# Ce–Ru–Sm system

> Ce–Ru–Sm system: 53 accepted literature values (formation 47, crystal structure 6) and 0 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CE-RU-SM.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CE-RU-SM.md

53 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (experimental 1, model 35, DFT 11, unspecified 6); 0 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/CE-RU-SM.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CE-RU-SM.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#CE-RU-SM) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/CE-RU-SM.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CE-RU-SM.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 1 |
| model | 35 |
| DFT | 11 |
| unspecified | 6 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| formation | 47 |
| crystal structure | 6 |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Ce–Ru–Sm system (26)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| Ln3Ru |  | -25.143 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Selhaoui 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2898%2900125-x) | Table 3, p. 9, row 5; `ORC-MAZQSWPJOR.2bfa56` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -23.5314 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites De 2014_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 6; `ORC-HOYJMDYKZU.408e0d` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -20.3527 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Zhang 2007_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2007.06.031) | Table 3, p. 9, row 12; `ORC-4UEDHEHS4J.53bbc7` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -20.0124 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 7; `ORC-3HHMRXOKHN.322165` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -20.0093 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 8; `ORC-Q53U57HH3F.2a2731` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -19.693 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Selhaoui 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2898%2900125-x) | Table 3, p. 9, row 4; `ORC-4MMXHXNUY5.ed1da2` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -19.3496 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 1; `ORC-BDVKAFBZWB.f9b01b` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -19.28 kJ/mol-atom |  | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Ceder 2010_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 9; `ORC-OIQEMJBNWZ.36904a` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -19.264 kJ/mol-atom |  | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Oses 2018_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00393) | Table 3, p. 9, row 11; `ORC-GGPUDRKAVZ.f81cf6` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -17.801 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 3; `ORC-HHV7SUKI5U.24182a` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -14.8361 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 2; `ORC-VJ6JMVLWWW.75e2b6` |  |
| Ln3Ru |  | -12.9176 kJ/mol-atom |  | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Kirklin 2015_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10) | Table 3, p. 9, row 10; `ORC-K3SFZ3O4KW.0b4d99` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -41.9778 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites De 2014_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 61; `ORC-DTS5P7SSTW.eeb202` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -32.2203 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Zhang 2007_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2007.06.031) | Table 3, p. 9, row 68; `ORC-RY67VPLQVK.04fcd4` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -30.848 kJ/mol-atom |  | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Kirklin 2015_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10) | Table 3, p. 9, row 65; `ORC-YCWDPGSSKB.747e4b` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -29.721 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Selhaoui 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2898%2900125-x) | Table 3, p. 9, row 59; `ORC-ZDAXKNXMPW.8aea30` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -29.72 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Selhaoui 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2898%2900125-x) | Table 3, p. 9, row 58; `ORC-DC7JN3FBWG.817b2f` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -28.0524 kJ/mol-atom |  | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Choudhary 2020_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-020-00440-1) | Table 3, p. 9, row 66; `ORC-XKYDVKSDWB.903761` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -27.9 kJ/mol-atom ± 1.5 | 298.15 | experimental |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Selhaoui 1993_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1993-841103) | Table 3, p. 9, row 57; `ORC-W5KLNF6CIZ.0d1a40` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -27.281 kJ/mol-atom |  | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Ceder 2010_ | Table 3, p. 9, row 64; `ORC-7GUKHO3CKW.9a9739` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -27.2586 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 67; `ORC-LGWTRKSQ2T.a34fe1` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -27.1978 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 62; `ORC-26O4L7E3P4.08c42e` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -27.1978 kJ/mol-atom | 0 | DFT |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 63; `ORC-E7PQROTPL6.336aa0` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -22.5988 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 56; `ORC-ANIKCUON47.961569` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -18.9068 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 54; `ORC-7MC7PKE2T6.d7e760` |  |
| LnRu2 |  | -14.6208 kJ/mol-atom |  | model |  |  | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 55; `ORC-6RD5OF4WPV.6023de` |  |

## Other properties

### Formation (21)

Table: Formation, Ce–Ru–Sm system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -8.81 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Selhaoui 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2898%2900125-x) | Table 3, p. 9, row 4; `ORC-4MMXHXNUY5.b66726` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -6.4063 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 1; `ORC-BDVKAFBZWB.f2499e` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -4.97241 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 3; `ORC-HHV7SUKI5U.e79e5d` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -16.58 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Selhaoui 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2898%2900125-x) | Table 3, p. 9, row 5; `ORC-MAZQSWPJOR.a56498` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -4.50766 J/mol-atom/K |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 2; `ORC-VJ6JMVLWWW.e6eee0` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.29661 J/mol-atom/K |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 55; `ORC-6RD5OF4WPV.910bab` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -0.98435 J/mol-atom/K |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 54; `ORC-7MC7PKE2T6.641503` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -4.50954 J/mol-atom/K |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 56; `ORC-ANIKCUON47.a3d4bb` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -11.34 J/mol-atom/K |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Selhaoui 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2898%2900125-x) | Table 3, p. 9, row 58; `ORC-DC7JN3FBWG.ea94d7` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -15 J/mol-atom/K |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 60; `ORC-F5YP2I6EUK.81af13` |  |
| Entropy of formation; _printed: ΔSf_ | -14.8 J/mol-atom/K |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Selhaoui 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2898%2900125-x) | Table 3, p. 9, row 59; `ORC-ZDAXKNXMPW.2d7d8c` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -10.883 kJ/mol-atom |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Selhaoui 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2898%2900125-x) | Table 3, p. 9, row 4; `ORC-4MMXHXNUY5.dc7a5d` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -12.9433 kJ/mol-atom |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 1; `ORC-BDVKAFBZWB.542d60` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -12.8285 kJ/mol-atom |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 3; `ORC-HHV7SUKI5U.69a844` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -8.563 kJ/mol-atom |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Selhaoui 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2898%2900125-x) | Table 3, p. 9, row 5; `ORC-MAZQSWPJOR.d26110` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -10.3284 kJ/mol-atom |  | Ln3Ru; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 2; `ORC-VJ6JMVLWWW.492dfc` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -14.3242 kJ/mol-atom |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 55; `ORC-6RD5OF4WPV.a9555d` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -17.9224 kJ/mol-atom |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 54; `ORC-7MC7PKE2T6.b1690c` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -18.0893 kJ/mol-atom |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 3, p. 9, row 56; `ORC-ANIKCUON47.e4b71b` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -18.38 kJ/mol-atom |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Selhaoui 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2898%2900125-x) | Table 3, p. 9, row 58; `ORC-DC7JN3FBWG.3df7de` |  |
| Gibbs energy of formation; _printed: ΔGf_ | -14.921 kJ/mol-atom |  | LnRu2; _alloy: Ru 0, Sm 0_ | model | [1] Kardellass 2023; _cites Selhaoui 1998_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388%2898%2900125-x) | Table 3, p. 9, row 59; `ORC-ZDAXKNXMPW.a93536` |  |

### Crystal structure (6)

Table: Crystal structure, Ce–Ru–Sm system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lattice a | 5.161 Å | 393.5 | (γCe); _(γCe): Ru 0_ | unspecified | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 2, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-CPPMSI6NIV` |  |
| Lattice a | 3.629 Å | 734 (\<) | (αSm); _(αSm): Ru 0_ | unspecified | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 2, p. 6, row 16; `ORC-6S4PTON3KQ.7ba4e4` |  |
| Lattice a | 4.12 Å | 762 | (δCe); _(δCe): Ru 0_ | unspecified | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 2, p. 6, row 1; `ORC-JTTSXI642I` |  |
| Lattice a | 3.663 Å | 828 | (βSm); _(βSm): Ru 0_ | unspecified | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 2, p. 6, row 15; `ORC-F5K5ZDZF47.b70dc7` |  |
| Lattice c | 26.2071 Å | 734 (\<) | (αSm); _(αSm): Ru 0_ | unspecified | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 2, p. 6, row 16; `ORC-6S4PTON3KQ.898da0` |  |
| Lattice c | 5.8448 Å | 828 | (βSm); _(βSm): Ru 0_ | unspecified | [1] Kardellass 2023 | Table 2, p. 6, row 15; `ORC-F5K5ZDZF47.0f323b` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. S. Kardellass, C. Corvalan-Moya, V. P. Vassiliev, Thermodynamic Modeling of the (Ce and Sm)-Ru Binary Systems Based on Linear, Exponential, and Combined Models Aided by Ab-Initio Calculations, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 44, 300-323 (2023). [doi:10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-023-01043-1)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).