# Ce–Cu–Sn system

> Ce–Cu–Sn system: 141 accepted literature values (crystal structure 75, invariant reaction 51, phase transition 8, formation 7) and 0 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

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141 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 12, model 83, DFT 42, unspecified 4); 0 calculated phase diagram(s).

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Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 12 |
| model | 83 |
| DFT | 42 |
| unspecified | 4 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 51 |
| phase transition | 8 |
| formation | 7 |
| crystal structure | 75 |

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Ce–Cu–Sn system (51)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1518.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ4=τ5+Ce11Sn10 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 2; `ORC-HM647DST73` |  |
| 1476.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ4=τ2+Ce5Sn4 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 3; `ORC-LOWEYJMR4B` |  |
| 1440.15 | eutectic: Liquid=Ce3Sn5+Ce11Sn10+τ5 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 4; `ORC-VQIM7XSMEZ` |  |
| 1412.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ4=τ8+τ2 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 5; `ORC-ZYXINTMFNG` |  |
| 1410.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Ce11Sn10=Ce5Sn4+τ4 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 1; `ORC-RTGGFAPPKT` |  |
| 1408.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+CeSn3=τ5+Ce2Sn5 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 6; `ORC-3GXAJUI7WZ` |  |
| 1405.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Ce2Sn5=Ce3Sn7+τ5 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 7; `ORC-IN32FZV2VF` |  |
| 1404.15 | eutectic: Liquid=Ce3Sn7+Ce5Sn3+τ5 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 8; `ORC-4XI44Z4V5E` |  |
| 1403.15 | peritectic: Liquid+τ4+τ5=τ6 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 9; `ORC-UMRNNJQRNQ` |  |
| 1402.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ4=τ6+τ8 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 10; `ORC-X5PVMHR2WP` |  |
| 1251.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Ce5Sn4=τ2+Ce5Sn3 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 11; `ORC-H7FPAHOEP5` |  |
| 1238.15 | peritectic: Liquid+Ce5Sn3+τ2=τ1 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 12; `ORC-XFFS2VYNSW` |  |
| 1184.15 | peritectic: Liquid+τ2+τ8=τ9 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 13; `ORC-LK7VBQXEEC` |  |
| 1151.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ2=τ9+CeCu6 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 14; `ORC-LO2VGKEFSO` |  |
| 1149.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ8=τ9+Fcc_A1 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 15; `ORC-W3AG6B2A4O` |  |
| 1123.15 | eutectic: Liquid=Fcc_A1+CeCu6+τ9 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 16; `ORC-V6CZ4Y3SWR` |  |
| 1110.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Cu3Sn=τ6+DO3 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 26; `ORC-RI4MM7PWW2` |  |
| 1071.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Fcc_A1=τ8+Bcc_A2 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 17; `ORC-XTXGBRX6TO` |  |
| 1057.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+CeCu6=τ2+CeCu5 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 18; `ORC-5MDTU4YAVW` |  |
| 1055.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Cu5Ce=τ2+Cu4Ce | L: Ce 0.25, Cu 0.74; Liquid: Ce 0.25, Cu 0.74 | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 5, p. 7, row 1; `ORC-E2LX4MJ42L` |  |
| 1055.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+CeCu5=CeCu4+τ2 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 19; `ORC-YE5MNOTIUQ` |  |
| 1054.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ2=τ1+CeCu2 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 20; `ORC-RXSAOZIXON` |  |
| 1054.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ2=Cu2Ce+τ1 | L: Ce 0.38, Cu 0.59; Liquid: Ce 0.38, Cu 0.59 | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 5, p. 7, row 3; `ORC-YLRWAO5ZSX` |  |
| 1053.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Cu5Ce=τ2+Cu4Ce | L: Ce 0.23, Cu 0.75; Liquid: Ce 0.23, Cu 0.75 | experimental | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 5, p. 7, row 2; `ORC-VT74DTNHM7` |  |
| 1048.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ2=Cu2Ce+τ1 | L: Ce 0.41, Cu 0.56; Liquid: Ce 0.41, Cu 0.56 | experimental | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 5, p. 7, row 4; `ORC-OUSE75GZQP` |  |
| 1036.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ1=Cu2Ce+Ce5Sn3 | L: Ce 0.42, Cu 0.55; Liquid: Ce 0.42, Cu 0.55 | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 5, p. 7, row 5; `ORC-4BOIRHVY2E` |  |
| 1036.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ1=CeCu2+Ce5Sn3 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 21; `ORC-VLVTBAEETJ` |  |
| 1034.15 | eutectic: Liquid=τ2+Cu2Ce+Cu4Ce | L: Ce 0.27, Cu 0.72; Liquid: Ce 0.27, Cu 0.72 | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 5, p. 7, row 7; `ORC-K2OHDJR2OR` |  |
| 1034.15 | eutectic: Liquid=τ2+Cu2Ce+Cu4Ce |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 22; `ORC-KCDCU4LJKJ` |  |
| 1033.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ1=Cu2Ce+Ce5Sn3 | L: Ce 0.425, Cu 0.545; Liquid: Ce 0.425, Cu 0.545 | experimental | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 5, p. 7, row 6; `ORC-EVTUVTICCD` |  |
| 1028.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Bcc_A2=τ8+DO3 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 23; `ORC-H34WYFRBTI` |  |
| 1013.15 | eutectic: Liquid=τ2+Cu2Ce+Cu4Ce | L: Ce 0.25, Cu 0.73; Liquid: Ce 0.25, Cu 0.73 | experimental | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 5, p. 7, row 8; `ORC-CPC6IWFNDX` |  |
| 1010.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ8=τ6+DO3 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 24; `ORC-2A56MPESFB` |  |
| 972.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Bcc_A2=CeSn3+Fcc_A1 | L: Ce 0.91, Cu 0.05; Liquid: Ce 0.91, Cu 0.05 | experimental | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 5, p. 7, row 10; `ORC-7K344GJIJP` |  |
| 957.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Bcc_A2=CeSn3+Fcc_A1 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 25; `ORC-AMZVV7R5MG` |  |
| 957.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Bcc_A2=CeSn3+Fcc_A1 | L: Ce 0.9, Cu 0.06; Liquid: Ce 0.9, Cu 0.06 | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 5, p. 7, row 9; `ORC-ZHAYBXS4OA` |  |
| 837.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ5=τ6+CeSn3 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 27; `ORC-VTUF5D7LFI` |  |
| 830.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ7=τ6+Cu3Sn |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 28; `ORC-4SPBTSHNAS` |  |
| 803.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Ce5Sn3=Cu2Ce+Ce3Sn | L: Ce 0.56, Cu 0.42; Liquid: Ce 0.56, Cu 0.42 | experimental | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 5, p. 7, row 12; `ORC-JIUQP44K5M` |  |
| 783.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Cu2Ce=Ce3Sn+CuCe | L: Ce 0.595, Cu 0.395; Liquid: Ce 0.595, Cu 0.395 | experimental | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 5, p. 7, row 14; `ORC-UJSGW6O47F` |  |
| 771.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Ce5Sn3=Cu2Ce+Ce3Sn | L: Ce 0.61, Cu 0.36; Liquid: Ce 0.61, Cu 0.36 | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 5, p. 7, row 11; `ORC-CI24SC7XPV` |  |
| 770.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Ce5Sn3=CeCu2+Ce3Sn |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 29; `ORC-WFAP3X3WFH` |  |
| 765.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Cu2Ce=Ce3Sn+CuCe | L: Ce 0.61, Cu 0.36; Liquid: Ce 0.61, Cu 0.36 | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 5, p. 7, row 13; `ORC-URNIW2T2OU` |  |
| 765.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+CeCu2=CeCu+CeSn3 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 30; `ORC-W3P35OGHCM` |  |
| 760.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+τ6=τ7+CeSn3 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 31; `ORC-SM75TLJKM2` |  |
| 693.15 | eutectic: Liquid=Ce3Sn+CuCe+Fcc_A1 | L: Ce 0.71, Cu 0.275; Liquid: Ce 0.71, Cu 0.275 | experimental | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 5, p. 7, row 16; `ORC-KPNSH52X3L` |  |
| 688.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+Cu3Sn=τ7+HCu6Sn5 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 32; `ORC-RPLQTQWLK5` |  |
| 687.15 | eutectic: Liquid=Ce3Sn+CeCu+Fcc_A1 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 33; `ORC-BQF7HAJUWY` |  |
| 687.15 | eutectic: Liquid=Ce3Sn+CuCe+Fcc_A1 | L: Ce 0.74, Cu 0.23; Liquid: Ce 0.74, Cu 0.23 | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 5, p. 7, row 15; `ORC-M7HWOZ7EYU` |  |
| 501.15 | quasi-peritectic: Liquid+CeSn3=Bct_A5+τ7 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 34; `ORC-LWEZCSQNWF` |  |
| 500.15 | eutectic: Liquid=Bct_A5+HCu6Sn5+τ7 |  | model | [1] Li 2013 | Table 4, p. 7, row 35; `ORC-7S6H5GB6C3` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Ce–Cu–Sn system (7)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| τ1—Ce5CuSn3 |  | -66.441 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-M732RRAKWB.0c0585` |  |
| τ2—CeCuSn |  | -63.066 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-FXLJAQAK6R.60f666` |  |
| τ2—CeCuSn2 |  | -63.066 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-FXLJAQAK6R.213e4f` |  |
| τ3—Ce3Cu4Sn4 |  | -58.915 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-MM5JG6BHYT.1517c5` |  |
| τ6—CeCu2Sn2 |  | -51.578 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 26; `ORC-BSOBVK222H.18e780` |  |
| τ8—Ce2Cu9Sn3 |  | -26.662 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 29; `ORC-7AJPP2GYFL.3104e5` |  |
| τ9—CeCu5Sn |  | -25.691 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 31; `ORC-34SAX3SCGF.2c49fb` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (8)

Table: Phase transition, Ce–Cu–Sn system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 965.15 K | 965.15 | other: 1; _alloy: Ce 0.9, Cu 0.03, Sn 0.07_ | unspecified | [1] Li 2013 | Table 6, p. 8, row 2; `ORC-HOEVRLVXCA` |  |
| Phase transition | 978.15 K | 978.15 | other: 1; _alloy: Ce 0.9, Cu 0.03, Sn 0.07_ | experimental | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 6, p. 8, row 1; `ORC-KNHYDMC46Y` |  |
| Phase transition | 1073.15 K | 1073.15 | other: 2; _alloy: Cu 0.65_ | unspecified | [1] Li 2013 | Table 6, p. 8, row 4; `ORC-OJHUFB6O74` |  |
| Phase transition | 1073.15 K | 1073.15 | other: 2; _alloy: Cu 0.65_ | experimental | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 6, p. 8, row 3; `ORC-RCJRYCYGKG` |  |
| Phase transition | 1203.15 K | 1203.15 | other: 3; _alloy: Ce 0.435, Cu 0.48, Sn 0.085_ | experimental | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 6, p. 8, row 5; `ORC-7P52WD3TWR` |  |
| Phase transition | 1208.15 K | 1208.15 | other: 3; _alloy: Ce 0.435, Cu 0.48, Sn 0.085_ | unspecified | [1] Li 2013 | Table 6, p. 8, row 6; `ORC-J74OQGZJY6` |  |
| Phase transition | 1273.15 K | 1273.15 (>) | other: 4; _alloy: Ce 0.31, Cu 0.51, Sn 0.18_ | experimental | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 6, p. 8, row 7; `ORC-OCE6IW626I` |  |
| Phase transition | 1428.15 K | 1428.15 | other: 4; _alloy: Ce 0.31, Cu 0.51, Sn 0.18_ | unspecified | [1] Li 2013 | Table 6, p. 8, row 8; `ORC-FQT4QNZJXD` |  |

### Crystal structure (75)

Table: Crystal structure, Ce–Cu–Sn system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 9.486 Å | 0 | τ1—Ce5CuSn3 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-MKT2OKO6YO.96e9f8` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 9.661 Å | 0 | τ1—Ce5CuSn3 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-ZFGQFTGQ65.59c7ab` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 4.588 Å | 0 | τ2—CeCuSn | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-HDYMZJT4WY.d3cbab` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 4.624 Å | 0 | τ2—CeCuSn | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-MJ6TG6F4JK.f20183` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 4.588 Å | 0 | τ2—CeCuSn2 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-HDYMZJT4WY.f1ae2c` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 4.624 Å | 0 | τ2—CeCuSn2 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-MJ6TG6F4JK.76ebdc` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 15.282 Å | 0 | τ3—Ce3Cu4Sn4 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-CUVKW4XJM2.4148b3` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 15.108 Å | 0 | τ3—Ce3Cu4Sn4 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Marazza 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-9795%2895%2900026-7) | Table 1, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-WHN4U3HZ6C.4e39bd` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 4.5 Å | 0 | τ5—CeCu1−xSn2−y | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-4SK7E3EVUG.11b1ba` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 4.453 Å | 0 | τ6—CeCu2Sn2 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 25; `ORC-GXQME7U4F2.72f431` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 4.526 Å | 0 | τ6—CeCu2Sn2 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 26; `ORC-NL4Q2TZ4E6.718879` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 12.21 Å | 0 | τ7—CeCu9Sn4 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 27; `ORC-PZJVMVPIBA.22848b` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 10.817 Å | 0 | τ8—Ce2Cu9Sn3 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 29; `ORC-7BUOUM2Y32.b9f577` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 10.669 Å | 0 | τ8—Ce2Cu9Sn3 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 28; `ORC-YLO35BFUD5.5f0c5a` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 8.323 Å | 0 | τ9—CeCu5Sn | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 30; `ORC-E366XQNTDF.ded633` |  |
| Lattice a; _printed: a_ | 8.438 Å | 0 | τ9—CeCu5Sn | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 31; `ORC-OIAVZOPVL6.c5bf1d` |  |
| Lattice b; _printed: b_ | 9.661 Å | 0 | τ1—Ce5CuSn3 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-ZFGQFTGQ65.649d67` |  |
| Lattice b; _printed: b_ | 4.624 Å | 0 | τ2—CeCuSn | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-MJ6TG6F4JK.7a4c51` |  |
| Lattice b; _printed: b_ | 7.099 Å | 0 | τ3—Ce3Cu4Sn4 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-CUVKW4XJM2.91115c` |  |
| Lattice b; _printed: b_ | 7.026 Å | 0 | τ3—Ce3Cu4Sn4 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Marazza 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-9795%2895%2900026-7) | Table 1, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-WHN4U3HZ6C.494458` |  |
| Lattice b; _printed: b_ | 4.526 Å | 0 | τ6—CeCu2Sn2 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 26; `ORC-NL4Q2TZ4E6.a09ced` |  |
| Lattice b; _printed: b_ | 7.402 Å | 0 | τ8—Ce2Cu9Sn3 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 29; `ORC-7BUOUM2Y32.299e5f` |  |
| Lattice b; _printed: b_ | 16.7341 Å | 0 | τ8—Ce2Cu9Sn3 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 28; `ORC-YLO35BFUD5.f171af` |  |
| Lattice b; _printed: b_ | 5.064 Å | 0 | τ9—CeCu5Sn | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 30; `ORC-E366XQNTDF.1d6703` |  |
| Lattice b; _printed: b_ | 5.133 Å | 0 | τ9—CeCu5Sn | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 31; `ORC-OIAVZOPVL6.c2fb2f` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 6.712 Å | 0 | τ1—Ce5CuSn3 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-MKT2OKO6YO.d17812` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 6.883 Å | 0 | τ1—Ce5CuSn3 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-ZFGQFTGQ65.ebb5b9` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 7.919 Å | 0 | τ2—CeCuSn | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-HDYMZJT4WY.4cfabe` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 8.009 Å | 0 | τ2—CeCuSn | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-MJ6TG6F4JK.26baed` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 7.919 Å | 0 | τ2—CeCuSn2 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-HDYMZJT4WY.aaf89b` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 8.009 Å | 0 | τ2—CeCuSn2 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-MJ6TG6F4JK.70c1ae` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 4.657 Å | 0 | τ3—Ce3Cu4Sn4 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-CUVKW4XJM2.4fb429` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 4.56 Å | 0 | τ3—Ce3Cu4Sn4 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Marazza 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-9795%2895%2900026-7) | Table 1, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-WHN4U3HZ6C.8ab3b0` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 10.47 Å | 0 | τ6—CeCu2Sn2 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 25; `ORC-GXQME7U4F2.ecf037` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 10.661 Å | 0 | τ6—CeCu2Sn2 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 26; `ORC-NL4Q2TZ4E6.71b9d6` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 5.196 Å | 0 | τ8—Ce2Cu9Sn3 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 29; `ORC-7BUOUM2Y32.5f81ce` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 5.066 Å | 0 | τ8—Ce2Cu9Sn3 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 28; `ORC-YLO35BFUD5.0982c7` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 10.597 Å | 0 | τ9—CeCu5Sn | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 30; `ORC-E366XQNTDF.f07465` |  |
| Lattice c; _printed: c_ | 10.729 Å | 0 | τ9—CeCu5Sn | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 31; `ORC-OIAVZOPVL6.c8636f` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a_ | 9.486 Å | 0 | τ1—Ce5CuSn3 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-MKT2OKO6YO.9790f3` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice c_ | 6.712 Å | 0 | τ1—Ce5CuSn3 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-MKT2OKO6YO.b95e86` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a_ | 9.661 Å | 0 | τ1—Ce5CuSn3 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-ZFGQFTGQ65.32bee3` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice c_ | 6.883 Å | 0 | τ1—Ce5CuSn3 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-ZFGQFTGQ65.ae92b3` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a_ | 4.588 Å | 0 | τ2—CeCuSn | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-HDYMZJT4WY.2cbc06` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice c_ | 7.919 Å | 0 | τ2—CeCuSn | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-HDYMZJT4WY.901bad` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice c_ | 8.009 Å | 0 | τ2—CeCuSn | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-MJ6TG6F4JK.24769a` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a_ | 4.624 Å | 0 | τ2—CeCuSn | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-MJ6TG6F4JK.50b67d` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice b_ | 7.099 Å | 0 | τ3—Ce3Cu4Sn4 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-CUVKW4XJM2.130814` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a_ | 15.282 Å | 0 | τ3—Ce3Cu4Sn4 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-CUVKW4XJM2.dc4669` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice c_ | 4.657 Å | 0 | τ3—Ce3Cu4Sn4 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-CUVKW4XJM2.ffa098` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice c_ | 4.56 Å | 0 | τ3—Ce3Cu4Sn4 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Marazza 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-9795%2895%2900026-7) | Table 1, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-WHN4U3HZ6C.46f277` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a_ | 15.108 Å | 0 | τ3—Ce3Cu4Sn4 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Marazza 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-9795%2895%2900026-7) | Table 1, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-WHN4U3HZ6C.ee4e06` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice b_ | 7.026 Å | 0 | τ3—Ce3Cu4Sn4 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Marazza 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-9795%2895%2900026-7) | Table 1, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-WHN4U3HZ6C.fe12e2` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a (printed range '4.395−4.52')_ | 4.395 Å | 0 | τ4—CeCuSn | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-4SK7E3EVUG.00c7ff` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice c (printed range '4.50−4.29')_ | 4.5 Å | 0 | τ4—CeCuSn | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-4SK7E3EVUG.2c12f6` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice b (printed range '1.785−1.780')_ | 1.785 Å | 0 | τ5—CeCu1−xSn2−y | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 32; `ORC-5IG3HZRHD4.bb7738` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a_ | 4.5 Å | 0 | τ5—CeCu1−xSn2−y | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 32; `ORC-5IG3HZRHD4.e85ca3` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice c (printed range '4.45-4.44')_ | 4.45 Å | 0 | τ5—CeCu1−xSn2−y | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 32; `ORC-5IG3HZRHD4.f3bdef` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice c_ | 10.47 Å | 0 | τ6—CeCu2Sn2 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 25; `ORC-GXQME7U4F2.52de44` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a_ | 4.453 Å | 0 | τ6—CeCu2Sn2 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 25; `ORC-GXQME7U4F2.58ec97` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice c_ | 10.661 Å | 0 | τ6—CeCu2Sn2 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 26; `ORC-NL4Q2TZ4E6.632826` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a_ | 4.526 Å | 0 | τ6—CeCu2Sn2 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 26; `ORC-NL4Q2TZ4E6.687999` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a_ | 12.21 Å | 0 | τ7—CeCu9Sn4 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 27; `ORC-PZJVMVPIBA.0f3c80` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice b_ | 7.402 Å | 0 | τ8—Ce2Cu9Sn3 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 29; `ORC-7BUOUM2Y32.0a4840` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a_ | 10.817 Å | 0 | τ8—Ce2Cu9Sn3 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 29; `ORC-7BUOUM2Y32.63d659` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice c_ | 5.196 Å | 0 | τ8—Ce2Cu9Sn3 | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 29; `ORC-7BUOUM2Y32.9649a7` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice c_ | 5.066 Å | 0 | τ8—Ce2Cu9Sn3 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 28; `ORC-YLO35BFUD5.397b82` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a_ | 10.669 Å | 0 | τ8—Ce2Cu9Sn3 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 28; `ORC-YLO35BFUD5.6fd04b` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice b_ | 16.7341 Å | 0 | τ8—Ce2Cu9Sn3 | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 28; `ORC-YLO35BFUD5.eccb34` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice b_ | 5.064 Å | 0 | τ9—CeCu5Sn | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 30; `ORC-E366XQNTDF.4505ee` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice c_ | 10.597 Å | 0 | τ9—CeCu5Sn | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 30; `ORC-E366XQNTDF.ab0c34` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a_ | 8.323 Å | 0 | τ9—CeCu5Sn | model | [1] Li 2013; _cites Riani 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497198770342256) | Table 1, p. 3, row 30; `ORC-E366XQNTDF.da8b4c` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice a_ | 8.438 Å | 0 | τ9—CeCu5Sn | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 31; `ORC-OIAVZOPVL6.2ce626` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice b_ | 5.133 Å | 0 | τ9—CeCu5Sn | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 31; `ORC-OIAVZOPVL6.c3ba4c` |  |
| lattice unspecified axis; _printed: lattice c_ | 10.729 Å | 0 | τ9—CeCu5Sn | DFT | [1] Li 2013 | Table 1, p. 3, row 31; `ORC-OIAVZOPVL6.f99add` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Juan Li, Xiaoma Tao, Sisi Dong, Feng Yang, Huashan Liu, Zhanpeng Jin et al., Thermodynamic assessment of Sn–Cu–Ce system, Calphad 43, 124-132 (2013). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2013.04.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2013.04.003)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).