6; _alloy: Cr 0.793103_ | experimental | [5] Lee 1992 | Table 2, p. 11, row 13; `ORC-HUAARRBPWL.8fff0a` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: °S(298.15)_ | 612.12 unknown | 298.15 | Cr23C6; _alloy: Cr 0.793103_ | model | [5] Lee 1992 | Table 2, p. 11, row 14; `ORC-JJQVV6RM3Q.c5b542` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: °S(298.15)_ | 635.4 unknown | 298.15 | Cr23C6; _alloy: Cr 0.793103_ | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Kelley 1949_ | Table II, p. 5, row 17; `ORC-NA5KXHPGTL` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: °S(298.15)_ | 628.9 unknown | 298.15 | Cr23C6; _alloy: Cr 0.793103_ | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table II, p. 5, row 18; `ORC-TWKFKT43MC` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: °S(298.15)_ | 85.434 unknown | 298.15 | Cr3C2; _alloy: Cr 0.6_ | experimental | [5] Lee 1992 | Table 2, p. 11, row 1; `ORC-4XXSPYJQBD.db3a32` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: °S(298.15)_ | 87.86 unknown | 298.15 | Cr3C2; _alloy: Cr 0.6_ | model | [5] Lee 1992 | Table 2, p. 11, row 2; `ORC-CXL76ZYAMV.45aefc` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: °S(298.15)_ | 91.2 unknown | 298.15 | Cr3C2; _alloy: Cr 0.6_ | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table II, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-TAQ7OLVNNK` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: °S(298.15)_ | 85.434 unknown | 298.15 | Cr3C2; _alloy: Cr 0.6_ | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites JANAF 1975_ | Table II, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-WG6CJRPJAT` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: °S(298.15)_ | 200.983 unknown | 298.15 | Cr7C3; _alloy: Cr 0.7_ | experimental | [5] Lee 1992 | Table 2, p. 11, row 7; `ORC-4QOW3QR3UH.6d5c06` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: °S(298.15)_ | 200.983 unknown | 298.15 | Cr7C3; _alloy: Cr 0.7_ | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites JANAF 1975_ | Table II, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-DKOGLDOISC` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: °S(298.15)_ | 210 unknown | 298.15 | Cr7C3; _alloy: Cr 0.7_ | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table II, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-QUT42TMQRY` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: °S(298.15)_ | 205.08 unknown | 298.15 | Cr7C3; _alloy: Cr 0.7_ | model | [5] Lee 1992 | Table 2, p. 11, row 8; `ORC-YEQKMYWOYE.e9e338` |  |
| Heat capacity; _printed: °Cp(298.15)_ | 695.1 unknown | 298.15 | Cr23C6; _alloy: Cr 0.793103_ | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table II, p. 5, row 20; `ORC-7GFULUHMD4` |  |
| Heat capacity; _printed: °Cp(298.15)_ | 649.8 unknown | 298.15 | Cr23C6; _alloy: Cr 0.793103_ | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Kelley 1949_ | Table II, p. 5, row 19; `ORC-D5NSPUETNA` |  |
| Heat capacity; _printed: °Cp(298.15)_ | 649.8 unknown | 298.15 | Cr23C6; _alloy: Cr 0.793103_ | experimental | [5] Lee 1992 | Table 2, p. 11, row 13; `ORC-HUAARRBPWL.06f292` |  |
| Heat capacity; _printed: °Cp(298.15)_ | 696.35 unknown | 298.15 | Cr23C6; _alloy: Cr 0.793103_ | model | [5] Lee 1992 | Table 2, p. 11, row 14; `ORC-JJQVV6RM3Q.ef543d` |  |
| Heat capacity; _printed: °Cp(298.15)_ | 99.299 unknown | 298.15 | Cr3C2; _alloy: Cr 0.6_ | experimental | [5] Lee 1992 | Table 2, p. 11, row 1; `ORC-4XXSPYJQBD.79f4ae` |  |
| Heat capacity; _printed: °Cp(298.15)_ | 107.63 unknown | 298.15 | Cr3C2; _alloy: Cr 0.6_ | model | [5] Lee 1992 | Table 2, p. 11, row 2; `ORC-CXL76ZYAMV.fdbda5` |  |
| Heat capacity; _printed: °Cp(298.15)_ | 119.3 unknown | 298.15 | Cr3C2; _alloy: Cr 0.6_ | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table II, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-EUCJZ63VVY` |  |
| Heat capacity; _printed: °Cp(298.15)_ | 99.299 unknown | 298.15 | Cr3C2; _alloy: Cr 0.6_ | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites JANAF 1975_ | Table II, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-S444XZJC3M` |  |
| Heat capacity; _printed: °Cp(298.15)_ | 209.748 unknown | 298.15 | Cr7C3; _alloy: Cr 0.7_ | experimental | [5] Lee 1992 | Table 2, p. 11, row 7; `ORC-4QOW3QR3UH.c3a15d` |  |
| Heat capacity; _printed: °Cp(298.15)_ | 209.748 unknown | 298.15 | Cr7C3; _alloy: Cr 0.7_ | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites JANAF 1975_ | Table II, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-TDMF3UOH7N` |  |
| Heat capacity; _printed: °Cp(298.15)_ | 263.3 unknown | 298.15 | Cr7C3; _alloy: Cr 0.7_ | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table II, p. 5, row 12; `ORC-WYLNEC4GSB` |  |
| Heat capacity; _printed: °Cp(298.15)_ | 224.66 unknown | 298.15 | Cr7C3; _alloy: Cr 0.7_ | model | [5] Lee 1992 | Table 2, p. 11, row 8; `ORC-YEQKMYWOYE.5cb6d2` |  |
| Heat content; _printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)_ | 635382 unknown | 1070 | Cr23C6 + Cr; _alloy: Cr 0.793103_ | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Kelley 1949_ | Table II, p. 5, row 21; `ORC-7XKWQPO4OQ.4be9f0` |  |
| Heat content; _printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)_ | 661900 unknown | 1070 | Cr23C6 + Cr; _alloy: Cr 0.793103_ | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table II, p. 5, row 22; `ORC-OLVNAZHID3.3a74e8` |  |
| Heat content; _printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)_ | 220500 unknown | 1080 | Cr7C3; _alloy: Cr 0.7_ | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table II, p. 5, row 14; `ORC-DOUCHPVYCM` |  |
| Heat content; _printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)_ | 208698 unknown | 1080 | Cr7C3; _alloy: Cr 0.7_ | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Kelley 1949_ | Table II, p. 5, row 13; `ORC-JUAEL43GS7` |  |
| Heat content; _printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)_ | 107700 unknown | 1085 | Cr3C2; _alloy: Cr 0.6_ | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table II, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-7RL2X7LO3F` |  |
| Heat content; _printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)_ | 104098 unknown | 1085 | Cr3C2; _alloy: Cr 0.6_ | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Kelley 1949_ | Table II, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-JZFIYVNRMY` |  |
| Heat content; _printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)_ | 161670 unknown | 1459 | Cr3C2; _alloy: Cr 0.6_ | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Kelley 1949_ | Table II, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-B2IRHDL5CQ` |  |
| Heat content; _printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)_ | 168500 unknown | 1459 | Cr3C2; _alloy: Cr 0.6_ | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table II, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-SKRIAPZJJZ` |  |
| Heat content; _printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)_ | 1121000 unknown | 1484 | Cr23C6 + Cr; _alloy: Cr 0.793103_ | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table II, p. 5, row 24; `ORC-GZM7BRUQOV.10aa5c` |  |
| Heat content; _printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)_ | 1039810 unknown | 1484 | Cr23C6 + Cr; _alloy: Cr 0.793103_ | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Kelley 1949_ | Table II, p. 5, row 23; `ORC-WADZJHTNGY.9a719e` |  |
| Heat content; _printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)_ | 376300 unknown | 1578 | Cr7C3; _alloy: Cr 0.7_ | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | Table II, p. 5, row 16; `ORC-6DVEU6ZMJE` |  |
| Heat content; _printed: °H(T) - °H(298.15)_ | 376978 unknown | 1578 | Cr7C3; _alloy: Cr 0.7_ | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990; _cites Kelley 1949_ | Table II, p. 5, row 15; `ORC-ROBRFDQJE4` |  |

### Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy (25)

Table: Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy, C–Cr system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activity; _printed: ac_ | 0.43 unspecified | 1273 |  | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | p. 8; `ORC-ZDYEN6FAHF` | “There is no data point for the fcc + M3C2 two-phase equilibrium, but it is expected from the calculation that the M3C2 carbide should appear in the alloy with a ratio of chromium and nickel contents of 12.3/87.7 in mass percent at a carbon activity higher than ac = 0.43 at 1273 K.” |
| Activity; _printed: ac_ | 0.37 unspecified | 1273 | fcc + M7C3 + M3C2 | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | p. 9; `ORC-3CQWFRYP63.04d615` | “According to the present calculations, its carbon activity is ac = 0.37 at 1273 K and ac = 0.49 at 1473 K.” |
| Activity; _printed: ac_ | 0.47 unspecified | 1373 | fcc + M3C2 + M7C3 | experimental | [3] Kajihara 1990 | p. 10; `ORC-J3AJB7WAJD` | “The capsule was kept at 1373 K for 1300 hours. The fcc + carbide(s) two-phase and three-phase microstructures were observed in the equilibrated quaternary alloys at a carbon activity of ac = 0.47.” |
| Activity; _printed: ac_ | 0.49 unspecified | 1473 | fcc + M7C3 + M3C2 | model | [3] Kajihara 1990 | p. 9; `ORC-3CQWFRYP63.42737c` | “According to the present calculations, its carbon activity is ac = 0.37 at 1273 K and ac = 0.49 at 1473 K.” |
| EMF | 138.24 mV | 944 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 21; `ORC-QIHEXPA76C` |  |
| EMF | 140.12 mV | 956 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-QDHL45S2EH` |  |
| EMF | 138.55 mV | 964 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 20; `ORC-A7OJYES77Q` |  |
| EMF | 141.71 mV | 969 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-WXCX37NWRI` |  |
| EMF | 135.53 mV | 970 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 19; `ORC-AMVY4RUUSB` |  |
| EMF | 138.57 mV | 987 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-BP5ONOSS2U` |  |
| EMF | 138.83 mV | 996 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-EQZ3CMYABM` |  |
| EMF | 136.52 mV | 1004 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 18; `ORC-EVRUNWIU77` |  |
| EMF | 144.47 mV | 1031 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 17; `ORC-O75UBWYQZL` |  |
| EMF | 139.43 mV | 1045 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-BH6DCHHSU3` |  |
| EMF | 146.85 mV | 1057 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 16; `ORC-REWRDONZDU` |  |
| EMF | 143.05 mV | 1071 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-B2QU4O5NB7` |  |
| EMF | 146.61 mV | 1089 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 15; `ORC-OQH52LVCAH` |  |
| EMF | 144.34 mV | 1094 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 12; `ORC-XSIWU3PUWW` |  |
| EMF | 138.9 mV | 1102 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 11; `ORC-2XSAI3QMTE` |  |
| EMF | 142.45 mV | 1109 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-AEIGAZMWUW` |  |
| EMF | 147.43 mV | 1117 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 14; `ORC-JRCCPTFU4U` |  |
| EMF | 147.46 mV | 1122 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-UKHISY4YKU` |  |
| EMF | 147.81 mV | 1126 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 13; `ORC-7BHSEJVPK5` |  |
| EMF | 146.4 mV | 1134 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 10; `ORC-RI7UAMYMWP` |  |
| EMF | 147.46 mV | 1149 | UNKNOWN | experimental | [4] Teng 2004 | Table I, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-Q6LNPMMTIW` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. A.V. Khvan, B. Hallstedt, K. Chang, Thermodynamic assessment of Cr–Nb–C and Mn–Nb–C systems, Calphad 39, 54-61 (2012). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2012.09.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2012.09.002)
2. Jan-Olof Andersson, Thermodynamic properties of Cr-C, Calphad 11, 271-276 (1987). [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(87)90045-9](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2887%2990045-9)
3. M. Kajihara, M. Hillert, Thermodynamic evaluation of the Cr-Ni-C system, Metall Trans A 21, 2777-2787 (1990). [doi:10.1007/bf02646072](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02646072)
4. L. D. Teng, K. G. Lu, R. E. Aune, S. Seetharaman, Thermodynamic investigations of Cr3C2 and reassessment of the Cr-C system, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 3673-3680 (2004). [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0273-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0273-7)
5. Byeong-Joo Lee, On the stability of Cr carbides, Calphad 16, 121-149 (1992). [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(92)90002-f](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2892%2990002-f)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file.

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).