# Ca–Ge system

> Ca–Ge system: 50 accepted literature values (formation 19, invariant reaction 15, activity / EMF / Gibbs energy 9, phase transition 7) and 1 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CA-GE.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CA-GE.md

50 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 21, model 24, DFT 5); 1 calculated phase diagram(s). 7 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/CA-GE.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CA-GE.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#CA-GE) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CA-GE/CaGe-10Dja.json) · [phases (10)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CA-GE.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/CA-GE.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CA-GE.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 21 |
| model | 24 |
| DFT | 5 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 15 |
| phase transition | 7 |
| formation | 19 |
| activity / EMF / Gibbs energy | 9 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | Y. Djaballah, A. Pasturel, A. Belgacem-Bouzida, J. Alloys Compd., 497, 74-79(2010). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.02.189](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.02.189) | `cb8f461fa9247dd95d26913b91736503e7ccb96dfcb54222eba9e42e0c08a7c5` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CA-GE/CaGe-10Dja.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CaGe-10Dja.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CaGe-10Dja.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | 1505.68 | CA2GE_C37 (x(Ge) 0.33333) + CA5GE3_D8L (x(Ge) 0.375) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.42449) |
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | 1505.68 | CA2GE_C37 (x(Ge) 0.33333) + CA5GE3_D8L (x(Ge) 0.375) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.42452) |
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | 1505.68 | CA2GE_C37 (x(Ge) 0.33333) + CA5GE3_D8L (x(Ge) 0.375) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.42446) |
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | 1441.44 | CA5GE3_D8L (x(Ge) 0.375) + CA7GE6 (x(Ge) 0.46154) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.46824) |
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | 1441.43 | CA5GE3_D8L (x(Ge) 0.375) + CA7GE6 (x(Ge) 0.46154) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.46847) |
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | 1441.43 | CA5GE3_D8L (x(Ge) 0.375) + CA7GE6 (x(Ge) 0.46154) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.46848) |
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | 1439.85 | CA7GE6 (x(Ge) 0.46154) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.47548) + CAGE_B33 (x(Ge) 0.5) |
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | 1439.85 | CA7GE6 (x(Ge) 0.46154) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.47571) + CAGE_B33 (x(Ge) 0.5) |
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | 1114.73 | CAGE_B33 (x(Ge) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.65452) + CAGE2_C12 (x(Ge) 0.66667) |
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | 1114.73 | CAGE_B33 (x(Ge) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.65441) + CAGE2_C12 (x(Ge) 0.66667) |
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | 1049.96 | BCC_A2 (x(Ge) 0) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.02846) + CA2GE_C37 (x(Ge) 0.33333) |
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | 1045.38 | CAGE2_C12 (x(Ge) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.77858) + DIAMOND_A4 (x(Ge) 1) |
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | 1045.38 | CAGE2_C12 (x(Ge) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ge) 0.7786) + DIAMOND_A4 (x(Ge) 1) |
| CaGe-10Dja.tdb | 716.03 | BCC_A2 (x(Ge) 0) + FCC_A1 (x(Ge) 0) + CA2GE_C37 (x(Ge) 0.33333) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/CA/CA-GE.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/CA/CA-GE.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Ca–Ge system (15)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1513 | Liq + Ca2Ge ↔ Ca5Ge3 | Liq: Ge 0.4; Ca2Ge: Ge 0.3333; Ca5Ge3: Ge 0.375 | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Palenzona 2002_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2802%2900326-2) | Table 2, p. 4, row 7; `ORC-A6DMPM7UTT` |  |
| 1505.59 | Liq + Ca2Ge ↔ Ca5Ge3 | Liq: Ge 0.4245; Ca2Ge: Ge 0.3333; Ca5Ge3: Ge 0.375 | model | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 2, p. 4, row 8; `ORC-N7DQGA76EG` |  |
| 1443 | Liq + Ca5Ge3 ↔ Ca7Ge6 | Liq: Ge 0.462; Ca5Ge3: Ge 0.375; Ca7Ge6: Ge 0.46 | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Palenzona 2002_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2802%2900326-2) | Table 2, p. 4, row 9; `ORC-FBC5JVHHSG` |  |
| 1440.6 | Liq + Ca5Ge3 ↔ Ca7Ge6 | Liq: Ge 0.4688; Ca5Ge3: Ge 0.375; Ca7Ge6: Ge 0.46 | model | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 2, p. 4, row 10; `ORC-JBOPLJIEHK` |  |
| 1439.19 | Liq ↔ Ca7Ge6 + CaGe | Liq: Ge 0.4744; Ca7Ge6: Ge 0.46; CaGe: Ge 0.5 | model | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 2, p. 4, row 12; `ORC-Q6TRMUNTF5` |  |
| 1428 | Liq ↔ Ca7Ge6 + CaGe | Liq: Ge 0.474; Ca7Ge6: Ge 0.46; CaGe: Ge 0.5 | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Palenzona 2002_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2802%2900326-2) | Table 2, p. 4, row 11; `ORC-SXYTGSFS6P` |  |
| 1115.82 | Liq ↔ CaGe + CaGe2 | Liq: Ge 0.6543; CaGe: Ge 0.5; CaGe2: Ge 0.6666 | model | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 2, p. 4, row 17; `ORC-RR4TU7V4H5` |  |
| 1113 | Liq ↔ CaGe + CaGe2 | Liq: Ge 0.654; CaGe: Ge 0.5; CaGe2: Ge 0.6666 | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Palenzona 2002_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2802%2900326-2) | Table 2, p. 4, row 16; `ORC-VP65NIYZUF` |  |
| 1103 | Liq ↔ CaGe + CaGe2 | Liq: Ge 0.71; CaGe: Ge 0.5; CaGe2: Ge 0.6666 | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 2, p. 4, row 15; `ORC-HV2KNXCGP6` |  |
| 1073 | Liq ↔ βCa + Ca2Ge | Liq: Ge 0.026; βCa: Ge 0; Ca2Ge: Ge 0.3333 | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 2, p. 4, row 1; `ORC-RZI3BU7AE7` |  |
| 1053 | Liq ↔ βCa + Ca2Ge | Liq: Ge 0.032; βCa: Ge 0; Ca2Ge: Ge 0.3333 | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Palenzona 2002_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2802%2900326-2) | Table 2, p. 4, row 2; `ORC-U7YFEAUDVX` |  |
| 1050.13 | Liq ↔ βCa + Ca2Ge | Liq: Ge 0.0282; βCa: Ge 0; Ca2Ge: Ge 0.3333 | model | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 2, p. 4, row 3; `ORC-F2EVYGVYTG` |  |
| 1046.22 | Liq ↔ CaGe2 + Ge | Liq: Ge 0.779; CaGe2: Ge 0.6666; Ge: Ge 1 | model | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 2, p. 4, row 22; `ORC-NKED3BQGLD` |  |
| 1033 | Liq ↔ CaGe2 + Ge | Liq: Ge 0.76; CaGe2: Ge 0.6666; Ge: Ge 1 | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 2, p. 4, row 20; `ORC-7CRQWONU7K` |  |
| 1018 | Liq ↔ CaGe2 + Ge | Liq: Ge 0.759; CaGe2: Ge 0.6666; Ge: Ge 1 | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Palenzona 2002_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2802%2900326-2) | Table 2, p. 4, row 21; `ORC-UKYPRR3YHG` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Ca–Ge system (19)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Ca2Ge |  | -58.9 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | DFT |  |  | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Yang 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2009.11.007) | Table 3, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-4J47CMHRZC.770a03` |  |
| Ca2Ge | [Ca2Ge](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ca2Ge.html) | -56.14 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | model | -59.236 (mp-aaaaaals) | -60.522 (oqmd-7763) | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites F 1988_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-CQEQLRJEQN.30e3fb` |  |
| Ca2Ge | [Ca2Ge](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ca2Ge.html) | -55.1 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | model | -59.236 (mp-aaaaaals) | -60.522 (oqmd-7763) | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 3, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-VLRJXEGURG.2e558e` |  |
| Ca5Ge3 | [Ca5Ge3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ca5Ge3.html) | -65.3 kJ/mol-atom ± 5.7 | 1000 | experimental | -60.591 (mp-aaaaacum) | -61.726 (oqmd-7694) | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Mejbar 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-CQ22GU36LI.039803` |  |
| Ca5Ge3 | [Ca5Ge3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ca5Ge3.html) | -62.59 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | model | -60.591 (mp-aaaaacum) | -61.726 (oqmd-7694) | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites F 1988_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-GEUGE7XHS2.4fef32` |  |
| Ca5Ge3 |  | -60.4 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | DFT |  |  | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Yang 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2009.11.007) | Table 3, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-IIT6KF7JMN.27bb5e` |  |
| Ca5Ge3 | [Ca5Ge3](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ca5Ge3.html) | -59.8 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | model | -60.591 (mp-aaaaacum) | -61.726 (oqmd-7694) | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 3, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-LXLW2SQDWE.12cf58` |  |
| Ca7Ge6 | [Ca7Ge6](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ca7Ge6.html) | -73.34 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | model | -61.36 (mp-aaaaaynj) | -62.5 (oqmd-83101) | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites F 1988_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-I3TB5D6IMA.796c3c` |  |
| Ca7Ge6 | [Ca7Ge6](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Ca7Ge6.html) | -66.9 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | model | -61.36 (mp-aaaaaynj) | -62.5 (oqmd-83101) | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 3, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-DCWEGUBHZF.cf736d` |  |
| Ca7Ge6 |  | -61.4 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | DFT |  |  | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Yang 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2009.11.007) | Table 3, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-RWVAV7HYLK.57f200` |  |
| CaGe | [CaGe](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/CaGe.html) | -76.3627 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | model | -63.815 (mp-aaaaadmu) | -64.906 (oqmd-7940) | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites F 1988_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 21; `ORC-TJY24Q5HKH` |  |
| CaGe | [CaGe](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/CaGe.html) | -67.8 kJ/mol-atom ± 2.8 | 1000 | experimental | -63.815 (mp-aaaaadmu) | -64.906 (oqmd-7940) | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Mejbar 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 12; `ORC-4AWU77RDY6.8a28e1` |  |
| CaGe |  | -64.3 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | DFT |  |  | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Yang 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2009.11.007) | Table 3, p. 5, row 14; `ORC-K426BH4XRY.36722f` |  |
| CaGe | [CaGe](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/CaGe.html) | -63.9 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | model | -63.815 (mp-aaaaadmu) | -64.906 (oqmd-7940) | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 3, p. 5, row 16; `ORC-ZYIRYGIEJZ.58b0f8` |  |
| CaGe | [CaGe](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/CaGe.html) | -57.5 kJ/mol-atom ± 10 | 1000 | experimental | -63.815 (mp-aaaaadmu) | -64.906 (oqmd-7940) | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Mejbar 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 13; `ORC-JANYTACZLZ.6ff909` |  |
| CaGe2 | [CaGe2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/CaGe2.html) | -70.11 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | model | -46.529 (mp-aaabghlg) | -47.72 (oqmd-13940) | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites F 1988_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 19; `ORC-DRCJHHHYBW.574fa4` |  |
| CaGe2 | [CaGe2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/CaGe2.html) | -49.7 kJ/mol-atom ± 1.9 | 1000 | experimental | -46.529 (mp-aaabghlg) | -47.72 (oqmd-13940) | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Mejbar 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 17; `ORC-PIKG6SPBNM.9def52` |  |
| CaGe2 | [CaGe2](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/CaGe2.html) | -48.5 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | model | -46.529 (mp-aaabghlg) | -47.72 (oqmd-13940) | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 3, p. 5, row 20; `ORC-44IQ3WWXJ4.7dc601` |  |
| CaGe2 |  | -46.8 kJ/mol-atom | 1000 | DFT |  |  | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Yang 2010_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2009.11.007) | Table 3, p. 5, row 18; `ORC-A357ENM7FE.09123e` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (7)

Table: Phase transition, Ca–Ge system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 1117.35 K | 1117.35 | Liq ↔ CaGe2; _Liq: Ge 0.6666; CaGe2: Ge 0.6666_ | model | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 2, p. 4, row 19; `ORC-PBFHKGBRX3` |  |
| Phase transition | 1118 K | 1118 | Liq ↔ CaGe2; _Liq: Ge 0.6666; CaGe2: Ge 0.6666_ | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Palenzona 2002_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2802%2900326-2) | Table 2, p. 4, row 18; `ORC-GESIDZMHE5` |  |
| Phase transition | 1447.7 K | 1447.7 | Liq ↔ CaGe; _Liq: Ge 0.5; CaGe: Ge 0.5_ | model | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 2, p. 4, row 14; `ORC-7BLLF3ODXF` |  |
| Phase transition | 1483 K | 1483 | Liq ↔ CaGe; _Liq: Ge 0.5; CaGe: Ge 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Palenzona 2002_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2802%2900326-2) | Table 2, p. 4, row 13; `ORC-AVDZTJ244B` |  |
| Phase transition | 1579.6 K | 1579.6 | Liq ↔ Ca2Ge; _Liq: Ge 0.3333; Ca2Ge: Ge 0.3333_ | model | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 2, p. 4, row 6; `ORC-JURVLYXTIQ` |  |
| Phase transition | 1583 K | 1583 | Liq ↔ Ca2Ge; _Liq: Ge 0.3333; Ca2Ge: Ge 0.3333_ | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Palenzona 2002_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2802%2900326-2) | Table 2, p. 4, row 5; `ORC-KWLXR6BNPC` |  |
| Phase transition | 1653 K | 1653 | Liq ↔ Ca2Ge; _Liq: Ge 0.3333; Ca2Ge: Ge 0.3333_ | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Massalski 1990_ | Table 2, p. 4, row 4; `ORC-775NNTEO5D` |  |

### Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy (9)

Table: Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy, Ca–Ge system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gibbs energy | -60.5 kJ/mol ± 3.6 | 1000 | Ca2Ge; _alloy: Ge 0.333333_ | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Mejbar 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-JYK7VLQ3DM.2f9540` |  |
| Gibbs energy | -57.93 kJ/mol | 1000 | Ca2Ge; _alloy: Ge 0.333333_ | model | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 3, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-VLRJXEGURG.19da49` |  |
| Gibbs energy | -62.6 kJ/mol ± 2.7 | 1000 | Ca5Ge3; _alloy: Ge 0.375_ | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Mejbar 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-CQ22GU36LI.03379c` |  |
| Gibbs energy | -59.61 kJ/mol | 1000 | Ca5Ge3; _alloy: Ge 0.375_ | model | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 3, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-LXLW2SQDWE.4a6bd0` |  |
| Gibbs energy | -61.13 kJ/mol | 1000 | Ca7Ge6; _alloy: Ge 0.461538_ | model | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 3, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-DCWEGUBHZF.311902` |  |
| Gibbs energy | -62.8 kJ/mol ± 1 | 1000 | CaGe; _alloy: Ge 0.5_ | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Mejbar 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 12; `ORC-4AWU77RDY6.719a92` |  |
| Gibbs energy | -59.83 kJ/mol | 1000 | CaGe; _alloy: Ge 0.5_ | model | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 3, p. 5, row 16; `ORC-ZYIRYGIEJZ.424341` |  |
| Gibbs energy | -44.02 kJ/mol | 1000 | CaGe2; _alloy: Ge 0.666667_ | model | [1] Djaballah 2010 | Table 3, p. 5, row 20; `ORC-44IQ3WWXJ4.52d6de` |  |
| Gibbs energy | -47.2 kJ/mol ± 0.7 | 1000 | CaGe2; _alloy: Ge 0.666667_ | experimental | [1] Djaballah 2010; _cites Mejbar 1993_ | Table 3, p. 5, row 17; `ORC-PIKG6SPBNM.41a532` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Y. Djaballah, A. Pasturel, A. Belgacem-Bouzida, Thermodynamic assessment of the calcium–germanium system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 497, 74-79 (2010). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.02.189](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.02.189)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).