# Cd–Pb system

> Cd–Pb system: 45 accepted literature values (phase equilibrium 19, phase transition 17, invariant reaction 9) and 3 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CD-PB.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CD-PB.md

45 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 40, model 4, unspecified 1); 3 calculated phase diagram(s). 41 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/CD-PB.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CD-PB.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#CD-PB) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CD-PB/CdPb-09Liu.json) · [phases (4)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CD-PB.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/CD-PB.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CD-PB.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 40 |
| model | 4 |
| unspecified | 1 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 9 |
| phase transition | 17 |
| phase equilibrium | 19 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| CdPb-09Liu.tdb | Y. Liu, L. Zhang, D. Yu, J. Electron. Mater., 38, 2033-45(2009). [doi:10.1007/s11664-009-0875-3](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-009-0875-3) | `fd9f4bfb9f06e5d0584ac54b296b4d0ebaeacae2de4f9988678ded0851d8315d` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CD-PB/CdPb-09Liu.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CdPb-09Liu.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CdPb-09Liu.json) |
| CdPb-13Chu.tdb | Y.-Y. Chuang, J.-S. Paik, C. Zhang, J.H. Perepezko, Y.A. Chang, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 44A, 3004-13(2013). [doi:10.1007/s11661-013-1652-8](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1652-8) | `e09248547e361e2b33e8d8587e74103891960b3a34b38254d85b0d10a9f94010` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CD-PB/CdPb-13Chu.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CdPb-13Chu.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CdPb-13Chu.json) |
| CdPb-95Zak-LB.tdb | W. Zakulski, Z. Moser, J. Phase Equilib., 16, 239-42(1995). [doi:10.1007/BF02667308](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02667308) | `38bd375c9b9bc5556ecb488fb5cc7109261f0bfc9bf1a0e8d06127b4fe76b026` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CD-PB/CdPb-95Zak-LB.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CdPb-95Zak-LB.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CdPb-95Zak-LB.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| CdPb-09Liu.tdb | 519.41 | HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 5.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.70083) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.94831) |
| CdPb-09Liu.tdb | 519.41 | HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 5.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.70081) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.9483) |
| CdPb-13Chu.tdb | 548.22 | HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 9.600e-4) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.25472) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.45114) |
| CdPb-13Chu.tdb | 519.88 | HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 7.700e-4) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.71663) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.937) |
| CdPb-95Zak-LB.tdb | 521.24 | HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 5.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.7198) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.94298) |
| CdPb-95Zak-LB.tdb | 521.24 | HCP_A3 (x(Pb) 5.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.71978) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.94298) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/CD/CD-PB.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/CD/CD-PB.json) · [CALPHAD hull CdPb-09Liu](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CD/CD-PB--CdPb-09Liu.json) · [CALPHAD hull CdPb-95Zak-LB](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CD/CD-PB--CdPb-95Zak-LB.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Cd–Pb system (9)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 548 | monotectic: L1 = L2 + hcp | L1: Pb 0.2547; L2: Pb 0.4511; hcp: Pb 9.600e-4 | model | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table II, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-ZHAUQL2FSB` |  |
| 521 | eutectic: L = fcc + hcp | L: Pb 0.719; fcc: Pb 0.941; hcp: Pb 0 | unspecified | [1] Chuang 2013; _cites Ashtakala 1981_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02873710) | Table II, p. 6, row 1; `ORC-724RIZVVOO` |  |
| 521 | liq ↔ hcp + fcc | liq: Pb 0.719; fcc: Pb 0.941 | experimental | [2] Liu 2009; _cites Rollason 1938_ | Table VI, p. 10, row 3; `ORC-A4KFHYHSJW` |  |
| 521 | liq ↔ hcp + fcc | liq: Pb 0.719 | experimental | [2] Liu 2009; _cites Goebel 1923_ | Table VI, p. 10, row 2; `ORC-LHLEZOQ2RA` |  |
| 521 | liq ↔ hcp + fcc | liq: Pb 0.719; fcc: Pb 0.941 | experimental | [2] Liu 2009; _cites Schuermann 1959_ | Table VI, p. 10, row 4; `ORC-UQEVMOQ5WE` |  |
| 520.9 | liq ↔ hcp + fcc | fcc: Pb 0.945 | experimental | [2] Liu 2009; _cites Schuffenecker 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2880%2987151-6) | Table VI, p. 10, row 5; `ORC-TZPNS7NSAP` |  |
| 520 | eutectic: L = fcc + hcp | L: Pb 0.717; fcc: Pb 0.937; hcp: Pb 7.700e-4 | model | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table II, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-DO6FSOOVPZ` |  |
| 519.41 | liq ↔ hcp + fcc | liq: Pb 0.7; fcc: Pb 0.948 | model | [2] Liu 2009 | Table VI, p. 10, row 1; `ORC-4PWZUY54LW` |  |
| 507 | monotectic: L1 = L2 + fcc | L1: Pb 0.6193; L2: Pb 0.1479; fcc: Pb 0.9362 | model | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table II, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-T2U2MUF55X` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (17)

Table: Phase transition, Cd–Pb system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 517 K | 517 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.811, Pb 0.189_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 47; `ORC-2U4YCKAYCP` |  |
| Phase transition | 518 K | 518 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.36, Pb 0.64_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 15; `ORC-2A6OJXHLLS` |  |
| Phase transition | 518 K | 518 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.441, Pb 0.559_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 22; `ORC-6NWI7BL5FH` |  |
| Phase transition | 518 K | 518 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.752, Pb 0.248_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 42; `ORC-7ZJHVK3TCP` |  |
| Phase transition | 518 K | 518 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.943, Pb 0.057_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 61; `ORC-IP5MTT2DGK` |  |
| Phase transition | 518 K | 518 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.665, Pb 0.335_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 34; `ORC-OV5TUFTR4H` |  |
| Phase transition | 518 K | 518 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.3, Pb 0.7_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 13; `ORC-PTHFN7NSPB` |  |
| Phase transition | 518 K | 518 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.28, Pb 0.72_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 9; `ORC-UOCWSM6VIL` |  |
| Phase transition | 519 K | 519 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.551, Pb 0.449_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 26; `ORC-5RFNWE5HRQ` |  |
| Phase transition | 519 K | 519 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.88, Pb 0.12_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 52; `ORC-U5EGF7PYR3` |  |
| Phase transition | 520 K | 520 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.17, Pb 0.83_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 3; `ORC-3MGZUQPBHD` |  |
| Phase transition | 520 K | 520 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.734, Pb 0.266_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 39; `ORC-EWATUFNSR7` |  |
| Phase transition | 520 K | 520 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.38, Pb 0.62_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 18; `ORC-O47W4IBJ5N` |  |
| Phase transition | 520 K | 520 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.9, Pb 0.1_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 57; `ORC-RGHAYODVTQ` |  |
| Phase transition | 521 K | 521 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.245, Pb 0.755_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 5; `ORC-DE6S3WTERR` |  |
| Phase transition | 521 K | 521 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.71, Pb 0.29_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 36; `ORC-GOITNHA2DP` |  |
| Phase transition | 521 K | 521 | eutectic: stable eutectic temperature; _alloy: Cd 0.648, Pb 0.352_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 30; `ORC-R2LPC2HMW7` |  |

### Phase equilibrium (19)

Table: Phase equilibrium, Cd–Pb system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase composition |  | 518 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.28, Pb 0.72_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 8; `ORC-Y5YVX3E25Y` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 524 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.3, Pb 0.7_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 12; `ORC-PPDZFCTK76` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 524 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.245, Pb 0.755_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 4; `ORC-ZPCXUFYVWD` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 533 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.36, Pb 0.64_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 14; `ORC-G2HUWS5A36` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 534 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.38, Pb 0.62_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 17; `ORC-XLYR66BB2Z` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 536 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.441, Pb 0.559_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 21; `ORC-LVUNDIWWIQ` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 541 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.17, Pb 0.83_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 2; `ORC-T2PPC5H3WC` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 544 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.551, Pb 0.449_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 25; `ORC-QPA5T7U62K` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 546 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.665, Pb 0.335_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 33; `ORC-3JYC7DPWMA` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 548 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.648, Pb 0.352_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 29; `ORC-CEWXEKGUXB` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 548 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.71, Pb 0.29_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 35; `ORC-XN3TS4S47V` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 550 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.734, Pb 0.266_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 37; `ORC-DK64CWTNXP` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 551 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.811, Pb 0.189_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 45; `ORC-TUKNUULK5Y` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 552 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.752, Pb 0.248_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 40; `ORC-UOJRFEGTBM` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 560 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.88, Pb 0.12_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 50; `ORC-I7ESO6LYJG` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 562 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.9, Pb 0.1_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 55; `ORC-CG2AOVIZC5` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 573.2 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 0.943, Pb 0.057_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 59; `ORC-RO7L7GTYKD` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 594.3 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Cd 1, Pb 0_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 62; `ORC-5SJCO7H4Y2` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 600.7 | other: liquidus temperature; _liquid: Pb 0_ | experimental | [1] Chuang 2013 | Table III, p. 9, row 1; `ORC-CYNLXK2M7I` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Ying-Yu Chuang, J.-S. Paik, C. Zhang, J. H. Perepezko, Y. A. Chang, Stable and Metastable Equilibria in the Pb-Cd System, Metall Mater Trans A 44, 3004-3013 (2013). [doi:10.1007/s11661-013-1652-8](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1652-8)
2. Yajun Liu, Lijun Zhang, Di Yu, Thermodynamic Descriptions for the Cd-Te, Pb-Te, Cd-Pb and Cd-Pb-Te Systems, Journal of Elec Materi 38, 2033-2045 (2009). [doi:10.1007/s11664-009-0875-3](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-009-0875-3)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).