Ce–O system

90 accepted literature values from 3 paper(s) (experimental 51, model 29, unspecified 10); 2 calculated phase diagram(s). 5 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: JSON · CSV · interactive explorer · interactive phase diagram · phases (19) · papers (bibliography) · Markdown

Accepted values by evidence class
Evidence classValues
experimental51
model29
unspecified10
Accepted values by property group
Property groupValues
invariant reaction48
phase transition6
phase equilibrium12
formation1
heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy1
crystal structure22

Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Assessments with a calculated phase diagram
TDB fileAssessmentSHA-256Links
CeO-06Zin.tdbM. Zinkevich, D. Djurovic, F. Aldinger, Solid State Ionics, 177, 989-1001(2006). doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2006.02.0443e9afdf3d632ed92a545cdbb44b9053159e64a22da8fab0f8874e7119e0742f4viewer · TDB · JSON
CeO-08Dju.tdbD. Djurovic, M. Zinkevich, F. Aldinger, Solid State Ionics, 179, 1902-11(2008). doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2008.06.011f4f16a6dae7120a8e76e4d1338142a8b5828227ff3a7a7f06df9f0cdd3997600viewer · TDB · JSON
Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)
TDB fileT (K)Phases at the invariant
CeO-06Zin.tdb2471.49LIQUID (x(O) 0.63936) + CE62O112 (x(O) 0.64368) + GAS (x(O) 1)
CeO-06Zin.tdb2469.6LIQUID (x(O) 0.63912) + CE40O72 (x(O) 0.64286) + CE62O112 (x(O) 0.64368)
CeO-06Zin.tdb2416.78LIQUID (x(O) 0.51016) + ION (x(O) 0.52277) + X_R2O3 (x(O) 0.57274)
CeO-06Zin.tdb2416.14CE62O112 (x(O) 0.64368) + CE11O20 (x(O) 0.64516) + GAS (x(O) 1)
CeO-06Zin.tdb2413LIQUID (x(O) 0.50656) + X_R2O3 (x(O) 0.57255) + H_R2O3 (x(O) 0.57255)
CeO-06Zin.tdb2413H_R2O3 (x(O) 0.59253) + X_R2O3 (x(O) 0.59253) + ION (x(O) 0.60059)
CeO-06Zin.tdb2361.24LIQUID (x(O) 0.63143) + CE19O34 (x(O) 0.64151) + CE40O72 (x(O) 0.64286)
CeO-06Zin.tdb2293.5LIQUID (x(O) 0.62835) + CE9O16 (x(O) 0.64) + CE19O34 (x(O) 0.64151)
CeO-06Zin.tdb2027.12LIQUID (x(O) 0.15131) + H_R2O3#2 (x(O) 0.54663) + H_R2O3 (x(O) 0.56414)
CeO-06Zin.tdb1760.54ION (x(O) 0.04374) + LIQUID (x(O) 0.06211) + H_R2O3 (x(O) 0.51823)
CeO-06Zin.tdb1080.24ION (x(O) 0.00117) + BCC_A2 (x(O) 0.00578) + H_R2O3 (x(O) 0.5016)
CeO-06Zin.tdb1005BCC_A2 (x(O) 0.00314) + FCC_A1 (x(O) 0.0049) + H_R2O3 (x(O) 0.50107)
CeO-06Zin.tdb435.98CE19O34 (x(O) 0.64151) + CE40O72 (x(O) 0.64286) + CE62O112 (x(O) 0.64368)
CeO-06Zin.tdb431.2CE19O34 (x(O) 0.64151) + CE62O112 (x(O) 0.64368) + CE11O20 (x(O) 0.64516)
CeO-06Zin.tdb420.08CE9O16 (x(O) 0.64) + CE19O34 (x(O) 0.64151) + CE11O20 (x(O) 0.64516)
CeO-06Zin.tdb398.92CE7O12 (x(O) 0.63158) + CE9O16 (x(O) 0.64) + CE11O20 (x(O) 0.64516)
CeO-08Dju.tdb2471.49LIQUID (x(O) 0.63936) + CE62O112 (x(O) 0.64368) + GAS (x(O) 1)
CeO-08Dju.tdb2469.6LIQUID (x(O) 0.63912) + CE40O72 (x(O) 0.64286) + CE62O112 (x(O) 0.64368)
CeO-08Dju.tdb2440.09LIQUID (x(O) 0.50447) + ION (x(O) 0.5185) + X_R2O3 (x(O) 0.57468)
CeO-08Dju.tdb2416.14CE62O112 (x(O) 0.64368) + CE11O20 (x(O) 0.64516) + GAS (x(O) 1)
CeO-08Dju.tdb2412.9LIQUID (x(O) 0.47388) + X_R2O3 (x(O) 0.57395) + H_R2O3 (x(O) 0.57419)
CeO-08Dju.tdb2361.24LIQUID (x(O) 0.63143) + CE19O34 (x(O) 0.64151) + CE40O72 (x(O) 0.64286)
CeO-08Dju.tdb1692.18ION (x(O) 0.0372) + LIQUID (x(O) 0.05324) + H_R2O3 (x(O) 0.57993)
CeO-08Dju.tdb1684.13ION (x(O) 0.03625) + X_R2O3 (x(O) 0.52354) + H_R2O3 (x(O) 0.58012)
CeO-08Dju.tdb1081.23ION (x(O) 0.00131) + BCC_A2 (x(O) 0.00647) + X_R2O3 (x(O) 0.50116)
CeO-08Dju.tdb1005.61BCC_A2 (x(O) 0.00352) + FCC_A1 (x(O) 0.0055) + X_R2O3 (x(O) 0.50069)
CeO-08Dju.tdb435.98CE19O34 (x(O) 0.64151) + CE40O72 (x(O) 0.64286) + CE62O112 (x(O) 0.64368)
CeO-08Dju.tdb431.2CE19O34 (x(O) 0.64151) + CE62O112 (x(O) 0.64368) + CE11O20 (x(O) 0.64516)
CeO-08Dju.tdb420.08CE9O16 (x(O) 0.64) + CE19O34 (x(O) 0.64151) + CE11O20 (x(O) 0.64516)
CeO-08Dju.tdb398.92CE7O12 (x(O) 0.63158) + CE9O16 (x(O) 0.64) + CE11O20 (x(O) 0.64516)

Convex hulls: Materials Project DFT hull · OQMD DFT hull · CALPHAD hull CeO-06Zin

Invariant reactions (literature)

Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Ce–O system (48)
T (K)Reaction / phasesCompositions (mole fraction)ClassSourceLocationQuote
4110congruent melting: L->gas (P=1 bar)L: O 0.608; gas: O 0.608unspecified[1] DJUROVIC 2008Table 4, p. 6, row 1
report
3299congruent melting: L->gas (P=1 bar)L: O 0.456; gas: O 0.456unspecified[1] DJUROVIC 2008Table 4, p. 6, row 2
report
2566peritectic: F=L+gas (P=1 bar)F: O 0.649; L: O 0.637model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 3
report
2557peritectic: CeO2(F)->L+gas (P=1 bar)L: O 0.637; F: O 0.649unspecified[1] DJUROVIC 2008Table 4, p. 6, row 3
report
2532congruent melting: L->Ce2O3(X)L: O 0.582; X: O 0.582unspecified[1] DJUROVIC 2008Table 4, p. 6, row 4
report
2413metatectic/catatectic: L+Ce2O3(X)->Ce2O3(H)L: O 0.601unspecified[1] DJUROVIC 2008Table 4, p. 6, row 5
report
2413metatectic/catatectic: L+Ce2O3(X)->Ce2O3(H)L: O 0.474unspecified[1] DJUROVIC 2008Table 4, p. 6, row 6
report
2413metatectic/catatectic: L+X=HL: O 0.601; X: O 0.593; H: O 0.593model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 5
report
2413metatectic/catatectic: L+X=HL: O 0.52; X: O 0.572; H: O 0.572model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 6
report
2338metatectic/catatectic: L+Ce2O3(H)->Ce2O3(A)L: O 0.603unspecified[1] DJUROVIC 2008Table 4, p. 6, row 7
report
2338metatectic/catatectic: L+Ce2O3(H)->Ce2O3(A)L: O 0.359unspecified[1] DJUROVIC 2008Table 4, p. 6, row 8
report
2338metatectic/catatectic: L+H=AL: O 0.603; H: O 0.596; A: O 0.596model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 7
report
2338metatectic/catatectic: L+H=AL: O 0.337; H: O 0.569; A: O 0.569model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 8
report
2079eutectic: L->Ce2O3(A)+CeO2(F)L: O 0.615; A: O 0.6; F: O 0.623unspecified[1] DJUROVIC 2008Table 4, p. 6, row 9
report
2076eutectic: L=A+FL: O 0.614; A: O 0.6; F: O 0.623model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 9
report
1676peritectoid: A+F=CA: O 0.6; F: O 0.629; C: O 0.622model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 10
report
1321peritectoid: C+F=Ce7O12C: O 0.628; F: O 0.635model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 11
report
1296peritectoid: C+F=Ce7O12experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Bevan 1964 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 12
report
1084peritectoid: C+F=Ce7O12experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Ricken 1984 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 13
report
1080peritectic: L+A=bcc-CeL: O 0.0011; A: O 0.598; bcc-Ce: O 0.0057model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 40
report
1080peritectic: L+Ce2O3(A)->δ-Ce(bcc)L: O 0.0011; A: O 0.598; bcc: O 0.0057unspecified[1] DJUROVIC 2008Table 4, p. 6, row 10
report
1072peritectoid: C+F=Ce7O12experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 2000 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 14
report
1005peritectoid: bcc-Ce+A=fcc-Cebcc-Ce: O 0.0031; A: O 0.598; fcc-Ce: O 0.0049model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 41
report
952peritectoid: Ce7O12+F=Ce9O16experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Tuller 1977 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 18
report
930congruent transformation: F=F′+FʺF: O 0.6586; F′: O 0.6586; Fʺ: O 0.6586model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 39
report
913peritectoid: Ce7O12+F=Ce9O16experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Ricken 1984 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 19
report
911peritectoid: Ce7O12+F=Ce9O16experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 2000 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 21
report
905peritectoid: Ce7O12+F=Ce9O16F: O 0.641experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Korner 1989
Table 5, p. 9, row 20
report
905peritectoid: Ce7O12+F=Ce9O16F: O 0.64003model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 17
report
898peritectoid: Ce9O16+F=Ce19O34experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 2000 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 24
report
885eutectoid: C=A+Ce7O12C: O 0.622; A: O 0.6model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 15
report
880peritectoid: Ce9O16+F=Ce19O34F: O 0.64154model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 22
report
880peritectoid: Ce9O16+F=Ce19O34experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Ricken 1984 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 23
report
873eutectoid: C=A+Ce7O12experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Bevan 1964 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 16
report
866peritectoid: Ce19O34+F=Ce40O72experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 2000 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 28
report
860peritectoid: Ce19O34+F=Ce40O72F: O 0.645experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Korner 1989
Table 5, p. 9, row 27
report
855peritectoid: Ce19O34+F=Ce40O72F: O 0.6431model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 25
report
850peritectoid: Ce19O34+F=Ce40O72experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Ricken 1984 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 26
report
766peritectoid: Ce40O72+F=Ce62O112experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Ricken 1984 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 30
report
760peritectoid: Ce40O72+F=Ce62O112F: O 0.64647model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 29
report
756peritectoid: Ce40O72+F=Ce62O112F: O 0.647experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Korner 1989
Table 5, p. 9, row 31
report
755peritectoid: Ce40O72+F=Ce62O112experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 2000 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 32
report
736peritectoid: Ce62O112+F=Ce11O20experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Ricken 1984 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 34
report
732peritectoid: Ce62O112+F=Ce11O20F: O 0.64736model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 33
report
725peritectoid: Ce62O112+F=Ce11O20F: O 0.648experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Korner 1989
Table 5, p. 9, row 35
report
722eutectoid: F′=Fʺ+Ce11O20F′: O 0.6486; Fʺ: O 0.666experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Ricken 1984 doi
Table 5, p. 9, row 37
report
721eutectoid: F′=Fʺ+Ce11O20F′: O 0.64802; Fʺ: O 0.66504model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 36
report
714eutectoid: F′=Fʺ+Ce11O20experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Korner 1989
Table 5, p. 9, row 38
report

Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from dft_parity.json.

Enthalpies of formation, Ce–O system (1)
PhaseCompoundValueT (K)ClassMP DFT (kJ/mol-atom)OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom)SourceLocationQuote
A-Ce2O3Ce2O3-358.476 kJ/mol-atom298.15model-363.729 (mp-aaabewgf)-339.664 (oqmd-16544)[3] ZINKEVICH 2007Table 6.1, p. 24, row 19
report

Other properties

Phase transition (6)

Phase transition, Ce–O system
PropertyValueT (K)Phases / compositionClassSourceLocationQuote
Phase transition2338 K2338polymorphic: A <=> H
alloy: O 0.6
model[3] ZINKEVICH 2007Table 2.2, p. 8, row 11
report
Phase transition2413 K2413polymorphic: H <=> X
alloy: O 0.6
model[3] ZINKEVICH 2007Table 2.2, p. 8, row 25
report
Phase transition2500 K2500congruent melting: L=X
L: O 0.583; X: O 0.583
model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 4
report
Phase transition3000 K3000congruent transformationmodel[2] ZINKEVICH 2006p. 12
report
While present work accumulates all previous knowledge about the Ce-O system, several new results were also obtained: 1) Probable value for the melting point of the stoichiometric CeO2 (3000 ± 20 K). The melting is congruent only under elevated pressure.
Phase transition3306 K3306congruent melting: L=gas (P=1 bar)
L: O 0.456; gas: O 0.456
model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 2
report
Phase transition4111 K4111congruent melting: L=gas (P=1 bar)
L: O 0.608; gas: O 0.608
model[2] ZINKEVICH 2006Table 5, p. 9, row 1
report

Phase equilibrium (12)

Phase equilibrium, Ce–O system
PropertyValueT (K)Phases / compositionClassSourceLocationQuote
Phase composition2415other: Ce2O3
liquid: O 0.6
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Mordovin 1967
Table 3, p. 4, row 2
report
Phase composition2433other: Ce2O3
liquid: O 0.6
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Leonov 1966
Table 3, p. 4, row 1
report
Phase composition2483other: Ce2O3
liquid: O 0.6
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Sata 1968
Table 3, p. 4, row 3
report
Phase composition2513other: Ce2O3
liquid: O 0.6
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Shevthenko 1985
Table 3, p. 4, row 5
report
Phase composition2513other: Ce2O3
liquid: O 0.6
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Tresvyatskii 1971
Table 3, p. 4, row 4
report
Phase composition2670other: CeO2
liquid: O 0.666667
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Mordovin 1967
Table 3, p. 4, row 12
report
Phase composition2753other: CeO2
liquid: O 0.666667
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Foex 1966
Table 3, p. 4, row 11
report
Phase composition2998other: CeO2
liquid: O 0.666667
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Samsonov 1961
Table 3, p. 4, row 9
report
Phase composition3000other: CeO2
liquid: O 0.666667
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Brewer 1953
Table 3, p. 4, row 7
report
Phase composition3023other: CeO2
liquid: O 0.666667
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Ryskewitch 1960
Table 3, p. 4, row 8
report
Phase composition3023other: CeO2
liquid: O 0.666667
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Tresvyatkii 1964
Table 3, p. 4, row 10
report
Phase composition3073other: CeO2
liquid: O 0.666667
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Trombe 2006
Table 3, p. 4, row 6
report

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (1)

Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, Ce–O system
PropertyValueT (K)Phases / compositionClassSourceLocationQuote
Entropy
printed: °S
148.8 unknown298.15A-Ce2O3
alloy: O 0.6
model[3] ZINKEVICH 2007Table 6.1, p. 24, row 19
report

Crystal structure (22)

Crystal structure, Ce–O system
PropertyValueT (K)Phases / compositionClassSourceLocationQuote
Lattice a0.6757 not_printed ± 3.000e-4298.15Ce11O20
alloy: Ce 0.354839, O 0.645161
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 1999
Table 1, p. 2, row 8
report
Lattice a0.6627 not_printed298.15Ce19O34
alloy: Ce 0.358491, O 0.641509
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Knappe 1985
Table 1, p. 2, row 5
report
Lattice a0.3891 not_printed ± 1.000e-4298.15Ce2O3-x (A)experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Barnigshausen 1985
Table 1, p. 2, row 1
report
Lattice a0.6785 not_printed ± 1.000e-4298.15Ce7O12
alloy: Ce 0.368421, O 0.631579
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 1999
Table 1, p. 2, row 3
report
Lattice a6.785 Å ± 0.001298.15Ce7O12
alloy: Ce 0.368421, O 0.631579
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 1999
Table 1, p. 2, row 11
report
Lattice a5.4112 not_printed ± 0.001298.15CeO2-x (F)experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 1999
Table 1, p. 2, row 9
report
Lattice b1.026 not_printed ± 5.000e-4298.15Ce11O20
alloy: Ce 0.354839, O 0.645161
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 1999
Table 1, p. 2, row 8
report
Lattice b1.1478 not_printed298.15Ce19O34
alloy: Ce 0.358491, O 0.641509
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Knappe 1985
Table 1, p. 2, row 5
report
Lattice c0.6732 not_printed ± 3.000e-4298.15Ce11O20
alloy: Ce 0.354839, O 0.645161
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 1999
Table 1, p. 2, row 8
report
Lattice c1.0123 not_printed298.15Ce19O34
alloy: Ce 0.358491, O 0.641509
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Knappe 1985
Table 1, p. 2, row 5
report
Lattice c0.6059 not_printed ± 1.000e-4298.15Ce2O3-x (A)experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Barnigshausen 1985
Table 1, p. 2, row 1
report
lattice alpha99.42 ° ± 0.01298.15Ce7O12
alloy: Ce 0.368421, O 0.631579
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 1999
Table 1, p. 2, row 11
report
lattice molar volume47.842 cm3 mol-1298.15Ce2O3 (A-type)
alloy: O 0.6
model[3] ZINKEVICH 2007Table 3.1, p. 12, row 4
report
lattice molar volume48.985 cm3 mol-1298.15Ce2O3 (B-type)
alloy: O 0.6
model[3] ZINKEVICH 2007Table 3.1, p. 12, row 4
report
lattice molar volume53.637 cm3 mol-1298.15Ce2O3 (C-type)
alloy: O 0.6
model[3] ZINKEVICH 2007Table 3.1, p. 12, row 4
report
lattice unspecified angle96.22 ° ± 0.04298.15Ce11O20
alloy: Ce 0.354839, O 0.645161
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 1999
Table 1, p. 2, row 8
report
lattice unspecified angle99.8 ° ± 0.04298.15Ce11O20
alloy: Ce 0.354839, O 0.645161
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 1999
Table 1, p. 2, row 8
report
lattice unspecified angle90.04 ° ± 0.04298.15Ce11O20
alloy: Ce 0.354839, O 0.645161
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 1999
Table 1, p. 2, row 8
report
lattice unspecified angle100.9 °298.15Ce19O34
alloy: Ce 0.358491, O 0.641509
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Knappe 1985
Table 1, p. 2, row 5
report
lattice unspecified angle90 °298.15Ce19O34
alloy: Ce 0.358491, O 0.641509
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Knappe 1985
Table 1, p. 2, row 5
report
lattice unspecified angle95.5 °298.15Ce19O34
alloy: Ce 0.358491, O 0.641509
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Knappe 1985
Table 1, p. 2, row 5
report
lattice unspecified angle99.42 ° ± 0.01298.15Ce7O12
alloy: Ce 0.368421, O 0.631579
experimental[2] ZINKEVICH 2006
cites Kummerle 1999
Table 1, p. 2, row 3
report

Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

  1. D DJUROVIC, M ZINKEVICH, F ALDINGER, Thermodynamic modeling of the cerium–yttrium–oxygen system, Solid State Ionics 179, 1902-1911 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2008.06.011
  2. M ZINKEVICH, D DJUROVIC, F ALDINGER, Thermodynamic modelling of the cerium–oxygen system☆, Solid State Ionics 177, 989-1001 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2006.02.044
  3. M ZINKEVICH, Thermodynamics of rare earth sesquioxides, Progress in Materials Science 52, 597-647 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.09.002