# Cu–Fe system

> Cu–Fe system: 99 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 55, mixing / partial 42, heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy 2) and 6 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-FE.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-FE.md

99 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 68, model 22, unspecified 9); 6 calculated phase diagram(s). 11 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/CU-FE.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-FE.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#CU-FE) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-FE/CuFe-03Tur.json) · [phases (4)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CU-FE.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/CU-FE.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-FE.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 68 |
| model | 22 |
| unspecified | 9 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 55 |
| mixing / partial | 42 |
| heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy | 2 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| CuFe-03Tur.tdb | M.A. Turchanin, P.G. Agraval, I.V. Nikolaenko, J. Phase Equilib., 24, 307-19(2003). [doi:10.1361/105497103770330280](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497103770330280) | `cdb9d77a4cc00a0ee505500911c9ecb972585706a9da3f794bb89d3e420c7606` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-FE/CuFe-03Tur.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuFe-03Tur.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuFe-03Tur.json) |
| CuFe-15Ste.tdb | G. Stechauner, E. Kozeschnik, Acta Mater., 100, 135-46(2015). [doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2015.08.042](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.08.042) | `bfc63223f5caef05e77bd54d10e9981b4ed899ce387420f6661240a4a9f8657f` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-FE/CuFe-15Ste.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuFe-15Ste.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuFe-15Ste.json) |
| CuFe-87Jan.tdb | A. Jansson, TRITA-MAC 340, Stockholm 1987. | `2c05cb21e3fff528545ab62c3b870f91fe01aaae5933f3c7a8a604e52bfa72ea` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-FE/CuFe-87Jan.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuFe-87Jan.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuFe-87Jan.json) |
| CuFe-93Ans-LB.tdb | I. Ansara, A. Jansson, TRITA-MAC 533, Stockholm 1993. | `e3232aa138fa336c27427dd8c29432398f01cf5442dfaf1e4bd6d51bb428989f` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-FE/CuFe-93Ans-LB.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuFe-93Ans-LB.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuFe-93Ans-LB.json) |
| CuFe-93Swa.tdb | L.J. Swartzendruber, Phase Diagrams of Binary Iron Alloys, ASM, 1993. | `4c1bc91a8d26ffd41925653a23b5dfa4f85c86f36363a365a31a6192a33ad130` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-FE/CuFe-93Swa.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuFe-93Swa.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuFe-93Swa.json) |
| CuFe-95Che.tdb | Q. Chen, Z.P. Jin, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 26A, 417-26(1995). [doi:10.1007/BF02664678](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02664678) | `2a778f43763571c566806c472294295f62dc3aeac5bf50acd4b521149622da1a` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-FE/CuFe-95Che.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuFe-95Che.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuFe-95Che.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| CuFe-03Tur.tdb | 1759.9 | LIQUID (x(Fe) 0.89484) + FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.93082) + BCC_A2 (x(Fe) 0.94195) |
| CuFe-03Tur.tdb | 1367.73 | LIQUID (x(Fe) 0.03473) + FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.04966) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Fe) 0.92403) |
| CuFe-03Tur.tdb | 1120.67 | FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.01035) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Fe) 0.97453) + BCC_A2 (x(Fe) 0.98372) |
| CuFe-15Ste.tdb | 1762.3 | LIQUID (x(Fe) 0.87508) + FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.92992) + BCC_A2 (x(Fe) 0.9329) |
| CuFe-15Ste.tdb | 1370.3 | LIQUID (x(Fe) 0.03574) + FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.04825) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Fe) 0.94945) |
| CuFe-15Ste.tdb | 1138.73 | FCC_A1#2 (x(Fe) 0.01781) + FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.98306) + BCC_A2 (x(Fe) 0.98865) |
| CuFe-87Jan.tdb | 1761.93 | LIQUID (x(Fe) 0.88323) + FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.92527) + BCC_A2 (x(Fe) 0.93114) |
| CuFe-87Jan.tdb | 1369.31 | LIQUID (x(Fe) 0.03677) + FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.04744) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Fe) 0.93246) |
| CuFe-87Jan.tdb | 1119.84 | FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.0111) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Fe) 0.97495) + BCC_A2 (x(Fe) 0.9831) |
| CuFe-93Ans-LB.tdb | 1762.39 | LIQUID (x(Fe) 0.87941) + FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.92737) + BCC_A2 (x(Fe) 0.93279) |
| CuFe-93Ans-LB.tdb | 1371.17 | LIQUID (x(Fe) 0.03378) + FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.04678) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Fe) 0.93586) |
| CuFe-93Ans-LB.tdb | 1115.92 | FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.01256) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Fe) 0.97522) + BCC_A2 (x(Fe) 0.98415) |
| CuFe-93Swa.tdb | 1781.58 | LIQUID (x(Fe) 0.94005) + FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.95568) + BCC_A2 (x(Fe) 0.9629) |
| CuFe-93Swa.tdb | 1371.81 | LIQUID (x(Fe) 0.03392) + FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.04845) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Fe) 0.92384) |
| CuFe-93Swa.tdb | 1117.67 | FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.01287) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Fe) 0.97183) + BCC_A2 (x(Fe) 0.98086) |
| CuFe-95Che.tdb | 1758.92 | LIQUID (x(Fe) 0.89246) + FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.92753) + BCC_A2 (x(Fe) 0.93667) |
| CuFe-95Che.tdb | 1369.04 | LIQUID (x(Fe) 0.03156) + FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.04485) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Fe) 0.92499) |
| CuFe-95Che.tdb | 1121.82 | FCC_A1 (x(Fe) 0.01274) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Fe) 0.97427) + BCC_A2 (x(Fe) 0.98327) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/CU/CU-FE.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/CU/CU-FE.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuFe-03Tur](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-FE--CuFe-03Tur.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuFe-87Jan](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-FE--CuFe-87Jan.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuFe-93Ans-LB](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-FE--CuFe-93Ans-LB.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuFe-93Swa](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-FE--CuFe-93Swa.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuFe-95Che](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-FE--CuFe-95Che.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Cu–Fe system (55)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1764 | δ + liq -> γ | δ: Cu 0.064; γ: Cu 0.076; liq: Cu 0.116 | unspecified | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Chuang 1995_ | Table II, p. 6, row 6; `ORC-25CN4DFUQ6` |  |
| 1764 | L + δ ↔ γ | L: Fe 0.884; δ: Fe 0.936 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Chuang_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-F4RNRFI6PD` |  |
| 1761 | L + δ ↔ γ |  | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Amara 2003_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-F22TI5R6RH` |  |
| 1760 | L + δ ↔ γ | L: Fe 0.896; δ: Fe 0.942 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 2, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-45FZQNFU3H` |  |
| 1759 | L + δ ↔ γ | L: Fe 0.902 | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Maddocks 1936_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-2UA2H7BGYD` |  |
| 1759 | δ + liq -> γ | δ: Cu 0.063; γ: Cu 0.073; liq: Cu 0.108 | model | [1] Chen 1995 | Table II, p. 6, row 7; `ORC-BB6YTMD6Z2` |  |
| 1759 | δ + liq -> γ | liq: Cu 0.098 | experimental | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Maddocks 1936_ | Table II, p. 6, row 1; `ORC-UQRGNA253D` |  |
| 1759 | L + δ ↔ γ | L: Fe 0.892; δ: Fe 0.937 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Chen 1995_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02664678) | Table 2, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-XXYXAAU4YZ` |  |
| 1755 | δ + liq -> γ | δ: Cu 0.061; γ: Cu 0.066; liq: Cu 0.1 | experimental | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Oelsen 1961_ | Table II, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-RAH3VCR3R4` |  |
| 1755 | L + δ ↔ γ | L: Fe 0.9; δ: Fe 0.939 | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Oelsen 1961_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-SBXQP53DHK` |  |
| 1753 | δ + liq -> γ | liq: Cu 0.098 | experimental | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Hellawell 1957_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1957.0004) | Table II, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-JBI2BVKWNA` |  |
| 1753 | δ + liq -> γ | δ: Cu 0.066; γ: Cu 0.08; liq: Cu 0.127 | unspecified | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Kubaschewski 1977_ | Table II, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-OH6Y2U3SYE` |  |
| 1753 | L + δ ↔ γ | L: Fe 0.873; δ: Fe 0.934 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Kubaschewski 1977_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-PCN4JTG4GX` |  |
| 1753 | L + δ ↔ γ | L: Fe 0.902 | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites ref. 1943And_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-WOZUQFXXPM` |  |
| 1752 | δ + liq -> γ | δ: Cu 0.063; γ: Cu 0.075; liq: Cu 0.124 | unspecified | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Hasebe 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2880%2990026-7) | Table II, p. 6, row 5; `ORC-AWBDJ7RF6S` |  |
| 1752 | L + δ ↔ γ | L: Fe 0.876; δ: Fe 0.937 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Hasebe 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2880%2990026-7) | Table 2, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-FXHFEZIXHN` |  |
| 1698 | L2 ↔ L1 + δ | L2: Fe 0.591; L1: Fe 0.49; δ: Fe 0.912 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 2, p. 5, row 30; `ORC-J3EY5VEKBS` |  |
| 1405 | L1 + L2 ↔ ε | L1: Fe 0.22 | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Amara 2003_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 31; `ORC-MF6CEDDQ54` |  |
| 1380 | L1 + L2 ↔ ε | L1: Fe 0.058; L2: Fe 0.931; ε: Fe 0.127 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 2, p. 5, row 32; `ORC-4V5ZG6K44X` |  |
| 1371 | γ + liq -> ε | γ: Cu 0.076; ε: Cu 0.952; liq: Cu 0.965 | unspecified | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Chuang 1995_ | Table II, p. 6, row 13; `ORC-5TLRF5NOCO` |  |
| 1371 | L + γ ↔ ε | L: Fe 0.035; γ: Fe 0.924; ε: Fe 0.048 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Chuang_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 16; `ORC-C3TYKQ45JG` |  |
| 1369 | L + γ ↔ ε |  | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Maddocks 1936_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-2T4E6ZRX6I` |  |
| 1369 | L + γ ↔ ε | L: Fe 0.032; γ: Fe 0.929; ε: Fe 0.045 | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Oelsen 1961_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 12; `ORC-3TIYUDMLQV` |  |
| 1369 | L + γ ↔ ε | L: Fe 0.032; γ: Fe 0.91; ε: Fe 0.05 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Hasebe 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2880%2990026-7) | Table 2, p. 5, row 15; `ORC-ACBQMLYTVT` |  |
| 1369 | γ + liq -> ε | γ: Cu 0.09; ε: Cu 0.95; liq: Cu 0.968 | unspecified | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Hasebe 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2880%2990026-7) | Table II, p. 6, row 12; `ORC-AGYEXWUQPJ` |  |
| 1369 | γ + liq -> ε | ε: Cu 0.952; liq: Cu 0.961 | unspecified | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Kubaschewski 1977_ | Table II, p. 6, row 11; `ORC-CYYCLVQMRY` |  |
| 1369 | L + γ ↔ ε | L: Fe 0.039; ε: Fe 0.048 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Kubaschewski 1977_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 14; `ORC-EWGJG4XPC2` |  |
| 1369 | L + γ ↔ ε | L: Fe 0.032; γ: Fe 0.925; ε: Fe 0.045 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Chen 1995_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02664678) | Table 2, p. 5, row 17; `ORC-FVTGIEVHHF` |  |
| 1369 | γ + liq -> ε | γ: Cu 0.071; ε: Cu 0.955; liq: Cu 0.968 | experimental | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Oelsen 1961_ | Table II, p. 6, row 10; `ORC-LEG5BEKCBT` |  |
| 1369 | γ + liq -> ε | γ: Cu 0.075; ε: Cu 0.955; liq: Cu 0.968 | model | [1] Chen 1995 | Table II, p. 6, row 14; `ORC-TJOBNHLS6M` |  |
| 1369 | γ + liq -> ε |  | experimental | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Maddocks 1936_ | Table II, p. 6, row 8; `ORC-YMPIJLSF44` |  |
| 1368 | L + γ ↔ ε | L: Fe 0.035; γ: Fe 0.924; ε: Fe 0.05 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 2, p. 5, row 18; `ORC-KNA3II3OJP` |  |
| 1366 | L + γ ↔ ε |  | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Amara 2003_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 13; `ORC-KZCASMAKAY` |  |
| 1363 | L + γ ↔ ε |  | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Hellawell 1957_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1957.0004) | Table 2, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-EBP3KAVXFV` |  |
| 1363 | γ + liq -> ε |  | experimental | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Hellawell 1957_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1957.0004) | Table II, p. 6, row 9; `ORC-POC4LB6SKP` |  |
| 1139 | γ -> α + ε | α: Cu 0.019 | experimental | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Qureshi 1961_ | Table II, p. 6, row 17; `ORC-6CFQRQ4WBU` |  |
| 1139 | γ ↔ ε + α | α: Fe 0.981 | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Qureshi 1961_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 21; `ORC-X7JZXIG76L` |  |
| 1131 | γ -> α + ε | α: Cu 0.018 | experimental | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Salje 1978_ | Table II, p. 6, row 19; `ORC-J2QBDNNTL6` |  |
| 1131 | γ ↔ ε + α | α: Fe 0.982 | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Salje 1978_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 23; `ORC-PTSYDHF5HB` |  |
| 1126 | γ ↔ ε + α | γ: Fe 0.973; ε: Fe 0.014; α: Fe 0.982 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Hasebe 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2880%2990026-7) | Table 2, p. 5, row 26; `ORC-TL4GP4ODRZ` |  |
| 1126 | γ -> α + ε | γ: Cu 0.027; α: Cu 0.018; ε: Cu 0.986 | unspecified | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Hasebe 1980_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2880%2990026-7) | Table II, p. 6, row 21; `ORC-V4UIJOKMUV` |  |
| 1124 | γ -> α + ε | γ: Cu 0.018; α: Cu 0.012; ε: Cu 0.985 | experimental | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Oelsen 1961_ | Table II, p. 6, row 15; `ORC-GNYNZCA7KM` |  |
| 1124 | γ ↔ ε + α | γ: Fe 0.982; ε: Fe 0.015; α: Fe 0.988 | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Oelsen 1961_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 20; `ORC-I34MOXHQHM` |  |
| 1124 | γ -> α + ε | γ: Cu 0.018 | unspecified | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Kubaschewski 1977_ | Table II, p. 6, row 20; `ORC-M6A2GDKGTQ` |  |
| 1124 | γ ↔ ε + α | γ: Fe 0.977 | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Speich 1966_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 22; `ORC-PVM7GVBASE` |  |
| 1124 | γ -> α + ε | γ: Cu 0.023 | experimental | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Speich 1966_ | Table II, p. 6, row 18; `ORC-QNIVGGKABJ` |  |
| 1122 | γ ↔ ε + α | γ: Fe 0.974; ε: Fe 0.013; α: Fe 0.983 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Chen 1995_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02664678) | Table 2, p. 5, row 28; `ORC-FXZRBBKT6X` |  |
| 1122 | γ -> α + ε | γ: Cu 0.026; α: Cu 0.017; ε: Cu 0.987 | model | [1] Chen 1995 | Table II, p. 6, row 23; `ORC-IG7MGJONGX` |  |
| 1120 | γ ↔ ε + α | γ: Fe 0.975; ε: Fe 0.01; α: Fe 0.984 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 2, p. 5, row 29; `ORC-RFZERKA3TR` |  |
| 1118 | γ -> α + ε | γ: Cu 0.028; α: Cu 0.021; ε: Cu 0.987 | unspecified | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Chuang 1995_ | Table II, p. 6, row 22; `ORC-5VU5KBZQNO` |  |
| 1118 | γ ↔ ε + α | γ: Fe 0.972; ε: Fe 0.013; α: Fe 0.979 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Chuang_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 27; `ORC-YG5I42OKJL` |  |
| 1115 | γ ↔ ε + α |  | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Amara 2003_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 24; `ORC-BC4HVMYCOB` |  |
| 1115 | γ ↔ ε + α |  | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Wreidt 1960_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 19; `ORC-LPMU6YRC6I` |  |
| 1115 | γ -> α + ε |  | experimental | [1] Chen 1995; _cites Wriedt 1960_ | Table II, p. 6, row 16; `ORC-OROCZNYYRG` |  |
| 124 | γ ↔ ε + α | γ: Fe 0.982 | model | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Kubaschewski 1977_ | Table 2, p. 5, row 25; `ORC-JDO4C5PYSM` |  |

## Other properties

### Mixing / partial (42)

Table: Mixing / partial, Cu–Fe system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: ⌬H_ | 11.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 1673 |  | model | [2] Turchanin 2003 | p. 8; `ORC-DH3ATFPXK5.4efda4` | “According to the present thermodynamic model of the melt, enthalpies of mixing are temperature dependent (Fig. 2), with the maximum in ⌬H predicted as 11.0 kJ mol-1 at xFe ⳱ 0.45 at 1873 K, and 11.8 kJ mol-1 at the same composition at 1673 K.” |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: ΔH_ | 2.9 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.1 | 1673 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.95, Fe 0.05_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-DDA27NGI55.ad7691` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: ΔH_ | 5.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.2 | 1673 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.9, Fe 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-WYNAPYA4VO.0d9787` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: ⌬H_ | 11 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 1873 |  | model | [2] Turchanin 2003 | p. 8; `ORC-DH3ATFPXK5.518b99` | “According to the present thermodynamic model of the melt, enthalpies of mixing are temperature dependent (Fig. 2), with the maximum in ⌬H predicted as 11.0 kJ mol-1 at xFe ⳱ 0.45 at 1873 K, and 11.8 kJ mol-1 at the same composition at 1673 K.” |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: ⌬H_ | 10.8 unspecified ± 0.7 | 1873 |  | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | p. 2; `ORC-YU7VNVJ4CK` | “Those measurements were carried out at 1873 K and covered the whole range of concentrations. As can be seen from Fig. 1, our results are in good agreement with the data of \[1967Woo, 1971Toz, 1981Yas\]. Thus, according to our work, ⌬H reaches a maximum value of 10.8 ± 0.7 kJ mol-1 at xCu ⳱ 0.43.” |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: ΔH_ | 3.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.3 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.1, Fe 0.9_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-44KA5Y6RME.9c8f8f` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: ΔH_ | 10.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.6 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.6, Fe 0.4_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-5VI6D5YC6U.f5d907` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: ΔH_ | 6 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.5 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.2, Fe 0.8_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-D2BIIK5NMB.8de995` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: ΔH_ | 8.1 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.6 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.3, Fe 0.7_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-EG55AZHIDW.3544e6` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: ΔH_ | 5 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.2 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.9, Fe 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-F4MVLTQQNN.6dc261` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: ΔH_ | 8.2 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.3 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.8, Fe 0.2_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-JXLEWG6E2Q.0d62a4` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: ΔH_ | 10.6 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.9 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.5, Fe 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-PT55LLN2A6.199949` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: ΔH_ | 9.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.8 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.4, Fe 0.6_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-TF54ICYWXC.df52c2` |  |
| Enthalpy of mixing; _printed: ΔH_ | 10.1 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.4 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.7, Fe 0.3_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-TVVS53NP2A.5ea75b` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Cu_ | 0.24 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.07 | 1673 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.95, Fe 0.05_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-DDA27NGI55.9e5622` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Fe_ | 53.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 2.5 | 1673 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.95, Fe 0.05_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-DDA27NGI55.e847d4` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Cu_ | 0 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 1673 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 1, Fe 0_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-TXBDHTVQ6B.185251` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Fe_ | 62.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 2.8 | 1673 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 1, Fe 0_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-TXBDHTVQ6B.5116e9` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Cu_ | 0.91 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.4 | 1673 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.9, Fe 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-WYNAPYA4VO.0b3a8e` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Fe_ | 45.1 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 3 | 1673 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.9, Fe 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-WYNAPYA4VO.a806c4` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Fe_ | 0.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.03 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.1, Fe 0.9_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-44KA5Y6RME.4ff88e` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Cu_ | 30.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 2.8 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.1, Fe 0.9_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-44KA5Y6RME.c0d784` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Cu_ | 4.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.4 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.6, Fe 0.4_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-5VI6D5YC6U.1964a0` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Fe_ | 12.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.6, Fe 0.4_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-5VI6D5YC6U.ad7040` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Fe_ | 59.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 3.3 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 1, Fe 0_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-BVC43B4VRA.22a5a2` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Cu_ | 0 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 1, Fe 0_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-BVC43B4VRA.9d5895` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Fe_ | 1.2 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.1 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.2, Fe 0.8_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-D2BIIK5NMB.54e389` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Cu_ | 25.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.9 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.2, Fe 0.8_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-D2BIIK5NMB.590073` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Cu_ | 21.1 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.5 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.3, Fe 0.7_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-EG55AZHIDW.2ab36b` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Fe_ | 2.6 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.3 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.3, Fe 0.7_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-EG55AZHIDW.588d16` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Fe_ | 41.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.9 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.9, Fe 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-F4MVLTQQNN.8b9f62` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Cu_ | 0.9 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.02 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.9, Fe 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-F4MVLTQQNN.e58fcc` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Cu_ | 3.2 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.1 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.8, Fe 0.2_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-JXLEWG6E2Q.da96a2` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Fe_ | 28.2 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.2 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.8, Fe 0.2_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-JXLEWG6E2Q.dffc15` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Fe_ | 7.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.9 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.5, Fe 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-PT55LLN2A6.1f2ba3` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Cu_ | 13.5 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.9 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.5, Fe 0.5_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-PT55LLN2A6.c880f6` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Cu_ | 17.2 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1.2 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.4, Fe 0.6_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-TF54ICYWXC.539da1` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Fe_ | 4.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.5 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.4, Fe 0.6_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-TF54ICYWXC.d77b90` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Fe_ | 18.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 1 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.7, Fe 0.3_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-TVVS53NP2A.010b3a` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Cu_ | 6.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 0.2 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0.7, Fe 0.3_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-TVVS53NP2A.7db28a` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Fe_ | 0 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0, Fe 1_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-UAPYVGKOWO.43ce5d` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: ΔH̄Cu_ | 36.6 kJ/mol (basis unstated) ± 3.9 | 1873 | liquid; _alloy: Cu 0, Fe 1_ | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003 | Table 1, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-UAPYVGKOWO.9db5fc` |  |

### Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (2)

Table: Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, Cu–Fe system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heat capacity; _printed: CEP_ | 4.8 unspecified ± 1 | 1673 |  | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Wilde 1997_ | p. 5; `ORC-CP2C4DS5WP.4f88ba` | “For a sample of nearly equiatomic composition, CEP is 4.8 ± 1.0 J K-1 mol-1 at 1673 K and 9.6 ± 1.0 J K-1 mol-1 at 1723 K.” |
| Heat capacity; _printed: CEP_ | 9.6 unspecified ± 1 | 1723 |  | experimental | [2] Turchanin 2003; _cites Wilde 1997_ | p. 5; `ORC-CP2C4DS5WP.98a5de` | “For a sample of nearly equiatomic composition, CEP is 4.8 ± 1.0 J K-1 mol-1 at 1673 K and 9.6 ± 1.0 J K-1 mol-1 at 1723 K.” |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Qing Chen, Zhanpeng Jin, The Fe-Cu system: A thermodynamic evaluation, Metall Mater Trans A 26, 417-426 (1995). [doi:10.1007/bf02664678](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02664678)
2. M. A. Turchanin, P. G. Agraval, I. V. Nikolaenko, Thermodynamics of alloys and phase equilibria in the copper-iron system, JPE 24, 307-319 (2003). [doi:10.1361/105497103770330280](https://doi.org/10.1361/105497103770330280)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).