# Cu–Li system

> Cu–Li system: 75 accepted literature values (activity / EMF / Gibbs energy 30, phase transition 17, phase equilibrium 17, heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy 4) and 3 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-LI.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-LI.md

75 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 72, model 3); 3 calculated phase diagram(s). 3 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/CU-LI.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-LI.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#CU-LI) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-LI/CuLi-09Gas.json) · [phases (5)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CU-LI.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/CU-LI.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-LI.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 72 |
| model | 3 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 1 |
| phase transition | 17 |
| phase equilibrium | 17 |
| mixing / partial | 4 |
| heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy | 4 |
| activity / EMF / Gibbs energy | 30 |
| model expression | 2 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| CuLi-09Gas.tdb | W. Gasior, B. Onderka, Z. Moser, A. Debski, T. Gancarz, Calphad, 33, 215-20(2009). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.10.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.10.006) | `1b32f2fc937850708e214b6931ea8b2e4e43da33fe51785def0e752909ea49e5` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-LI/CuLi-09Gas.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuLi-09Gas.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuLi-09Gas.json) |
| CuLi-16Li.tdb | D. Li, S. Fuertauer, H. Flandorfer, D.M. Cupid, Calphad, 53, 105-15(2016). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2016.04.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2016.04.003) | `f42782ad44b9e5150414c0d5334edbf6ba2fd069ddbc57052049c6ce79c20263` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-LI/CuLi-16Li.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuLi-16Li.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuLi-16Li.json) |
| CuLi-98Sau-LB.tdb | N. Saunders, COST 507, Final report round 2, 1998. | `d46bb41de43190bdbb966087ef3384e50a00849f7704ead4368d0fc8aa70df4d` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-LI/CuLi-98Sau-LB.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuLi-98Sau-LB.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuLi-98Sau-LB.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| CuLi-09Gas.tdb | 453.6 | FCC_A1 (x(Li) 0.18339) + LIQUID (x(Li) 0.9999) + BCC_A2 (x(Li) 0.99991) |
| CuLi-16Li.tdb | 453.56 | FCC_A1 (x(Li) 0.20493) + LIQUID (x(Li) 0.99992) + BCC_A2 (x(Li) 1) |
| CuLi-16Li.tdb | 453.56 | FCC_A1 (x(Li) 0.20493) + LIQUID (x(Li) 0.99992) + BCC_A2 (x(Li) 1) |
| CuLi-98Sau-LB.tdb | 453.6 | FCC_A1 (x(Li) 0.22687) + BCC_A2 (x(Li) 1) + LIQUID (x(Li) 1) |
| CuLi-98Sau-LB.tdb | 453.6 | FCC_A1 (x(Li) 0.22688) + LIQUID (x(Li) 1) + BCC_A2 (x(Li) 1) |
| CuLi-98Sau-LB.tdb | 453.6 | FCC_A1 (x(Li) 0.22684) + BCC_A2 (x(Li) 1) + LIQUID (x(Li) 1) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/CU/CU-LI.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/CU/CU-LI.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuLi-09Gas](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-LI--CuLi-09Gas.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuLi-98Sau-LB](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-LI--CuLi-98Sau-LB.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Cu–Li system (1)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 453.6 | other: Liquid -> fcc-A1 + bcc-A2 | Liquid: Li 1; fcc-A1: Li 0.228; bcc-A2: Li 1 | model | [1] (ed.) 1998 | Table I, p. 185, row 1; `ORC-UOGWGR7XNM` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (17)

Table: Phase transition, Cu–Li system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 453 K | 453 | other: 10; _alloy: Cu 0.6, Li 0.4_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 15; `ORC-XXIVBF63SM` |  |
| Phase transition | 453 K | 453 | other: 11; _alloy: Cu 0.55, Li 0.45_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 17; `ORC-IST2HWJKXW` |  |
| Phase transition | 453 K | 453 | other: 12; _alloy: Cu 0.45, Li 0.55_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 19; `ORC-6P4XAI3IAH` |  |
| Phase transition | 453 K | 453 | other: 13; _alloy: Cu 0.4, Li 0.6_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 21; `ORC-WQAQFPX2MX` |  |
| Phase transition | 453 K | 453 | other: 14; _alloy: Cu 0.35, Li 0.65_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 23; `ORC-WVE7BYN3ZD` |  |
| Phase transition | 453 K | 453 | other: 15; _alloy: Cu 0.3, Li 0.7_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 25; `ORC-EECZ2GCHTI` |  |
| Phase transition | 453 K | 453 | other: 16; _alloy: Cu 0.25, Li 0.75_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 27; `ORC-7NV5MMZKNM` |  |
| Phase transition | 453 K | 453 | other: 17; _alloy: Cu 0.15, Li 0.85_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 29; `ORC-IUF4V7ST6D` |  |
| Phase transition | 453 K | 453 | other: 18; _alloy: Cu 0.02, Li 0.98_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 31; `ORC-QDOWGD4YIV` |  |
| Phase transition | 453 K | 453 | other: 19 | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 33; `ORC-JMNIQIPHS2` |  |
| Phase transition | 453 K | 453 | other: 6; _alloy: Cu 0.75, Li 0.25_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 7; `ORC-ZVRHRBJPGR` |  |
| Phase transition | 453 K | 453 | other: 7; _alloy: Cu 0.73, Li 0.27_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 9; `ORC-4ZAD77635N` |  |
| Phase transition | 453 K | 453 | other: 8; _alloy: Cu 0.7, Li 0.3_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 11; `ORC-3AWEPUKJRS` |  |
| Phase transition | 453 K | 453 | other: 9; _alloy: Cu 0.65, Li 0.35_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 13; `ORC-5X7SGUF47A` |  |
| Phase transition | 476 K | 476 | other: 1; _alloy: Cu 0.82, Li 0.18_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-W7OX3CO7DH` |  |
| Phase transition | 753 K | 753 | other | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | p. 6; `ORC-CD7UKDLZLU` | “Apart from the eutectic transformation, another one was observed at the estimated temperature equal to 753 K (480 ◦ C), which could be connected with the formation of the entropy-stabilized Cu2 Li3 phase.” |
| Phase transition | 838 K | 838 | other: 2; _alloy: Cu 0.82, Li 0.18_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-I4TH6IWYSN` |  |

### Phase equilibrium (17)

Table: Phase equilibrium, Cu–Li system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase composition |  | 893 | other: 18; _liquid: Cu 0.02, Li 0.98_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 32; `ORC-DK7F44GQ3Q` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1038 | other: 17; _liquid: Cu 0.15, Li 0.85_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 30; `ORC-4CGNHZJWS7` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1113 | other: 16; _liquid: Cu 0.25, Li 0.75_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 28; `ORC-NXHDJW2EZV` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1118 | other: 13; _liquid: Cu 0.4, Li 0.6_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 22; `ORC-Q43X67UFZW` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1118 | other: 14; _liquid: Cu 0.35, Li 0.65_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 24; `ORC-PEIDAFU4WZ` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1120 | other: 15; _liquid: Cu 0.3, Li 0.7_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 26; `ORC-RQBS2W7JZD` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1148 | other: 11; _liquid: Cu 0.55, Li 0.45_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 18; `ORC-PZ7STEWLXR` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1148 | other: 12; _liquid: Cu 0.45, Li 0.55_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 20; `ORC-O4OCOA2XCF` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1151 | other: 10; _liquid: Cu 0.6, Li 0.4_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 16; `ORC-JULCHL3OA3` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1158 | other: 9; _liquid: Cu 0.65, Li 0.35_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 14; `ORC-JBGKF4HAQK` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1175 | other: 7; _liquid: Cu 0.73, Li 0.27_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 10; `ORC-IOOKM2WZ3K` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1176 | other: 8; _liquid: Cu 0.7, Li 0.3_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 12; `ORC-YZGGH3Z4TO` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1188 | other: 3; _liquid: Cu 0.81, Li 0.19_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-MZ7PADHFFC` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1188 | other: 4; _liquid: Cu 0.79, Li 0.21_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 5; `ORC-BST4CD4D63` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1188 | other: 5; _liquid: Cu 0.77, Li 0.23_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-E4MWBGU53C` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1189 | other: 6; _liquid: Cu 0.75, Li 0.25_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 8; `ORC-AZ6NZ7IUV7` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1215 | other: 1; _liquid: Cu 0.82, Li 0.18_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 3, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-6GSGQELHDL` |  |

### Mixing / partial (4)

Table: Mixing / partial, Cu–Li system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: H_Li_ | -34.7072 kJ/mol (basis unstated) |  | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.85, Li 0.15_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-6MGW4XGYPL.99258b` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: H_Li_ | -48.6058 kJ/mol (basis unstated) |  | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.875, Li 0.125_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-FUZSW6M67T.62bb3d` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: H_Li_ | -100.833 kJ/mol (basis unstated) |  | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.9, Li 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-MJVPXLIHRY.4437f3` |  |
| Partial enthalpy; _printed: H_Li_ | -16.2861 kJ/mol (basis unstated) |  | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.825, Li 0.175_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-UIBSTP5I2J.e5b8fc` |  |

### Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy (4)

Table: Heat capacity / entropy / enthalpy, Cu–Li system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entropy; _printed: S^ex_Li_ | -48.6 J/mol (basis unstated)/K |  | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.85, Li 0.15_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-6MGW4XGYPL.622818` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: S^ex_Li_ | -61.9 J/mol (basis unstated)/K |  | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.875, Li 0.125_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-FUZSW6M67T.004ecf` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: S^ex_Li_ | -117 J/mol (basis unstated)/K |  | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.9, Li 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-MJVPXLIHRY.2bcf08` |  |
| Entropy; _printed: S^ex_Li_ | -26.8 J/mol (basis unstated)/K |  | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.825, Li 0.175_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-UIBSTP5I2J.17878b` |  |

### Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy (30)

Table: Activity / EMF / Gibbs energy, Cu–Li system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activity Li; _printed: a_Li_ | 0.01977 1 | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.9, Li 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 2, p. 3, row 6; `ORC-77B4KTZTGT` |  |
| Activity Li; _printed: aLi (633 K)_ | 0.02076 1 | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.875, Li 0.125_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 2, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-EI4TX3N36O.164de5` |  |
| Activity Li; _printed: aLi (773 K)_ | 0.11059 1 | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.875, Li 0.125_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 2, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-EI4TX3N36O.5f8a3e` |  |
| Activity Li; _printed: aLi (873 K)_ | 0.26301 1 | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.875, Li 0.125_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 2, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-EI4TX3N36O.cb0df6` |  |
| Activity Li; _printed: aLi (633 K)_ | 6.200e-4 1 | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.9, Li 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 2, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-KVBKZ3MJND.62acbf` |  |
| Activity Li; _printed: aLi (873 K)_ | 0.1193 1 | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.9, Li 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 2, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-KVBKZ3MJND.88a224` |  |
| Activity Li; _printed: aLi (633 K)_ | 0.07065 1 | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.85, Li 0.15_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-VCCPEXNAHP.1170d1` |  |
| Activity Li; _printed: aLi (873 K)_ | 0.43305 1 | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.85, Li 0.15_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-VCCPEXNAHP.d26b6a` |  |
| Activity Li; _printed: aLi (773 K)_ | 0.23328 1 | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.85, Li 0.15_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 2, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-VCCPEXNAHP.f40fde` |  |
| Activity Li; _printed: aLi (633 K)_ | 0.19779 1 | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.825, Li 0.175_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-XC72JCWJXY.3a2a21` |  |
| Activity Li; _printed: aLi (773 K)_ | 0.34645 1 | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.825, Li 0.175_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-XC72JCWJXY.619587` |  |
| Activity Li; _printed: aLi (873 K)_ | 0.46314 1 | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.825, Li 0.175_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 2, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-XC72JCWJXY.8bc13d` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: G^ex_Li (633 K)_ | -3962 J/mol | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.85, Li 0.15_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-6MGW4XGYPL.98e211` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: G^ex_Li (633 K)_ | -9447.7 J/mol | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.875, Li 0.125_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-FUZSW6M67T.cc3b1c` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: G^ex_Li (633 K)_ | -26791.7 J/mol | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.9, Li 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-MJVPXLIHRY.5512e9` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: G^ex_Li (633 K)_ | 644.4 J/mol | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.825, Li 0.175_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-UIBSTP5I2J.649a1e` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: G^ex_Li (773 K)_ | 2837.9 J/mol | 773 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.85, Li 0.15_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-6MGW4XGYPL.d64e9e` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: G^ex_Li (773 K)_ | -787.2 J/mol | 773 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.875, Li 0.125_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-FUZSW6M67T.46710b` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: G^ex_Li (773 K)_ | -10416.1 J/mol | 773 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.9, Li 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-MJVPXLIHRY.42b2b9` |  |
| Chemical potential; _printed: G^ex_Li (773 K)_ | 4388.9 J/mol | 773 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.825, Li 0.175_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-UIBSTP5I2J.6559c6` |  |
| Gibbs energy; _printed: G^ex_Li (633 K)_ | -3962 J/mol | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.85, Li 0.15_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-6MGW4XGYPL.7f511a` |  |
| Gibbs energy; _printed: G^ex_Li (633 K)_ | -9447.7 J/mol | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.875, Li 0.125_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-FUZSW6M67T.a4bc8f` |  |
| Gibbs energy; _printed: G^ex_Li (633 K)_ | -26791.7 J/mol | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.9, Li 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-MJVPXLIHRY.3d0158` |  |
| Gibbs energy; _printed: G^ex_Li (633 K)_ | 644.4 J/mol | 633 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.825, Li 0.175_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-UIBSTP5I2J.64ce8d` |  |
| Gibbs energy; _printed: G^ex_Li (773 K)_ | 2837.9 J/mol | 773 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.85, Li 0.15_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 3; `ORC-6MGW4XGYPL.986ebd` |  |
| Gibbs energy; _printed: G^ex_Li (773 K)_ | -787.2 J/mol | 773 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.875, Li 0.125_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-FUZSW6M67T.b3903a` |  |
| Gibbs energy; _printed: G^ex_Li (773 K)_ | -10416.1 J/mol | 773 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.9, Li 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-MJVPXLIHRY.10607d` |  |
| Gibbs energy; _printed: G^ex_Li (773 K)_ | 4388.9 J/mol | 773 | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.825, Li 0.175_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 4; `ORC-UIBSTP5I2J.22fea9` |  |
| Gibbs energy; _printed: excess Gibbs free energy_ | 3.18 kJ/mol | 1373 |  | model | [2] Gąsior 2009 | p. 5; `ORC-W45U4USY57.4acb5e` | “Because of the low positive value of the excess entropy, the excess Gibbs free energy slowly decreases with the increasing of the temperature (3.18 kJ/mol at 1373 K (1100 ◦ C) and 3.02 kJ/mol at 1573 K (1300 ◦ C)).” |
| Gibbs energy; _printed: excess Gibbs free energy_ | 3.02 kJ/mol | 1573 |  | model | [2] Gąsior 2009 | p. 5; `ORC-W45U4USY57.9de4ff` | “Because of the low positive value of the excess entropy, the excess Gibbs free energy slowly decreases with the increasing of the temperature (3.18 kJ/mol at 1373 K (1100 ◦ C) and 3.02 kJ/mol at 1573 K (1300 ◦ C)).” |

### Model expression (2)

Table: Model expression, Cu–Li system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| emf expression term; _printed: E = a + bT: b_ | -0.4619 mV/K |  | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.875, Li 0.125_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 2; `ORC-FUZSW6M67T.2b9931` |  |
| emf expression term; _printed: E = a + bT: b_ | -1.0137 mV/K |  | fcc-(Cu); _alloy: Cu 0.9, Li 0.1_ | experimental | [2] Gąsior 2009 | Table 1, p. 3, row 1; `ORC-MJVPXLIHRY.d79769` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. I. Ansara, A. T. Dinsdale, M. H. Rand (eds.), COST 507: Thermochemical database for light metal alloys, Volume 2, EUR 18499 EN, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg (1998), ISBN 92-828-3902-8.
2. W. Gąsior, B. Onderka, Z. Moser, A. Dębski, T. Gancarz, Thermodynamic evaluation of Cu–Li phase diagram from EMF measurements and DTA study, Calphad 33, 215-220 (2009). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2008.10.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.10.006)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).