# Cu–Sm system > Cu–Sm system: 26 accepted literature values (formation 16, invariant reaction 10) and 1 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote. HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-SM.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-SM.md 26 accepted literature values from 1 paper(s) (model 20, unspecified 6); 1 calculated phase diagram(s). Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/CU-SM.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-SM.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#CU-SM) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-SM/CuSm-96Zhu.json) · [phases (10)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CU-SM.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/CU-SM.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-SM.md) Table: Accepted values by evidence class | Evidence class | Values | |---|---:| | model | 20 | | unspecified | 6 | Table: Accepted values by property group | Property group | Values | |---|---:| | invariant reaction | 10 | | formation | 16 | ## Calculated phase diagrams Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model. Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram | TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links | |---|---|---|---| | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | W. Zhuang, Z.-Y. Qiao, S. Wei, J. Shen, J. Phase Equilib., 17, 508-21(1996). [doi:10.1007/BF02665998](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665998) | `c172df98a0ac47873d3d5bab9d9f4297f233a13a3c31fd5a2d7f4b27f21b4d37` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-SM/CuSm-96Zhu.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSm-96Zhu.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuSm-96Zhu.json) | Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component) | TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant | |---|---:|---| | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1198.43 | CU6SM (x(Sm) 0.14286) + CU5SM_D2D (x(Sm) 0.16667) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.20069) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1198.43 | CU6SM (x(Sm) 0.14286) + CU5SM_D2D (x(Sm) 0.16667) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.20033) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1198.42 | CU6SM (x(Sm) 0.14286) + CU5SM_D2D (x(Sm) 0.16667) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.2005) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1190.48 | LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.90678) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 0.99877) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99993) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1190.48 | LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.90679) + BCC_A2 (x(Sm) 0.99877) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99993) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1181.17 | FCC_A1 (x(Sm) 0) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.08103) + CU6SM (x(Sm) 0.14286) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1181.17 | FCC_A1 (x(Sm) 0) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.08094) + CU6SM (x(Sm) 0.14286) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1151.17 | CU5SM_D2D (x(Sm) 0.16667) + CU4SM (x(Sm) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.23944) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1151.17 | CU5SM_D2D (x(Sm) 0.16667) + CU4SM (x(Sm) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.23923) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1151.17 | CU5SM_D2D (x(Sm) 0.16667) + CU4SM (x(Sm) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.2396) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1101.35 | CU4SM (x(Sm) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.27971) + CU2SM (x(Sm) 0.33333) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1101.35 | CU4SM (x(Sm) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.27948) + CU2SM (x(Sm) 0.33333) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1101.35 | CU4SM (x(Sm) 0.2) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.27982) + CU2SM (x(Sm) 0.33333) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1034.78 | CU2SM (x(Sm) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.4426) + CUSM (x(Sm) 0.5) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 1034.78 | CU2SM (x(Sm) 0.33333) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.44241) + CUSM (x(Sm) 0.5) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 999.28 | LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.78755) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99994) + RHOMB_C19 (x(Sm) 1) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 999.28 | LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.78749) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99994) + RHOMB_C19 (x(Sm) 1) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 999.28 | LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.78755) + HCP_A3 (x(Sm) 0.99994) + RHOMB_C19 (x(Sm) 1) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 827.58 | CUSM (x(Sm) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.71842) + RHOMB_C19 (x(Sm) 1) | | CuSm-96Zhu.tdb | 827.58 | CUSM (x(Sm) 0.5) + LIQUID (x(Sm) 0.71838) + RHOMB_C19 (x(Sm) 1) | Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/CU/CU-SM.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/CU/CU-SM.json) ## Invariant reactions (literature) Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Cu–Sm system (10) | T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote | |---:|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1240 | congruent melting: liq \<-> Cu6Sm | liq: Sm 0.143; Cu6Sm: Cu 0.857143, Sm 0.142857 | model | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 9, p. 12, row 2; `ORC-TSOVAYU6FO` | | | 1196 | peritectic: liq + Cu6Sm \<-> Cu5Sm | liq: Sm 0.243; Cu6Sm: Cu 0.857143, Sm 0.142857; Cu5Sm: Cu 0.833333, Sm 0.166667 | model | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 9, p. 12, row 3; `ORC-TDYWINBPI2` | | | 1190 | metatectic/catatectic: Sm(bcc) \<-> liq + Sm(rhomb) | liq: Sm 0.908 | model | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 9, p. 12, row 10; `ORC-EDPPXEEQWH` | | | 1180 | eutectic: liq \<-> Cu(fcc) + Cu6Sm | liq: Sm 0.081; Cu6Sm: Cu 0.857143, Sm 0.142857 | model | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 9, p. 12, row 1; `ORC-JCD6AI5ULY` | | | 1153 | peritectic: liq + Cu5Sm \<-> Cu4Sm | liq: Sm 0.249; Cu5Sm: Cu 0.833333, Sm 0.166667; Cu4Sm: Cu 0.8, Sm 0.2 | model | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 9, p. 12, row 4; `ORC-EV2TU4WUVD` | | | 1128 | congruent melting: liq \<-> Cu2Sm | liq: Sm 0.333; Cu2Sm: Cu 0.666667, Sm 0.333333 | model | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 9, p. 12, row 6; `ORC-GDOVW6YDU3` | | | 1102 | eutectic: liq \<-> Cu4Sm + Cu2Sm | liq: Sm 0.27; Cu4Sm: Cu 0.8, Sm 0.2; Cu2Sm: Cu 0.666667, Sm 0.333333 | model | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 9, p. 12, row 5; `ORC-X7RAC32IUQ` | | | 1058 | congruent melting: liq \<-> CuSm | liq: Sm 0.5; CuSm: Cu 0.5, Sm 0.5 | model | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 9, p. 12, row 8; `ORC-BYIE5ZSIXY` | | | 1035 | eutectic: liq \<-> Cu2Sm + CuSm | liq: Sm 0.443; Cu2Sm: Cu 0.666667, Sm 0.333333; CuSm: Cu 0.5, Sm 0.5 | model | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 9, p. 12, row 7; `ORC-2YFWN7HYP2` | | | 828 | eutectic: liq \<-> CuSm + Sm(rhomb) | liq: Sm 0.718; CuSm: Cu 0.5, Sm 0.5 | model | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 9, p. 12, row 9; `ORC-NUDY32IP6C` | | ## Formation enthalpies Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json). Table: Enthalpies of formation, Cu–Sm system (16) | Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote | |---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---| | Cu2R | | -32 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | model | | | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 10, p. 13, row 63; `ORC-3WPVGEBUD4` | | | Cu2R | | -31.5 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | unspecified | | | [1] Zhuang 1996; _cites ref. 88Sub2_ | Table 10, p. 13, row 59; `ORC-SJYFUNVJC3.d65b3a` | | | Cu2R | | -29.7 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | unspecified | | | [1] Zhuang 1996; _cites ref. 88Sub2_ | Table 10, p. 13, row 62; `ORC-24COCOOAHJ` | | | Cu2R | | -21.1 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | model | | | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 10, p. 13, row 61; `ORC-JF52DBNN2M` | | | Cu4R | | -31.5 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | unspecified | | | [1] Zhuang 1996; _cites ref. 88Sub2_ | Table 10, p. 13, row 59; `ORC-SJYFUNVJC3.288c0e` | | | Cu4R | | -22.4 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | model | | | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 10, p. 13, row 60; `ORC-CVLM4P6TK5` | | | Cu4R | | -16.6 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | model | | | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 10, p. 13, row 58; `ORC-VSYIQLPWKS` | | | Cu5R | | -43.2 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | unspecified | | | [1] Zhuang 1996; _cites ref. 88Sub2_ | Table 10, p. 13, row 56; `ORC-JDEBHE7ZG5` | | | Cu5R | | -18.9 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | model | | | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 10, p. 13, row 57; `ORC-5WLDUKRRUH` | | | Cu5R | | -15 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | model | | | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 10, p. 13, row 55; `ORC-B6C5H7T7ZZ` | | | Cu6R | | -28.1 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | unspecified | | | [1] Zhuang 1996; _cites ref. 88Sub2_ | Table 10, p. 13, row 53; `ORC-3LJX233WNK` | | | Cu6R | | -16.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | model | | | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 10, p. 13, row 54; `ORC-SO3K57UHTG` | | | Cu6R | | -13.6 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | model | | | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 10, p. 13, row 52; `ORC-XLTKMUT7UN` | | | CuR | | -39.3 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | unspecified | | | [1] Zhuang 1996; _cites ref. 88Sub2_ | Table 10, p. 13, row 65; `ORC-57EJTER3E3` | | | CuR | | -31.8 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | model | | | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 10, p. 13, row 66; `ORC-5LOJ3OSDWC` | | | CuR | | -20.9 kJ/mol (basis unstated) | | model | | | [1] Zhuang 1996 | Table 10, p. 13, row 64; `ORC-OKORX7C2R7` | | ## Sources Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row). 1. W. Zhuang, Z. -Y. Qiao, S. Wei, J. Shen, Thermodynamic evaluation of the Cu-R (R: Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) binary systems, JPE 17, 508-521 (1996). [doi:10.1007/bf02665998](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02665998) ## Please cite - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891 - R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065 Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0). Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes. ```bibtex @misc{orchid_literature_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } @misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859} } @misc{orchid_hulls_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891} } @misc{orchid_data_2026, author = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon}, title = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}}, version = {2026.10}, publisher = {Zenodo}, year = {2026}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065}, note = {Version 1, machine-extracted} } ``` --- Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).