# Cr–Cu system

> Cr–Cu system: 17 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 15, mixing / partial 1, activity / EMF / Gibbs energy 1) and 6 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CR-CU.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CR-CU.md

17 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 9, model 8); 6 calculated phase diagram(s). 9 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/CR-CU.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CR-CU.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#CR-CU) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CR-CU/CrCu-00Jac.json) · [phases (4)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CR-CU.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/CR-CU.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CR-CU.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 9 |
| model | 8 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 15 |
| mixing / partial | 1 |
| activity / EMF / Gibbs energy | 1 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| CrCu-00Jac.tdb | K.T. Jacob, S. Priya, Y. Waseda, Z. Metallkd., 91, 594-600(2000). [doi:10.1515/ijmr-2000-910710](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2000-910710) | `aba29d210640bde6f10686310954f8e4c6dd26434a42219bac9cb7dbb61a8d75` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CR-CU/CrCu-00Jac.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CrCu-00Jac.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CrCu-00Jac.json) |
| CrCu-06Tur.tdb | M.A. Turchanin, Powder Metall. Met. Ceram., 45, 457-67(2006). [doi:10.1007/s11106-006-0106-x](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-006-0106-x) | `43b7d9002998d57527a511356de24b1ea5e436a73d94e6c9404e124a29c3de10` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CR-CU/CrCu-06Tur.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CrCu-06Tur.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CrCu-06Tur.json) |
| CrCu-17Liu.tdb | Y. Liu, P. Zhou, S. Liu, Y. Du, Calphad, 59, 1-11(2017). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2017.07.002](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2017.07.002) | `795ca2b88d6ba3916ac73e5931fae1cc4720209def8ea95347f84559229c9840` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CR-CU/CrCu-17Liu.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CrCu-17Liu.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CrCu-17Liu.json) |
| CrCu-87Sau.tdb | N. Saunders, Mater. Sci. Technol., 3, 671-73(1987). 2020.08.02: Modified for use with GES6. [doi:10.1179/mst.1987.3.8.671](https://doi.org/10.1179/mst.1987.3.8.671) | `af63c1df4db3f5b9fbe0f2b17529ad4c63a21648e3f6b55f0ae8931547b4ac85` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CR-CU/CrCu-87Sau.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CrCu-87Sau.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CrCu-87Sau.json) |
| CrCu-90Ham.tdb | M. Hamalainen, K. Jaaskelainen, R. Luoma, M. Nuotio, P. Taskinen, O. Teppo, Calphad, 14, 125-37(1990). [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(90)90014-Q](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2890%2990014-Q) | `7070dbd542901790c6298c15405c1f9ebc8a10dab491c7bad6be56e5f31ac2a0` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CR-CU/CrCu-90Ham.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CrCu-90Ham.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CrCu-90Ham.json) |
| CrCu-95Zen-LB.tdb | K. Zeng, M. Hamalainen, Calphad, 19, 93-104(1995). [doi:10.1016/0364-5916(95)00010-C](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2895%2900010-C) | `bc9cd744f47d1be2218a73811649875c74b811adcbc6a748065e12b0380986f3` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CR-CU/CrCu-95Zen-LB.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CrCu-95Zen-LB.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CrCu-95Zen-LB.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| CrCu-00Jac.tdb | 1349.11 | BCC_A2 (x(Cu) 8.400e-4) + LIQUID (x(Cu) 0.98405) + FCC_A1 (x(Cu) 0.9923) |
| CrCu-06Tur.tdb | 1350.47 | BCC_A2 (x(Cu) 9.500e-4) + LIQUID (x(Cu) 0.98485) + FCC_A1 (x(Cu) 0.99158) |
| CrCu-17Liu.tdb | 2033.59 | BCC_A2 (x(Cu) 0.00367) + LIQUID#2 (x(Cu) 0.18274) + LIQUID (x(Cu) 0.47176) |
| CrCu-17Liu.tdb | 1350.57 | BCC_A2 (x(Cu) 6.000e-4) + LIQUID (x(Cu) 0.9879) + FCC_A1 (x(Cu) 0.99518) |
| CrCu-87Sau.tdb | 1353.4 | BCC_A2 (x(Cu) 5.700e-4) + LIQUID (x(Cu) 0.98403) + FCC_A1 (x(Cu) 0.98814) |
| CrCu-90Ham.tdb | 1347.8 | BCC_A2 (x(Cu) 8.400e-4) + LIQUID (x(Cu) 0.98364) + FCC_A1 (x(Cu) 0.99297) |
| CrCu-95Zen-LB.tdb | 1347.95 | BCC_A2 (x(Cu) 0) + LIQUID (x(Cu) 0.98167) + FCC_A1 (x(Cu) 0.99175) |
| CrCu-95Zen-LB.tdb | 1347.94 | BCC_A2 (x(Cu) 0) + LIQUID (x(Cu) 0.9819) + FCC_A1 (x(Cu) 0.99184) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/CR/CR-CU.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/CR/CR-CU.json) · [CALPHAD hull CrCu-00Jac](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CR/CR-CU--CrCu-00Jac.json) · [CALPHAD hull CrCu-06Tur](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CR/CR-CU--CrCu-06Tur.json) · [CALPHAD hull CrCu-87Sau](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CR/CR-CU--CrCu-87Sau.json) · [CALPHAD hull CrCu-90Ham](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CR/CR-CU--CrCu-90Ham.json) · [CALPHAD hull CrCu-95Zen-LB](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CR/CR-CU--CrCu-95Zen-LB.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Cr–Cu system (15)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1350 | eutectic: L -> (Cu) + (Cr) | L: Cr 0.0156; (Cu): Cr 0.0089 | model | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Chakrabarti 1984_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-IOXY6M4J72` |  |
| 1350 | eutectic: L -> (Cu) + (Cr) | L: Cr 0.0156; (Cu): Cr 0.0081; (Cr): Cr 0.9992 | model | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Saunders 1987_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1179/026708387790329469) | Table 1, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-RPH3W7EIYP` |  |
| 1350 | eutectic: L -> (Cu) + (Cr) | L: Cr 0.0152; (Cu): Cr 0.0084; (Cr): Cr 0.9991 | model | [1] Turchanin 2006 | Table 1, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-VT2HAVOGX6` |  |
| 1349.6 | eutectic: L -> (Cu) + (Cr) | L: Cr 0.015; (Cu): Cr 0.0077; (Cr): Cr 0.9992 | model | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Jakob 2000_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-3JPKDLJV3V` |  |
| 1349 | eutectic: L -> (Cu) + (Cr) | L: Cr 0.0183 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Siedschlag 1923_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19231310113) | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-HITXKPZJKY` |  |
| 1349 | eutectic: L -> (Cu) + (Cr) |  | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Li 2000_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497100770340183) | Table 1, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-RSZI2TAJ7C` |  |
| 1348 | eutectic: L -> (Cu) + (Cr) | L: Cr 0.016; (Cu): Cr 0.008 | model | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Ivanchenko 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01389605) | Table 1, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-7WQV3LDD7Y` |  |
| 1348 | eutectic: L -> (Cu) + (Cr) | L: Cr 0.0156 | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Doi 1957_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-BILE7OEJ6S` |  |
| 1348 | eutectic: L -> (Cu) + (Cr) | L: Cr 0.0164; (Cu): Cr 0.007; (Cr): Cr 0.9992 | model | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Hamalainen 1990_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2890%2990014-q) | Table 1, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-GES2APSAB3` |  |
| 1348 | eutectic: L -> (Cu) + (Cr) | L: Cr 0.0181; (Cu): Cr 0.0082 | model | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Zeng 1995_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2895%2900010-c) | Table 1, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-LCWYLGFGGO` |  |
| 1348 | eutectic: L -> (Cu) + (Cr) |  | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Hindrichs 1908_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19080590136) | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-SEQ7VOCQMH` |  |
| 1347.9 | eutectic: Liquid -> bcc-A2 + fcc-A1 | Liquid: Cu 0.982; bcc-A2: Cu 0; fcc-A1: Cu 0.992 | model | [2] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 158, row 1; `ORC-JTBXCXT4BR` |  |
| 1347 | eutectic: L -> (Cu) + (Cr) |  | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Leonov 1986_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-AI7WKSZJHX` |  |
| 1346 | eutectic: L -> (Cu) + (Cr) |  | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Zakharov 1967_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-WZM6IJ4IP6` |  |
| 1343 | eutectic: L -> (Cu) + (Cr) |  | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Hibbard 1948_ | Table 1, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-U7UJ4XDQDS` |  |

## Other properties

### Mixing / partial (1)

Table: Mixing / partial, Cr–Cu system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH \<∞Cr >_ | 90 unspecified ± 17 | 1373 |  | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Watanabe 1984_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02667340) | p. 4; `ORC-HIBTOLPHAT` | “In \[23\] the enthalpy of dissolution of chromium in copper at 1373 K was studied. At this temperature the solubility of chromium did not exceed xCr = 0.02, and therefore the authors obtained only a value of the first enthalpy of mixing ΔH \<∞Cr > = 90 ± 17 kJ/mole.” |

### Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy (1)

Table: Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy, Cr–Cu system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activity; _printed: aCr_ | 0.15 unspecified | 1300 |  | experimental | [1] Turchanin 2006; _cites Gachon 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160%2880%2990139-x) | p. 5; `ORC-OP3NL2FK77` | “Using the emf method with a solid electrolyte authors of \[27\] established the value for thermodynamic activity of BCC-chromium in a solid solution based on copper: aCr = 0.15 for alloy with xCr = 0.001 at 1300 K.” |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. M. A. Turchanin, Phase equilibria and thermodynamics of binary copper systems with 3d-metals. III. Copper-chromium system, Powder Metall Met Ceram 45, 457-467 (2006). [doi:10.1007/s11106-006-0106-x](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-006-0106-x)
2. I. Ansara, A. T. Dinsdale, M. H. Rand (eds.), COST 507: Thermochemical database for light metal alloys, Volume 2, EUR 18499 EN, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg (1998), ISBN 92-828-3902-8.

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).