# Cu–Pb system

> Cu–Pb system: 46 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 42, phase transition 4) and 4 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-PB.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-PB.md

46 accepted literature values from 2 paper(s) (experimental 28, model 15, unspecified 3); 4 calculated phase diagram(s).

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/CU-PB.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-PB.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#CU-PB) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-PB/CuPb-00Wan.json) · [phases (4)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CU-PB.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/CU-PB.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-PB.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 28 |
| model | 15 |
| unspecified | 3 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 42 |
| phase transition | 4 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| CuPb-00Wan.tdb | C.P. Wang, X.J. Liu, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Calphad, 24, 149-67(2000). [doi:10.1016/S0364-5916(00)00020-1](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0364-5916%2800%2900020-1) | `325b09773e6921c6e58e7e1a175e83b23c6a7bd803b4046508b0f7eb2a6fc427` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-PB/CuPb-00Wan.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuPb-00Wan.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuPb-00Wan.json) |
| CuPb-01Ond.tdb | B. Onderka, L.A. Zabdyr, Scand. J. Metall., 30, 320-23(2001). [doi:10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300507.x](https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300507.x) | `05b1425b6f848b48037b6283ddc79836f58486bc09657a2ecf0e5afd374bcd5d` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-PB/CuPb-01Ond.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuPb-01Ond.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuPb-01Ond.json) |
| CuPb-13Vaa.tdb | I. Vaajamo, H. Johto, P. Taskinen, Int. J. Mater. Res., 104, 372-76(2013). [doi:10.3139/146.110876](https://doi.org/10.3139/146.110876) | `98775991a8aa6392e97595d6abf40e92ae8f3fe9f4b7c5cb210302c96c350210` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-PB/CuPb-13Vaa.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuPb-13Vaa.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuPb-13Vaa.json) |
| CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb | F.H. Hayes, H.L. Lukas, G. Effenberg, G. Petzow, Z. Metallkd., 77, 749-54(1986). [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1986-771108](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1986-771108) | `f43832e2238dd6fd86fc29f93010985258fb8ca31f6fc4daa50361d5dce9119a` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-PB/CuPb-86Hay-LB.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuPb-86Hay-LB.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| CuPb-00Wan.tdb | 1225.83 | FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.22607) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.57616) |
| CuPb-00Wan.tdb | 1225.83 | FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.22606) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.57618) |
| CuPb-00Wan.tdb | 600.61 | FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 0) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 1) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 1) |
| CuPb-00Wan.tdb | 599.47 | FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 0) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.9981) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 1) |
| CuPb-00Wan.tdb | 599.47 | FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 0) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99815) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 1) |
| CuPb-00Wan.tdb | 599.47 | FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99815) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 1) |
| CuPb-01Ond.tdb | 1229.24 | FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.00322) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.18702) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.64825) |
| CuPb-01Ond.tdb | 599.74 | FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 6.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99853) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.99994) |
| CuPb-13Vaa.tdb | 1229.9 | FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 2.800e-4) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.22455) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.57407) |
| CuPb-13Vaa.tdb | 1229.9 | FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 2.800e-4) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.22454) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.5741) |
| CuPb-13Vaa.tdb | 599.62 | FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99839) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.99999) |
| CuPb-13Vaa.tdb | 599.62 | FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99839) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 0.99999) |
| CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb | 1229.91 | FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.0075) + LIQUID#2 (x(Pb) 0.22238) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.63076) |
| CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb | 599.41 | FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99805) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.99999) |
| CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb | 599.41 | FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99805) + FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 0.99999) |
| CuPb-86Hay-LB.tdb | 599.41 | FCC_A1 (x(Pb) 1.000e-5) + LIQUID (x(Pb) 0.99805) + FCC_A1#2 (x(Pb) 0.99999) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/CU/CU-PB.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/CU/CU-PB.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuPb-00Wan](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-PB--CuPb-00Wan.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuPb-01Ond](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-PB--CuPb-01Ond.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuPb-86Hay-LB](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-PB--CuPb-86Hay-LB.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Cu–Pb system (42)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1773.2 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 |  | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 13Bor_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 1; `ORC-ZMRD4A6OS6` |  |
| 1373 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 |  | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 58Abd_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 7; `ORC-OEHTSJ5PWC` |  |
| 1327 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 | L: Pb 0.364 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 82Esd_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 13; `ORC-LJ3EFWFQOJ` |  |
| 1298.2 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 | L: Pb 0.358 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 13Fri_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 2; `ORC-HV72FE2ZFV` |  |
| 1281.2 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 | L: Pb 0.44 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 72Esd_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 15; `ORC-VB5I4SKQ4V` |  |
| 1277 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 | L: Pb 0.355 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 62Sch2_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 10; `ORC-3FAS2TMZTB` |  |
| 1275 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 | L: Pb 0.355 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 65Sch1_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 9; `ORC-67BSUNLMJO` |  |
| 1274.2 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 | L: Pb 0.365 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 31Bri_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 4; `ORC-OXZAWY5A5A` |  |
| 1273.2 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 | L: Pb 0.315 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 62Szk_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 8; `ORC-UOR4CGWGJF` |  |
| 1268.2 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 | L: Pb 0.35 | unspecified | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 94Cha_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 16; `ORC-HRHN4TYJ5G` |  |
| 1263.2 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 | L: Pb 0.34 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 55Sei_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 5; `ORC-3NN74YIH35` |  |
| 1263.2 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 | L: Pb 0.345 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 58And_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 14; `ORC-GOR4U6YJOY` |  |
| 1263.2 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 | L: Pb 0.334 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 56Pel_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 6; `ORC-ZYEYDOW43V` |  |
| 1256 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 | L: Pb 0.363 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 80Tim_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 12; `ORC-L4MFLNXYQJ` |  |
| 1254.7 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 | L: Pb 0.372 | model | [1] Wang 2000 | Table 4, p. 18, row 18; `ORC-BM7RHXKBZ3` |  |
| 1253.7 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 | L: Pb 0.372 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 99Kha_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 17; `ORC-4TVDM6VAVB` |  |
| 1253 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 |  | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 67Jac_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 11; `ORC-FXGMVTLADT` |  |
| 1248.2 | critical point: L \<-> L1+L2 |  | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 15Bog_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 3; `ORC-DF66NFFSUC` |  |
| 1230.2 | monotectic: L1 \<-> L2+(Cu) | L1: Pb 0.25; L2: Pb 0.67 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 33Nis_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 23; `ORC-DXGDHXT4W5` |  |
| 1229.4 | monotectic: L1=(Cu)+L2 | L1: Pb 0.187; (Cu): Pb 0.0032; L2: Pb 0.648 | model | [2] Onderka 2001 | Table 2, p. 2, row 8; `ORC-57OO5ETY7A` |  |
| 1228.2 | monotectic: L1 \<-> L2+(Cu) | L1: Pb 0.155; L2: Pb 0.65 | unspecified | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 94Cha_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 28; `ORC-XS73LKMIH2` |  |
| 1228.2 | monotectic: L1 \<-> L2+(Cu) | L1: Pb 0.16; L2: Pb 0.64 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 56Pel_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 24; `ORC-YTOLBGTL64` |  |
| 1228 | monotectic: L1 \<-> L2+(Cu) | L1: Pb 0.218; L2: Pb 0.63 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 72Esd_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 27; `ORC-ADSZQ5BEZ2` |  |
| 1228 | monotectic: L1 \<-> L2+(Cu) | L1: Pb 0.147; L2: Pb 0.795 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 13Bor_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 20; `ORC-RB77UPR5MD` |  |
| 1228 | monotectic: L1=(Cu)+L2 | L1: Pb 0.155; (Cu): Pb 0; L2: Pb 0.65 | model | [2] Onderka 2001; _cites Chakrabarti 1984_ | Table 2, p. 2, row 5; `ORC-W3E3MRJ4B2` |  |
| 1227.6 | monotectic: L1=(Cu)+L2 | L1: Pb 0.18; (Cu): Pb 0.004; L2: Pb 0.57 | model | [2] Onderka 2001; _cites Teppo 1991_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2891%2980126-4) | Table 2, p. 2, row 7; `ORC-V4DJVLRZND` |  |
| 1227.2 | monotectic: L1 \<-> L2+(Cu) | L1: Pb 0.147; L2: Pb 0.67 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 58And_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 26; `ORC-DED32ZMS76` |  |
| 1227.2 | monotectic: L1 \<-> L2+(Cu) | L1: Pb 0.17; L2: Pb 0.65 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 1897Hey_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 19; `ORC-V6SG55UOX7` |  |
| 1226.2 | monotectic: L1 \<-> L2+(Cu) | L1: Pb 0.21; L2: Pb 0.57 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 13Fri_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 21; `ORC-KDKKTGQ5HA` |  |
| 1226 | monotectic: L1 \<-> L2+(Cu) | L1: Pb 0.226; L2: Pb 0.576 | model | [1] Wang 2000 | Table 4, p. 18, row 30; `ORC-CE2GNKN4ZC` |  |
| 1225.9 | monotectic: L1 \<-> L2+(Cu) | L1: Pb 0.218; L2: Pb 0.582 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 99Kha_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 29; `ORC-IVCS5UGLSD` |  |
| 1225.4 | monotectic: L1=(Cu)+L2 | L1: Pb 0.2167; (Cu): Pb 0; L2: Pb 0.627 | model | [2] Onderka 2001; _cites Niemela 1986_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2886%2990011-8) | Table 2, p. 2, row 6; `ORC-L2CKQPV456` |  |
| 1225.2 | monotectic: L1 \<-> L2+(Cu) | L1: Pb 0.149; L2: Pb 0.646 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 65Sch2_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 25; `ORC-TDD6TNUGY6` |  |
| 1213.2 | monotectic: L1 \<-> L2+(Cu) | L1: Pb 0.14; L2: Pb 0.67 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 15Bog_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 22; `ORC-BNYKOBBXMC` |  |
| 599.8 | eutectic: L2=(Cu)+(Pb) | L2: Pb 0.9985; (Cu): Pb 5.700e-5; (Pb): Pb 1 | model | [2] Onderka 2001 | Table 2, p. 2, row 12; `ORC-BGINVYOJW7` |  |
| 599.7 | eutectic: L2=(Cu)+(Pb) | L2: Pb 0.9985; (Cu): Pb 0; (Pb): Pb 1 | model | [2] Onderka 2001; _cites Teppo 1991_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2891%2980126-4) | Table 2, p. 2, row 11; `ORC-6GG4YU6SZS` |  |
| 599.5 | eutectic: L2 \<-> (Pb)+(Cu) | L2: Pb 0.998 | model | [1] Wang 2000 | Table 4, p. 18, row 34; `ORC-J4CX2YLHW7` |  |
| 599.2 | eutectic: L2 \<-> (Pb)+(Cu) | L2: Pb 0.998 | unspecified | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 94Cha_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 33; `ORC-4QCJFIR53S` |  |
| 599.2 | eutectic: L2 \<-> (Pb)+(Cu) | L2: Pb 0.998 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 13Bor_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 31; `ORC-QWIZYQ75VG` |  |
| 599 | eutectic: L2=(Cu)+(Pb) | L2: Pb 0.998; (Cu): Pb 0; (Pb): Pb 1 | model | [2] Onderka 2001; _cites Chakrabarti 1984_ | Table 2, p. 2, row 9; `ORC-P63ZCC3WC4` |  |
| 598.7 | eutectic: L2 \<-> (Pb)+(Cu) | L2: Pb 0.996 | experimental | [1] Wang 2000; _cites ref. 55Pel_ | Table 4, p. 18, row 32; `ORC-UXWXI7SVKT` |  |
| 598.7 | eutectic: L2=(Cu)+(Pb) | L2: Pb 0.997; (Cu): Pb 0; (Pb): Pb 1 | model | [2] Onderka 2001; _cites Niemela 1986_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2886%2990011-8) | Table 2, p. 2, row 10; `ORC-YUX65G7RZ4` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (4)

Table: Phase transition, Cu–Pb system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 1268 K | 1268 | critical point: L1=L2; _L1: Pb 0.35_ | model | [2] Onderka 2001; _cites Chakrabarti 1984_ | Table 2, p. 2, row 1; `ORC-SINWO554FT` |  |
| Phase transition | 1279 K | 1279 | critical point: L1=L2; _L1: Pb 0.31_ | model | [2] Onderka 2001; _cites Teppo 1991_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031%2891%2980126-4) | Table 2, p. 2, row 3; `ORC-QHZDCDC5YI` |  |
| Phase transition | 1280 K | 1280 | critical point: L1=L2; _L1: Pb 0.4_ | model | [2] Onderka 2001; _cites Niemela 1986_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-5916%2886%2990011-8) | Table 2, p. 2, row 2; `ORC-DHPKAC6YJ7` |  |
| Phase transition | 1291.4 K | 1291.4 | critical point: L1=L2; _L1: Pb 0.4_ | model | [2] Onderka 2001 | Table 2, p. 2, row 4; `ORC-YANUS233LD` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. Cui Ping Wang, Xing Jun Liu, Ikuo Ohnuma, Ryosuke Kainuma, Kiyohito Ishida, Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-Ni-Pb system, Calphad 24, 149-167 (2000). [doi:10.1016/s0364-5916(00)00020-1](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-5916%2800%2900020-1)
2. B. Onderka, L. A. Zabdyr, A new critical assessment of the copper‐lead system, Scand Jof Metallurgy 30, 320-323 (2001). [doi:10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300507.x](https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300507.x)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).