# Cu–Ga system

> Cu–Ga system: 89 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 85, model expression 4) and 2 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-GA.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-GA.md

89 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 54, model 35); 2 calculated phase diagram(s). 6 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/CU-GA.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-GA.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#CU-GA) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-GA/CuGa-08Li.json) · [phases (10)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CU-GA.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/CU-GA.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-GA.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 54 |
| model | 35 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 85 |
| model expression | 4 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| CuGa-08Li.tdb | J.-B. Li, L.N. Ji, J.K. Liang, J. Luo, C.R. Li, G.H. Rao, Calphad, 32, 447-53(2008). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | `f727ba216ebfbc64fd89de20e499976268502f16853acc2d8d83aa1470749ca2` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-GA/CuGa-08Li.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuGa-08Li.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuGa-08Li.json) |
| CuGa-15Jen.tdb | D. Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik, K. Fitzner, W. Gierlotka, J. Alloys. Compd., 621, 287-94(2015). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.08.037](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.08.037) | `7aa7535e9f6134baed921abd8eb57afe43eb68944f2f1d7deff3badca2a3b697` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-GA/CuGa-15Jen.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuGa-15Jen.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuGa-15Jen.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| CuGa-08Li.tdb | 1184.06 | FCC_A1 (x(Ga) 0.16442) + BCC_A2 (x(Ga) 0.19371) + LIQUID (x(Ga) 0.20868) |
| CuGa-08Li.tdb | 1105.47 | BCC_A2 (x(Ga) 0.26603) + CUGA_GAM_1 (x(Ga) 0.30086) + LIQUID (x(Ga) 0.31423) |
| CuGa-08Li.tdb | 895.49 | FCC_A1 (x(Ga) 0.20279) + HCP_A3 (x(Ga) 0.22382) + BCC_A2 (x(Ga) 0.23698) |
| CuGa-08Li.tdb | 890 | HCP_A3 (x(Ga) 0.22601) + BCC_A2 (x(Ga) 0.2391) + CUGA_GAM_1 (x(Ga) 0.29119) |
| CuGa-08Li.tdb | 759.59 | CUGA_GAM_1 (x(Ga) 0.35404) + CUGA_GAM_2 (x(Ga) 0.36633) + LIQUID (x(Ga) 0.72599) |
| CuGa-08Li.tdb | 744.88 | CUGA_GAM_2 (x(Ga) 0.36721) + CUGA_GAM_3 (x(Ga) 0.37754) + LIQUID (x(Ga) 0.75599) |
| CuGa-08Li.tdb | 592.32 | HCP_A3 (x(Ga) 0.21323) + CU3GA_D019 (x(Ga) 0.222) + CUGA_GAM_1 (x(Ga) 0.29605) |
| CuGa-08Li.tdb | 590.71 | FCC_A1 (x(Ga) 0.19399) + HCP_A3 (x(Ga) 0.2128) + CU3GA_D019 (x(Ga) 0.222) |
| CuGa-08Li.tdb | 532.65 | CUGA_GAM_3 (x(Ga) 0.43033) + CUGA2 (x(Ga) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ga) 0.94795) |
| CuGa-08Li.tdb | 302.72 | CUGA2 (x(Ga) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ga) 0.99857) + ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 (x(Ga) 1) |
| CuGa-08Li.tdb | 302.72 | CUGA2 (x(Ga) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ga) 0.99857) + ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 (x(Ga) 1) |
| CuGa-15Jen.tdb | 1189.33 | FCC_A1 (x(Ga) 0.16618) + BCC_A2 (x(Ga) 0.19803) + LIQUID (x(Ga) 0.20944) |
| CuGa-15Jen.tdb | 1108.78 | BCC_A2 (x(Ga) 0.27779) + CUGA_GAM_1 (x(Ga) 0.29966) + LIQUID (x(Ga) 0.32558) |
| CuGa-15Jen.tdb | 893.48 | FCC_A1 (x(Ga) 0.19848) + HCP_A3 (x(Ga) 0.2185) + BCC_A2 (x(Ga) 0.23234) |
| CuGa-15Jen.tdb | 880.74 | HCP_A3 (x(Ga) 0.22267) + BCC_A2 (x(Ga) 0.23618) + CUGA_GAM_1 (x(Ga) 0.28951) |
| CuGa-15Jen.tdb | 762.05 | CUGA_GAM_1 (x(Ga) 0.35346) + CUGA_GAM_2 (x(Ga) 0.35989) + LIQUID (x(Ga) 0.73644) |
| CuGa-15Jen.tdb | 739.33 | CUGA_GAM_2 (x(Ga) 0.36159) + CUGA_GAM_3 (x(Ga) 0.39508) + LIQUID (x(Ga) 0.78256) |
| CuGa-15Jen.tdb | 598.6 | HCP_A3 (x(Ga) 0.20665) + CU3GA_D019 (x(Ga) 0.222) + CUGA_GAM_1 (x(Ga) 0.29417) |
| CuGa-15Jen.tdb | 596.5 | FCC_A1 (x(Ga) 0.1862) + HCP_A3 (x(Ga) 0.20499) + CU3GA_D019 (x(Ga) 0.222) |
| CuGa-15Jen.tdb | 596.5 | FCC_A1 (x(Ga) 0.18619) + HCP_A3 (x(Ga) 0.20497) + CU3GA_D019 (x(Ga) 0.222) |
| CuGa-15Jen.tdb | 526.65 | CUGA_GAM_3 (x(Ga) 0.41131) + CUGA2 (x(Ga) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ga) 0.93901) |
| CuGa-15Jen.tdb | 302.15 | CUGA2 (x(Ga) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ga) 0.99509) + ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 (x(Ga) 1) |
| CuGa-15Jen.tdb | 302.15 | CUGA2 (x(Ga) 0.66667) + LIQUID (x(Ga) 0.99513) + ORTHORHOMBIC_A11 (x(Ga) 1) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/CU/CU-GA.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/CU/CU-GA.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuGa-08Li](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-GA--CuGa-08Li.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Cu–Ga system (85)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1189 | LIQUID + FCC_A1 + BCC_A2 |  | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 4, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-DDPL55P5FJ` |  |
| 1188 | peritectic: fcc + L \<-> bcc | fcc: Ga 0.162; L: Ga 0.215; bcc: Ga 0.193 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Hume-Rothery 1934_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1934.0014) | Table 1, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-243YILQJWJ` |  |
| 1188 | LIQUID + FCC_A1 + BCC_A2 |  | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Hume-Rothery 1934_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1934.0014) | Table 4, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-PSRC3UKSJR` |  |
| 1184 | peritectic: fcc + L \<-> bcc | fcc: Ga 0.164; L: Ga 0.209; bcc: Ga 0.194 | model | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-42ZJ6KAAQH` |  |
| 1184 | LIQUID + FCC_A1 + BCC_A2 |  | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Li 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | Table 4, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-76FMA4GMGM` |  |
| 1182 | peritectic: fcc + L \<-> bcc | fcc: Ga 0.156; L: Ga 0.21; bcc: Ga 0.185 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Weibke 1934_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342200309) | Table 1, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-BDC7T7T4FE` |  |
| 1182 | LIQUID + FCC_A1 + BCC_A2 |  | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Weibke 1934_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-JIN3GG6MUC` |  |
| 1110 | LIQUID + BCC_A2 + GAMMA_DIS |  | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Li 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | Table 4, p. 5, row 6; `ORC-75DXGJ5AFM` |  |
| 1110 | peritectic: bcc + L \<-> gamma0 | gamma0: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 5; `ORC-JY4UV5DX2O` |  |
| 1109 | LIQUID + BCC_A2 + GAMMA_DIS |  | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 4, p. 5, row 5; `ORC-CUK4UVHOGY` |  |
| 1109 | LIQUID + BCC_A2 + GAMMA_DIS |  | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Hume-Rothery 1937_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 8; `ORC-F6X4YWVHKV` |  |
| 1109 | peritectic: bcc + L \<-> gamma0 | L: Ga 0.317; gamma0: Ga 0.295 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Betterton 1951_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 8; `ORC-SBOFUNWSPV` |  |
| 1109 | peritectic: bcc + L \<-> gamma0 | bcc: Ga 0.2745; L: Ga 0.3125; gamma0: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Hume-Rothery 1937_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 7; `ORC-YQJSKX2I55` |  |
| 1108 | peritectic: bcc + L \<-> gamma0 | bcc: Ga 0.28; L: Ga 0.305; gamma0: Ga 0.285 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Weibke 1934_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342200309) | Table 1, p. 2, row 6; `ORC-IAGAE7EJ45` |  |
| 1108 | LIQUID + BCC_A2 + GAMMA_DIS |  | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Weibke 1934_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-QJW4KXA3J6` |  |
| 1105.5 | peritectic: bcc + L \<-> gamma0 | bcc: Ga 0.266; L: Ga 0.314; gamma0: Ga 0.301 | model | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-T632A6D3SV` |  |
| 918 | order-disorder: gamma0 \<-> gamma1 | gamma0: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Betterton 1951_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 22; `ORC-QJPNOT7NWF` |  |
| 915 | order-disorder: gamma0 \<-> gamma1 | gamma0: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 21; `ORC-JFVUOKZP4D` |  |
| 912 | LIQUID + GAMMA_DIS + GAMMA_ORD | GAMMA_ORD: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 4, p. 5, row 9; `ORC-GZPVPFJF2O` |  |
| 911.2 | order-disorder: gamma0 \<-> gamma1 | gamma0: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | model | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 20; `ORC-V2MCPJCPJD` |  |
| 895.5 | peritectoid: bcc + fcc \<-> hcp | bcc: Ga 0.237; fcc: Ga 0.203; hcp: Ga 0.224 | model | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 9; `ORC-4FMVM4T3RS` |  |
| 895 | HCP_A3 + FCC_A1 + BCC_A2 |  | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Li 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | Table 4, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-N4WF5VZUQF` |  |
| 895 | eutectoid: bcc \<-> hcp + gamma0 | gamma0: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 13; `ORC-XUT6XC3RMJ` |  |
| 893 | HCP_A3 + FCC_A1 + BCC_A2 |  | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 4, p. 5, row 10; `ORC-OFID2FX3IH` |  |
| 893 | HCP_A3 + FCC_A1 + BCC_A2 |  | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Weibke 1934_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 13; `ORC-ZIOTP5GVDU` |  |
| 892.5 | peritectoid: bcc + fcc \<-> hcp | bcc: Ga 0.23; hcp: Ga 0.22 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Hume-Rothery 1937_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 10; `ORC-MICISLABKN` |  |
| 892 | HCP_A3 + FCC_A1 + BCC_A2 |  | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Hume-Rothery 1937_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 12; `ORC-UIFRWFUQNZ` |  |
| 891 | eutectoid: bcc \<-> hcp + gamma0 | bcc: Ga 0.237; hcp: Ga 0.224; gamma0: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Hume-Rothery 1937_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 14; `ORC-CWVJM37DTO` |  |
| 890 | HCP_A3 + BCC_A2 + GAMMA_DIS |  | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Li 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | Table 4, p. 5, row 15; `ORC-BOXGH7HHH4` |  |
| 890 | eutectoid: bcc \<-> hcp + gamma0 | bcc: Ga 0.239; hcp: Ga 0.226; gamma0: Ga 0.291 | model | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 12; `ORC-SRQB777JAW` |  |
| 890 | HCP_A3 + BCC_A2 + GAMMA_DIS |  | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Hume-Rothery 1937_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 16; `ORC-YUZG222KOU` |  |
| 889 | HCP_A3 + BCC_A2 + GAMMA_DIS |  | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Betterton 1952_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 17; `ORC-K2BTHKNVCO` |  |
| 889 | eutectoid: bcc \<-> hcp + gamma0 | gamma0: Ga 0.287 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Betterton 1951_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 15; `ORC-YEXN2LI7A7` |  |
| 880 | HCP_A3 + BCC_A2 + GAMMA_DIS |  | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 4, p. 5, row 14; `ORC-6L7FGR6FMX` |  |
| 776 | order-disorder: gamma0 \<-> gamma1 | gamma0: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 17; `ORC-5OWH62FKM3` |  |
| 772.8 | order-disorder: gamma0 \<-> gamma1 | gamma0: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | model | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 16; `ORC-ZWEMFFJ2CE` |  |
| 772 | GAMMA_DIS + GAMMA_ORD + HCP_A3 | GAMMA_ORD: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Li 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | Table 4, p. 5, row 19; `ORC-FJEFAWF3XK` |  |
| 768 | GAMMA_DIS + GAMMA_ORD + HCP_A3 | GAMMA_ORD: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 4, p. 5, row 18; `ORC-DFDMQ5NX6B` |  |
| 763 | order-disorder: gamma0 \<-> gamma1 | gamma0: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Betterton 1951_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 18; `ORC-6N54YT3YZ5` |  |
| 763 | GAMMA_DIS + GAMMA_ORD + HCP_A3 | GAMMA_ORD: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Betterton 1952_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 20; `ORC-TPYHTXBSNL` |  |
| 762 | GAMMA_ORD + GAMMA_2 + LIQUID | GAMMA_ORD: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; GAMMA_2: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 4, p. 5, row 21; `ORC-TL6Q3JFBWR` |  |
| 762 | eutectoid: gamma \<-> fcc + delta | gamma: Ga 0.29; fcc: Ga 0.195; delta: Ga 0.295; γ: Ga 0.29; δ: Ga 0.295 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Weibke 1934_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342200309) | Table 1, p. 2, row 19; `ORC-WFEVJ7T6JV` |  |
| 759.6 | peritectic: gamma1 + L \<-> gamma2 | gamma1: Ga 0.354; L: Ga 0.726; gamma2: Ga 0.366 | model | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 30; `ORC-O7JEGOQ5BO` |  |
| 759 | GAMMA_ORD + GAMMA_2 + LIQUID | GAMMA_ORD: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; GAMMA_2: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Li 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | Table 4, p. 5, row 22; `ORC-7MFKIAEI35` |  |
| 758 | GAMMA_ORD + GAMMA_2 + LIQUID | GAMMA_ORD: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; GAMMA_2: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Betterton 1952_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 24; `ORC-7YZBT3GYJS` |  |
| 758 | peritectic: gamma1 + L \<-> gamma2 | gamma1: Ga 0.374; gamma2: Ga 0.376 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Betterton 1951_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 32; `ORC-UW3U2YO4GU` |  |
| 756 | GAMMA_ORD + GAMMA_2 + LIQUID | GAMMA_ORD: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; GAMMA_2: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Li 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | Table 4, p. 5, row 23; `ORC-MXTMDJSZWW` |  |
| 756 | peritectic: gamma1 + L \<-> gamma2 | gamma1: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; gamma2: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 31; `ORC-UJLOHXGG7G` |  |
| 753 | peritectoid: hcp + fcc \<-> zeta' | hcp: Ga 0.22; zeta': Ga 0.213 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Hume-Rothery 1937_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 26; `ORC-ECZANH7ILS` |  |
| 751 | peritectic: gamma + L \<-> epsilon | gamma: Ga 0.374; L: Ga 0.722; epsilon: Ga 0.43; γ: Ga 0.374 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Weibke 1934_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342200309) | Table 1, p. 2, row 33; `ORC-ETYIO5W6ZL` |  |
| 751 | GAMMA_ORD + GAMMA_2 + LIQUID | GAMMA_ORD: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; GAMMA_2: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Weibke 1934_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 25; `ORC-LEBGSK7L2D` |  |
| 748 | eutectoid: hcp \<-> gamma1 + zeta' | hcp: Ga 0.226; gamma1: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; zeta': Ga 0.2165 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Hume-Rothery 1937_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 29; `ORC-TEKKS6VWUD` |  |
| 745 | peritectic: gamma2 + L \<-> gamma3 | gamma2: Ga 0.3672; L: Ga 0.756; gamma3: Ga 0.3775 | model | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 34; `ORC-67JYDUOHS7` |  |
| 745 | GAMMA_2 + LIQUID + GAMMA_3 | GAMMA_2: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; GAMMA_3: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Li 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | Table 4, p. 5, row 27; `ORC-LHIXXJ4TAL` |  |
| 741 | GAMMA_2 + LIQUID + GAMMA_3 | GAMMA_2: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; GAMMA_3: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Betterton 1952_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 29; `ORC-5QCZZGMGQC` |  |
| 741 | peritectic: gamma2 + L \<-> gamma3 | gamma2: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; gamma3: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 35; `ORC-7QQB2SHHS2` |  |
| 741 | GAMMA_2 + LIQUID + GAMMA_3 | GAMMA_2: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; GAMMA_3: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Li 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | Table 4, p. 5, row 28; `ORC-K22ZGMVOEL` |  |
| 741 | peritectic: gamma2 + L \<-> gamma3 | gamma2: Ga 0.377; gamma3: Ga 0.381 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Betterton 1951_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 36; `ORC-VO7CKJ3AD6` |  |
| 740 | other: epsilon \<-> epsilon' | epsilon: Ga 0.741 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Weibke 1934_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342200309) | Table 1, p. 2, row 37; `ORC-PH6KU5YMAJ` |  |
| 740 | GAMMA_2 + LIQUID + GAMMA_3 | GAMMA_2: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; GAMMA_3: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Weibke 1934_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 30; `ORC-VPBTAZCGZL` |  |
| 739 | GAMMA_2 + LIQUID + GAMMA_3 | GAMMA_2: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; GAMMA_3: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 4, p. 5, row 26; `ORC-DLAFVNK436` |  |
| 598 | GAMMA_ORD + HCP_A3 + CU0778GA0222 | GAMMA_ORD: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; CU0778GA0222: Cu 0.778, Ga 0.222 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 4, p. 5, row 31; `ORC-FDEXW66UMI` |  |
| 596 | HCP_A3 + CU0778GA0222 + FCC_A1 | CU0778GA0222: Cu 0.778, Ga 0.222 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 4, p. 5, row 34; `ORC-WYA7HY6BQK` |  |
| 595 | peritectoid: hcp + gamma1 \<-> zeta' | hcp: Ga 0.205; gamma1: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; zeta': Ga 0.219 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Kittl 1964_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 28; `ORC-BA7MYO42MK` |  |
| 595 | GAMMA_ORD + HCP_A3 + CU0778GA0222 | GAMMA_ORD: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; CU0778GA0222: Cu 0.778, Ga 0.222 | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Kittl 1965_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 33; `ORC-GBQYUR332B` |  |
| 595 | eutectoid: hcp \<-> fcc + zeta' | zeta': Ga 0.219 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Kittl 1964_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 25; `ORC-GVR7EKMZLF` |  |
| 595 | HCP_A3 + CU0778GA0222 + FCC_A1 | CU0778GA0222: Cu 0.778, Ga 0.222 | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Kittl 1965_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 36; `ORC-QXRSUZ4JDD` |  |
| 593 | GAMMA_ORD + HCP_A3 + CU0778GA0222 | GAMMA_ORD: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; CU0778GA0222: Cu 0.778, Ga 0.222 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Li 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | Table 4, p. 5, row 32; `ORC-HANRIA53K6` |  |
| 592 | peritectoid: hcp + gamma1 \<-> zeta' | hcp: Ga 0.213; gamma1: Ga 0.296; zeta': Ga 0.222 | model | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 27; `ORC-E57GNONTWB` |  |
| 591 | HCP_A3 + CU0778GA0222 + FCC_A1 | CU0778GA0222: Cu 0.778, Ga 0.222 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Li 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | Table 4, p. 5, row 35; `ORC-XPOJLJBB4B` |  |
| 591 | eutectoid: hcp \<-> fcc + zeta' | hcp: Ga 0.213; fcc: Ga 0.194; zeta': Ga 0.222 | model | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 24; `ORC-XSUQ3HKGWM` |  |
| 532.6 | peritectic: gamma3 + L \<-> CuGa2 | gamma3: Ga 0.43; L: Ga 0.948; CuGa2: Cu 0.333333, Ga 0.666667 | model | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 38; `ORC-7K3JICSBDX` |  |
| 532 | LIQUID + GAMMA_3 + CUGA2 | GAMMA_3: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; CUGA2: Cu 0.333333, Ga 0.666667 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Li 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | Table 4, p. 5, row 38; `ORC-3KBD4Y7JR2` |  |
| 532 | LIQUID + GAMMA_3 + CUGA2 | GAMMA_3: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; CUGA2: Cu 0.333333, Ga 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Li 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | Table 4, p. 5, row 39; `ORC-3ZHBNWUSUS` |  |
| 532 | peritectic: gamma3 + L \<-> CuGa2 | gamma3: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; CuGa2: Cu 0.333333, Ga 0.666667 | experimental | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 39; `ORC-LEDBBFDV7T` |  |
| 527 | peritectic: gamma3 + L \<-> CuGa2 | gamma3: Ga 0.426; CuGa2: Cu 0.333333, Ga 0.666667 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Betterton 1951_ | Table 1, p. 2, row 41; `ORC-4AJBGTCWCZ` |  |
| 527 | LIQUID + GAMMA_3 + CUGA2 | GAMMA_3: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; CUGA2: Cu 0.333333, Ga 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Betterton 1952_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 41; `ORC-OE337ZB5DQ` |  |
| 526 | LIQUID + GAMMA_3 + CUGA2 | GAMMA_3: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; CUGA2: Cu 0.333333, Ga 0.666667 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 4, p. 5, row 37; `ORC-5KXKA7WWZI` |  |
| 522 | LIQUID + GAMMA_3 + CUGA2 | GAMMA_3: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; CUGA2: Cu 0.333333, Ga 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Weibke 1934_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 40; `ORC-22CZXOAM2I` |  |
| 522 | peritectic: gamma3 + L \<-> CuGa2 | gamma3: Cu 0.5, Ga 0.5; L: Ga 0.94; CuGa2: Ga 0.56 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Weibke 1934_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342200309) | Table 1, p. 2, row 40; `ORC-VWW5LAUUJB` |  |
| 302.7 | eutectic: L \<-> CuGa2 + Ga | L: Ga 0.9986; CuGa2: Cu 0.333333, Ga 0.666667; Ga: Ga 1 | model | [2] Li 2008 | Table 1, p. 2, row 42; `ORC-QXI6FWIJBD` |  |
| 302 | LIQUID + CUGA2 + ORTHORHOMBIC_GA | CUGA2: Cu 0.333333, Ga 0.666667 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 4, p. 5, row 42; `ORC-4RSST5SVQA` |  |
| 302 | eutectic: L \<-> CuGa2 + Ga | L: Ga 0.99; CuGa2: Ga 0.56; Ga: Ga 1 | experimental | [2] Li 2008; _cites Weibke 1934_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19342200309) | Table 1, p. 2, row 43; `ORC-C4BST6RAST` |  |
| 302 | LIQUID + CUGA2 + ORTHORHOMBIC_GA | CUGA2: Cu 0.333333, Ga 0.666667 | model | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Li 2008_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006) | Table 4, p. 5, row 43; `ORC-FQIU42FH54` |  |
| 302 | LIQUID + CUGA2 + ORTHORHOMBIC_GA | CUGA2: Cu 0.333333, Ga 0.666667 | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015; _cites Weibke 1934_ | Table 4, p. 5, row 44; `ORC-TWPIHVJAA5` |  |

## Other properties

### Model expression (4)

Table: Model expression, Cu–Ga system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| emf expression term; _printed: a_ | 0.486 V |  | UNKNOWN; _alloy: Cu 0, Ga 1_ | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 2, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-HTTCR7QL5E.dc3060` |  |
| emf expression term; _printed: a_ | 0.717 V |  | UNKNOWN; _alloy: Cu 0.68, Ga 0.32_ | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 2, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-KBPIDUXNJB.fcc0be` |  |
| emf expression term; _printed: a_ | 0.195 V |  | UNKNOWN; _alloy: Cu 0.9, Ga 0.1_ | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 2, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-SI3MNWFVHG.1dbda2` |  |
| emf expression term; _printed: a_ | 0.464 V |  | UNKNOWN; _alloy: Cu 0.25, Ga 0.75_ | experimental | [1] Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik 2015 | Table 2, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-VQV3XXH7M3.58b7ce` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Dominika Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik, Krzysztof Fitzner, Wojciech Gierlotka, On the Cu–Ga system: Electromotive force measurement and thermodynamic reoptimization, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 621, 287-294 (2015). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.08.037](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.08.037)
2. J.-B. Li, L.N. Ji, J.K. Liang, Y. Zhang, J. Luo, C.R. Li et al., A thermodynamic assessment of the copper–gallium system, Calphad 32, 447-453 (2008). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.006)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).