# C–Ti system

> C–Ti system: 103 accepted literature values (crystal structure 50, formation 32, invariant reaction 13, heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy 5) and 0 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-TI.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-TI.md

103 accepted literature values from 5 paper(s) (experimental 55, model 37, unspecified 11); 0 calculated phase diagram(s). 12 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/C-TI.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-TI.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#C-TI) · [phases (6)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/C-TI.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/C-TI.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/C-TI.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 55 |
| model | 37 |
| unspecified | 11 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 13 |
| phase transition | 3 |
| formation | 32 |
| heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy | 5 |
| crystal structure | 50 |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/C/C-TI.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/C/C-TI.json) · [CALPHAD hull TiC-95Dus](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/C/C-TI--TiC-95Dus.json) · [CALPHAD hull TiC-96Jon](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/C/C-TI--TiC-96Jon.json) · [CALPHAD hull TiC-96Sei](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/C/C-TI--TiC-96Sei.json) · [CALPHAD hull TiC-99Dum-LB](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/C/C-TI--TiC-99Dum-LB.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the C–Ti system (13)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3338 | congruent melting: fcc-A1 -> Liquid | fcc-A1: Ti 0.554; Liquid: Ti 0.554 | model | [1] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 151, row 4; `ORC-MAFFMTWR5D` |  |
| 3049.6 | L \<-> TiC + C | L: C 0.6643; TiC: C 0.5; C: C 1 | model | [2] Seifert 1996 | Table 4, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-YOU3SG2JNO` |  |
| 3049 | L \<-> TiC + C | L: C 0.63; TiC: C 0.5; C: C 1 | experimental | [2] Seifert 1996; _cites Rudy 1965_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.21236/ada470307) | Table 4, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-HGKMVLKQBQ` |  |
| 3044 | eutectic: Liquid -> graphite + fcc-A1 | Liquid: Ti 0.349; graphite: Ti 0; fcc-A1: Ti 0.515 | model | [1] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 151, row 3; `ORC-3NGJYMQHUW` |  |
| 1925.2 | eutectic: Liquid -> fcc-A1\* + bcc-A2 | Liquid: Ti 0.968; fcc-A1\*: Ti 0.687; bcc-A2: Ti 0.974 | model | [1] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 151, row 1; `ORC-LTV5XEYYCW` |  |
| 1923 | L \<-> βTi + TiC | L: C 0.015; TiC: C 0.5 | experimental | [2] Seifert 1996; _cites Rudy 1965_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.21236/ada470307) | Table 4, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-FLWMW4YFQV` |  |
| 1919.7 | L \<-> βTi + TiC | L: C 0.0132; TiC: C 0.5 | model | [2] Seifert 1996 | Table 4, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-LGEEV6AZ2K` |  |
| 1918 | L \<-> βTi + TiC | L: C 0.0439; TiC: C 0.5 | experimental | [2] Seifert 1996; _cites ref. 59Bic_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-XFCRTT2N24` |  |
| 1205.15 | peritectoid: βTi + TiC1-x -> αTi | βTi: C 0.004; TiC1-x: C 0.344; αTi: C 0.021 | model | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Jonsson 1992_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-GNTG4NFQCF` |  |
| 1193.2 | βTi + TiC \<-> αTi | βTi: C 0.0061; TiC: C 0.5 | model | [2] Seifert 1996 | Table 4, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-CKOZ5KIT76` |  |
| 1193 | βTi + TiC \<-> αTi | TiC: C 0.5 | experimental | [2] Seifert 1996; _cites EC 1956_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-7QR5RO4BKA` |  |
| 1193 | βTi + TiC \<-> αTi | βTi: C 0.006; TiC: C 0.5 | experimental | [2] Seifert 1996; _cites Cadoff 1953_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-APGUNF2YPZ` |  |
| 1190 | peritectoid: fcc-A1\* + bcc-A2 -> hcp-A3 | fcc-A1\*: Ti 0.655; bcc-A2: Ti 0.996; hcp-A3: Ti 0.984 | model | [1] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 151, row 2; `ORC-LHSSMVAIO6` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, C–Ti system (32)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Ti2C | [Ti2C](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ti2C.html) | -64 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -62.057 (mp-aaaaapwj) | -63.158 (oqmd-13975) | [4] Frisk 2003 | Table 3, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-G5I7M6ELRX.d62d74` |  |
| Ti2C | [Ti2C](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ti2C.html) | -64 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -62.057 (mp-aaaaapwj) | -63.158 (oqmd-13975) | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Fernandez 1992_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-ZG6WG2V37S.458b9d` |  |
| Ti2C | [Ti2C](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ti2C.html) | -57 kJ/mol-atom |  | model | -62.057 (mp-aaaaapwj) | -63.158 (oqmd-13975) | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites F 1988_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-UKJDLPL43N.5029be` |  |
| TiC |  | -95.2 per mol-atom | 277.15 | experimental |  |  | [5] Saeki 2020; _cites ref. 41_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-RF7TEVTWQL.780acc` |  |
| TiC | [TiC](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/TiC.html) | -94 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -78.062 (mp-aaaaaayh) | -77.586 (oqmd-1949) | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Jonsson 1996_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-TNZG72OOD4.877c0f` |  |
| TiC |  | -92.9 per mol-atom ± 8.9 | 277.15 | experimental |  |  | [5] Saeki 2020; _cites ref. 42_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-MD54ZU7LXS.238f48` |  |
| TiC | [TiC](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/TiC.html) | -92 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -78.062 (mp-aaaaaayh) | -77.586 (oqmd-1949) | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Fernandez 1992_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 5; `ORC-M6IRHQCMO2.1c5370` |  |
| TiC |  | -91.7 per mol-atom ± 0.8 | 277.15 | experimental |  |  | [5] Saeki 2020; _cites ref. 39_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-M3HYGDB2FQ.05ab70` |  |
| TiC |  | -91.6 per mol-atom ± 9.6 | 277.15 | experimental |  |  | [5] Saeki 2020; _cites ref. 40_ | Table 1, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-DKESL3FI6D.56cf92` |  |
| TiC | [TiC](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/TiC.html) | -90.5 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -78.062 (mp-aaaaaayh) | -77.586 (oqmd-1949) | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Albertsen 1995_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-BDUDLQESZK` |  |
| TiC | [TiC](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/TiC.html) | -90 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -78.062 (mp-aaaaaayh) | -77.586 (oqmd-1949) | [4] Frisk 2003 | Table 1, p. 2, row 6; `ORC-M3ZR2NE26Z.7c2eff` |  |
| TiC | [TiC](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/TiC.html) | -82.4 kJ/mol-atom | 277.15 | model | -78.062 (mp-aaaaaayh) | -77.586 (oqmd-1949) | [5] Saeki 2020 | Table 1, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-FV6WHG7AZ5.4c4bb7` |  |
| TiC | [TiC](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/TiC.html) | -78 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -78.062 (mp-aaaaaayh) | -77.586 (oqmd-1949) | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Seifert 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02648366) | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-2KQXTOCVPE.6e4607` |  |
| TiC | [TiC](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/TiC.html) | -74 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -78.062 (mp-aaaaaayh) | -77.586 (oqmd-1949) | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Dumitrescu 1999_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-H3TSYIKWG6.b60d77` |  |
| TiCx |  | 54 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Zueva 1999_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-VHMVJXT4WV` |  |
| TiCx |  | 62.5 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Lihrmann 1991_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-CKNC7YWN4K` |  |
| TiCx |  | 65.2 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Hugosson 2001_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.63.165116) | Table 2, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-KOE7TYKCUF` |  |
| TiCx |  | 66 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003 | Table 2, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-5TBQ3CTMCN` |  |
| TiCx |  | 67.5 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Zueva 1999_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-MDUQ54U4GU` |  |
| TiCx |  | 74.3 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Hugosson 2001_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.63.165116) | Table 2, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-NQVSFFKYUB` |  |
| TiCx |  | 77 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites F 1988_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-O3S7S222RW` |  |
| TiCx |  | 78.5 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Zueva 1999_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-OAESTMZ5YS` |  |
| TiCx |  | 79.8 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Hugosson 2001_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.63.165116) | Table 2, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-4RYIFCEKXG` |  |
| TiCx |  | 84.4 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Hugosson 2001_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.63.165116) | Table 2, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-SG55K6GAQG` |  |
| TiCx |  | 86.3 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Hugosson 2001_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.63.165116) | Table 2, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-5JX77AMBXU` |  |
| TiCx |  | 86.6 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Kornilov 1981_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-Y6DIPJDQFW` |  |
| TiCx |  | 88 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Lowell 1961_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1717178) | Table 2, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-ZS2QUOMSF7` |  |
| TiCx |  | 91.5 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Morozova 1962_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-R5GBUTE3G5` |  |
| TiCx |  | 92 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Zueva 1999_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-6D2CWF6PQH` |  |
| TiCx |  | 92 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Humphrey 1951_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01149a100) | Table 2, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-AJ2WYH52HJ` |  |
| TiCx |  | 96.4 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Mulokozi 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088%2881%2990058-8) | Table 2, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-5YHVF5OP6B` |  |
| TiCx |  | 103.5 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Morozova 1962_ | Table 2, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-XNQ3YSL77J` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (3)

Table: Phase transition, C–Ti system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 3338.9 K | 3338.9 | L \<-> TiC; _L: C 0.4453; TiC: C 0.5_ | model | [2] Seifert 1996 | Table 4, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-AZR5KXNHEB` |  |
| Phase transition | 3340 K | 3340 | L \<-> TiC; _L: C 0.44; TiC: C 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Seifert 1996; _cites Rudy 1965_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.21236/ada470307) | Table 4, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-TQINZCOLAA` |  |
| Phase transition | 3340 K | 3340 | congruent transformation | experimental | [2] Seifert 1996 | p. 2; `ORC-3CJDBD4MG6` | “TiC shows a large homogeneity region and melts congruently at 3340 K with a C content of 44 at.%.” |

### Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (5)

Table: Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, C–Ti system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy; _printed: S298_ | 15 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | TiC; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | model | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Seifert 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02648366) | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-2KQXTOCVPE.4db1cb` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: S298_ | 19 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | TiC; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | model | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Dumitrescu 1999_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-H3TSYIKWG6.6030f3` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: S298_ | 12 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | TiC; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | model | [4] Frisk 2003 | Table 1, p. 2, row 6; `ORC-M3ZR2NE26Z.0a9e87` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: S298_ | 12 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | TiC; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | model | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Fernandez 1992_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 5; `ORC-M6IRHQCMO2.e02674` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: S298_ | 12 J/mol-atom/K | 298.15 | TiC; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | model | [4] Frisk 2003; _cites Jonsson 1996_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-TNZG72OOD4.44fb65` |  |

### Crystal structure (50)

Table: Crystal structure, C–Ti system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lattice a | 4.326 Å | 83 | TiC1-x | unspecified | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 85Vil_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 30; `ORC-FH2C7MVOX3` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.326 Å | 83 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 85Vil_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-YF22H3MIK7` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 4.33 Å | 277.15 | TiC; _alloy: Ti 0.5_ | model | [5] Saeki 2020 | Table 1, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-WEFTUL3XMU.7af108` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.323 Å | 298.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Ordan'yan 1975_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 35; `ORC-2OIFNYVBWC` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.323 Å | 298.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Ordan'yan 1975_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-3TOVP4H6HJ` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.332 Å | 298.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Ordan'yan 1975_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 33; `ORC-3TZ6STB7MG` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.33 Å | 298.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Ordan'yan 1975_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-52MJ3CABBC` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.306 Å | 298.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 85Vil_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-5AQ2SQEBJB` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.3225 Å | 298.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Ordan'yan 1975_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 56; `ORC-7HON4ER7MV` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.332 Å | 298.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Ordan'yan 1975_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-CXRFR4YIZG` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.3225 Å | 298.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Ordan'yan 1975_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 28; `ORC-JBKAPRKBMQ` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.33 Å | 298.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Ordan'yan 1975_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 57; `ORC-K555UC5XIO` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.327 Å | 298.15 | TiC1-x | unspecified | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 85Vil_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 32; `ORC-NH3AWTPFXI` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.327 Å | 298.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 85Vil_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-V33HXPYYTW` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.306 Å | 298.15 | TiC1-x | unspecified | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 85Vil_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 31; `ORC-WJ6QES22OD` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.3292 Å | 299 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 85Vil_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-ESSVDFB7TU` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.3292 Å | 299 | TiC1-x | unspecified | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 85Vil_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 29; `ORC-FS4HUFOO4N` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.328 Å | 1773.15 | TiC1-x | unspecified | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Aivazov 1975_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 58; `ORC-5AY5GS7VOQ` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.333 Å | 1773.15 | TiC1-x | unspecified | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Aivazov 1975_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 59; `ORC-5IYLEVA7SL` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.322 Å | 1773.15 | TiC1-x | unspecified | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Aivazov 1975_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 60; `ORC-7KZPKVXAZM` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.333 Å | 1773.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Aivazov 1975_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 31; `ORC-7NSLIJ6VRY` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.324 Å | 1773.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Aivazov 1975_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 33; `ORC-HLVO7L4PXB` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.328 Å | 1773.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Aivazov 1975_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 30; `ORC-HXRLH5WJKR` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.324 Å | 1773.15 | TiC1-x | unspecified | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Aivazov 1975_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 61; `ORC-WB2LJZNTBZ` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.322 Å | 1773.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Aivazov 1975_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 32; `ORC-WFIUCR6GU6` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.3166 Å | 1823.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Du 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-BRSKNGO72K` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.3136 Å | 1823.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Du 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 12; `ORC-JUVKOA44IL` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.3209 Å | 1823.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Du 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-KBDUB6QLJI` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.3112 Å | 1823.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Du 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-N2VSIZANDT` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.3226 Å | 1823.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Du 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 14; `ORC-OAYJBD7GKT` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.3207 Å | 1823.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Du 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 13; `ORC-R3YOMD2WBJ` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.3192 Å | 1823.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Du 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-VGSAU3P4F4` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.309 Å | 2646.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 66Rud_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 20; `ORC-JOTTMFB4YG` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.308 Å | 2733.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 66Rud_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 15; `ORC-RCVADO7T7G` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.322 Å | 2790.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 66Rud_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 24; `ORC-PXTEEL5GMC` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.31 Å | 2791.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 66Rud_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 17; `ORC-WUEO3BBG4P` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.329 Å | 2898.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 66Rud_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 25; `ORC-SQ43JGWIIM` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.318 Å | 2903.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 66Rud_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 18; `ORC-PERZDOAG6E` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.321 Å | 2915.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 66Rud_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 16; `ORC-DSZJXZ2UA7` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.329 Å | 2934.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 66Rud_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 19; `ORC-NIDX2BBEYY` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.319 Å | 3073.15 | TiC1-x | unspecified | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 66Rud_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 49; `ORC-2JNM73ZWQW` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.319 Å | 3073.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 66Rud_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 21; `ORC-SOZTZFN243` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.326 Å | 3133.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 66Rud_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 22; `ORC-GT3GKNBMEL` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.326 Å | 3133.15 | TiC1-x | unspecified | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 66Rud_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 50; `ORC-V55DKBUNYN` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.332 Å | 3173.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Ordan'yan 1975_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 27; `ORC-2J6ECUHD6J` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.332 Å | 3173.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Ordan'yan 1975_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 55; `ORC-JSXMV274Z3` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.33 Å | 3203.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Ordan'yan 1975_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 26; `ORC-W3II7ZPGGK` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.33 Å | 3203.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites Ordan'yan 1975_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 54; `ORC-X6WILGR6JX` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.33 Å | 3265.15 | TiC1-x | experimental | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 66Rud_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 23; `ORC-HMRPAEMDY2` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.33 Å | 3265.15 | TiC1-x | unspecified | [3] Duschanek 1995; _cites ref. 66Rud_ | Table 3, p. 4, row 51; `ORC-OCW3DQAHQJ` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. I. Ansara, A. T. Dinsdale, M. H. Rand (eds.), COST 507: Thermochemical database for light metal alloys, Volume 2, EUR 18499 EN, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg (1998), ISBN 92-828-3902-8.
2. H. J. Seifert, H. L. Lukas, G. Petzow, Thermodynamic optimization of the Ti-C system, JPE 17, 24-35 (1996). [doi:10.1007/bf02648366](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02648366)
3. H. Duschanek, P. Rogl, H. L. Lukas, A critical assessment and thermodynamic calculation of the boron-carbon-titanium (B-C-Ti) ternary system, JPE 16, 46-60 (1995). [doi:10.1007/bf02646248](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02646248)
4. Karin Frisk, A revised thermodynamic description of the Ti–C system, Calphad 27, 367-373 (2003). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2004.01.004](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2004.01.004)
5. Michitoshi Saeki, Takako Yamashita, Hiroshi Ohtani, Thermodynamic Study on Solubility Products of Ti&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in Fe Using First-Principles Calculations, ISIJ Int. 60, 745-755 (2020). [doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2019-274](https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2019-274)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file.

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).