# Cu–Sn system

> Cu–Sn system: 97 accepted literature values (invariant reaction 68, formation 14, phase transition 11, phase equilibrium 4) and 9 calculated phase diagram(s) from ORCHID, each value with evidence class, source, page and quote.

HTML: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-SN.html · Markdown: https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-SN.md

97 accepted literature values from 4 paper(s) (experimental 40, model 57); 9 calculated phase diagram(s). 17 further extracted value(s) not accepted by the reader-agreement checks are only in the JSON/CSV.

Data: [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/systems/CU-SN.json) · [CSV](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-SN.csv) · [interactive explorer](https://orchid-project.org/data-explorer/#CU-SN) · [interactive phase diagram](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-SN/CuSn-02Mie.json) · [phases (16)](https://data.orchid-project.org/phases/pages/CU-SN.html) · [papers (bibliography)](https://data.orchid-project.org/bibliography/pages/systems/CU-SN.html) · [Markdown](https://data.orchid-project.org/systems/CU-SN.md)

Table: Accepted values by evidence class

| Evidence class | Values |
|---|---:|
| experimental | 40 |
| model | 57 |

Table: Accepted values by property group

| Property group | Values |
|---|---:|
| invariant reaction | 68 |
| phase transition | 11 |
| phase equilibrium | 4 |
| formation | 14 |

## Calculated phase diagrams

Binary phase diagrams calculated with pycalphad 0.11.2 from the SGTE binary collection (Hallstedt 2025, CC BY 4.0). Evidence class: model.

Table: Assessments with a calculated phase diagram

| TDB file | Assessment | SHA-256 | Links |
|---|---|---|---|
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | J. Miettinen, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 33A, 1639-48(2002). [doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7) | `dc0d6f926464208c8c12cc8b211a250ca086538dc42293c57a731272d31bda11` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-SN/CuSn-02Mie.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-02Mie.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuSn-02Mie.json) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | X.J. Liu, C.P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, R. Kainuma, K. Ishida, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 35A, 1641-54(2004). [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0) | `9154daa4811170706f521adb4abbf40be8c1e795344d89dd935ab8a986e6940d` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-SN/CuSn-04Liu.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-04Liu.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuSn-04Liu.json) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | J. Wang, C. Liu, C. Leinenbach, U.E. Klotz, P.J. Uggowitzer, J.F. Loeffler, Calphad, 35, 82-94(2011). [doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2010.12.006) | `09295a811fc146474646a37e09cd808c5ebd268ddddf4c07fde0e95f983baeb1` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-SN/CuSn-11Wan.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-11Wan.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuSn-11Wan.json) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | W. Gierlotka, J. Electron. Mater., 41, 86-108(2012). [doi:10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-011-1757-z) | `9ef08747a43ce1af82a41281d0327108d95c7adb58ba71405d64120707c12f20` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-SN/CuSn-12Gie.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-12Gie.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuSn-12Gie.json) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | D. Li, P. Franke, S. Fuertauer, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, Intermetallics, 34, 148-58(2013). [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010) | `89a7eb1b85e0f8ee0c54a4e2b13a3f8e5d974e6ff9e65c660d25bceafd974460` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-SN/CuSn-13Li.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-13Li.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuSn-13Li.json) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | H.Q. Dong, V. Vuorinen, X.M. Tao, T. Laurila, M. Paulasto-Krockel, J. Alloys Compd., 588, 449-60(2014). [doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.041) | `a2c384fc82a2fee84209e97d4778a16754440b1571de2525f42c62a59ea8c5a8` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-SN/CuSn-14Don.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-14Don.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuSn-14Don.json) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | K. Oikawa, N. Ueshima, J. Phase Equilib. Diffus., 45, 547-66(2024). [doi:10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-024-01112-z) | `2342771d678230e90a0e72c2e484fa26b7bb9a8586aa7f71288cb8df977e839d` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-SN/CuSn-24Oik.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-24Oik.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuSn-24Oik.json) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Z. Metallkd., 87, 205-12(1996). [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) | `fd6df74d5a11207143ac3f5363c6efa6ba0636a4b33d6468694a3d3b0118154f` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-SN/CuSn-96Shi-LB.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuSn-96Shi-LB.json) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | J.-H. Shim, C.-S. Oh, B.-J. Lee, D.N. Lee, Z. Metallkd., 87, 205-12(1996). [doi:10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) | `7c385a7a27d34e5f4443381d888105b470b718a70c8d1c20f126305ab63107d9` | [viewer](https://orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/#CU-SN/CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.json) · [TDB](https://orchid-project.org/data/databases/sgte-binary/CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb) · [JSON](https://data.orchid-project.org/phase-diagrams/sgte/CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.json) |

Table: Calculated three-phase invariants (model, mole fraction of the second component)

| TDB file | T (K) | Phases at the invariant |
|---|---:|---|
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 1072.05 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.07943) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.12402) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.16204) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 1030.43 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.14869) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.17512) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.20323) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 912.92 | CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.21928) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 912.92 | CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.21933) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 912.4 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.27914) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.41053) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 912.4 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.27909) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.41025) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 859.63 | CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.19582) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 859.63 | CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.19581) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 859.57 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08948) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.14377) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.15959) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 856.64 | CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 792.71 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08654) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.16483) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 792.71 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08653) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.16485) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 791.65 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.46801) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.7302) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 791.64 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.46805) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.73037) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 770.21 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.47919) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.77485) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 770.21 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.47926) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.77507) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 688.03 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.87251) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 688.03 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.87276) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 688.03 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.87284) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 623.35 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.05583) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 623.35 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.05579) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 500 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.98323) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99989) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 500 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.98336) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99989) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 460.69 | CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.455) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99995) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 460.69 | CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.455) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99995) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 460.69 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.455) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) |
| CuSn-02Mie.tdb | 460.69 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.455) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99995) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 1066.13 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.10709) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.15701) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.19383) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 1024.83 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.18924) + B2_BCC (x(Sn) 0.18972) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.25567) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 1024.83 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.18924) + B2_BCC (x(Sn) 0.18972) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.25567) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 957.57 | B2_BCC (x(Sn) 0.23704) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.34272) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 957.57 | B2_BCC (x(Sn) 0.23704) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.34272) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 957.56 | B2_BCC (x(Sn) 0.2369) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.34241) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 953.8 | B2_BCC (x(Sn) 0.22781) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 953.8 | B2_BCC (x(Sn) 0.22767) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 953.8 | B2_BCC (x(Sn) 0.22766) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 888.43 | B2_BCC (x(Sn) 0.1735) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 888.43 | B2_BCC (x(Sn) 0.17355) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 876.44 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.11543) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.15367) + B2_BCC (x(Sn) 0.15409) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 876.44 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.11543) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.15367) + B2_BCC (x(Sn) 0.15409) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 855.43 | CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 846.04 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.11682) + B2_BCC (x(Sn) 0.15513) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 846.04 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.11683) + B2_BCC (x(Sn) 0.15514) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 688.02 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.86024) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 688.02 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.8604) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 688.02 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.8606) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 633.28 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.07017) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 633.28 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.07015) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 497.6 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.97679) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 497.6 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.97704) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 459.38 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.455) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| CuSn-04Liu.tdb | 459.38 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.455) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 1068.5 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08138) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.12561) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.16435) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 1029.67 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.15148) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.16683) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.20963) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 921.9 | CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.22056) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.23077) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 921.9 | CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.22061) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.23077) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 911.56 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.28152) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.42475) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 911.56 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.28151) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.42452) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 870.17 | CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.1981) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.23077) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 870.17 | CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.19818) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.23077) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 870.17 | CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.19807) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.23077) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 860.88 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.0873) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.1439) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.15884) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 855.61 | CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.23077) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 797.38 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08397) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.16696) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 797.38 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08397) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.16697) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 687.67 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.86955) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 687.67 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.86985) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 687.67 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.87) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 605.31 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.05123) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 605.31 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.05116) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 499.98 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.98336) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99989) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 499.98 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.98349) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99989) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 460.69 | CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.45455) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99995) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 460.69 | CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.45455) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99995) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 460.69 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.45455) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45455) |
| CuSn-11Wan.tdb | 460.69 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45455) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.45455) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99995) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 1070.05 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08812) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.14828) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.16581) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 913.46 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.19882) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.23077) + CU3SN (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 913.46 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.19898) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.23077) + CU3SN (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 912.82 | CU3SN (x(Sn) 0.25) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.31298) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.42995) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 912.82 | CU3SN (x(Sn) 0.25) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.31286) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.42959) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 873.75 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.17721) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.23077) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 873.75 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.17712) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.23077) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 873.75 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.17705) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.23077) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 842.3 | CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.23077) + CU3SN (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 793.31 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08018) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.14789) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 793.31 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08018) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.14789) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 689.63 | CU3SN (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45468) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.87739) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 689.63 | CU3SN (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45468) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.8772) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 620.55 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.04725) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) + CU3SN (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 620.55 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.04721) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.21154) + CU3SN (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 500 | CU6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45499) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.98393) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| CuSn-12Gie.tdb | 500 | CU6SN5 (x(Sn) 0.45499) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.98397) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 1071.43 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08564) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.14433) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.15831) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 1071.43 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08564) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.14433) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.15831) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 946.03 | BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.22339) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 921.27 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.27626) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.41317) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 921.27 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.27626) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.41317) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 914.47 | BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.21862) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 914.47 | BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.21869) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 873.7 | BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.20051) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 861.76 | CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 790.92 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.09094) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.16964) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 790.92 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.09094) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.16964) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 684.5 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45473) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.86752) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 684.5 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45473) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.86782) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 624.8 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.06226) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 624.8 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.06221) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 498.31 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45498) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.97888) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.9999) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 461.01 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.45422) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45495) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 461.01 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.45421) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45495) |
| CuSn-13Li.tdb | 459.12 | CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.45483) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45499) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99995) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 1071.43 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08564) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.14433) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.15831) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 1071.43 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08564) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.14433) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.15831) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 946.03 | BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.22339) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_LT (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 921.27 | CU3SN_LT (x(Sn) 0.25) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.27626) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.41317) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 921.27 | CU3SN_LT (x(Sn) 0.25) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.27626) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.41317) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 914.47 | BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.21867) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_LT (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 875.73 | BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.20113) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 862.63 | CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_LT (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 787.82 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.09076) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.17) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 787.82 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.09076) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.17) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 684.36 | CU3SN_LT (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.4488) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.86763) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 684.36 | CU3SN_LT (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.44882) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.86794) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 653.03 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.0677) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU3SN_LT (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 653.03 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.06769) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU3SN_LT (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 498.25 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45976) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.97872) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99989) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 463.1 | CU3SN_LT (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_LT (x(Sn) 0.45316) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45408) |
| CuSn-14Don.tdb | 457.14 | CU6SN5_LT (x(Sn) 0.45993) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.4609) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99995) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 1058.93 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08063) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.14285) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.16047) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 886.42 | CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.25459) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 871.77 | BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.1997) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 803.83 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.30069) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.64579) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 803.83 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.30069) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.64579) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 799.98 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08587) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.16587) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 799.98 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08587) + BCC_4SL (x(Sn) 0.16587) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 783.21 | CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 700.05 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45496) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.84559) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 545.12 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.04096) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 545.12 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.0409) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 501.9 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.98915) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 462.7 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.45439) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 462.7 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.45438) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 461.15 | CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.45485) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 461.15 | CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.45485) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| CuSn-24Oik.tdb | 461.15 | CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.45485) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.455) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 1069.12 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08198) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.12515) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.16356) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 1029.67 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.15148) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.16683) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.20963) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 913.25 | CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.21657) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 913.25 | CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.21663) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 911.56 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.28152) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.42475) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 911.56 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.28151) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.42452) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 863.12 | CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.19723) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 863.12 | CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.19707) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 863.11 | CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.19712) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 859.04 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08907) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.14382) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.15876) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 855.61 | CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 791.8 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08537) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.16732) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 791.8 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08535) + CU3SN_D03 (x(Sn) 0.16735) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 688.85 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.44932) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.86845) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 688.85 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.44933) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.8687) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 621.21 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.05406) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 621.21 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.05401) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 499.99 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45825) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.98352) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99989) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 461.74 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45155) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.455) |
| CuSn-96Shi-LB.tdb | 459.32 | CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.455) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45889) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 0.99995) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 1089.42 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.06907) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.13335) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.15128) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 920.57 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.28302) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.41224) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 920.57 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.28291) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.41198) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 908.11 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.21079) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 908.11 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.21086) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 841.65 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.17923) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 841.65 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.17922) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 841.65 | BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.17913) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 813.19 | CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU10SN3 (x(Sn) 0.231) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 796.95 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08648) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.16085) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 796.95 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.08647) + BCC_A2 (x(Sn) 0.16084) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 691.2 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45466) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.86749) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 691.2 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45466) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.86767) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 621.21 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.05406) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 621.21 | FCC_A1 (x(Sn) 0.05399) + CU41SN11 (x(Sn) 0.212) + CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 500.38 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45498) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.98469) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 500.38 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45498) + LIQUID (x(Sn) 0.98473) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 460.61 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45499) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.455) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 460.61 | CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45499) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.455) + BCT_A5 (x(Sn) 1) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 460.3 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45494) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.455) |
| CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.tdb | 460.3 | CU3SN_L (x(Sn) 0.25) + CU6SN5_B81 (x(Sn) 0.45494) + CU6SN5_L (x(Sn) 0.455) |

Convex hulls: [Materials Project DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-mp/CU/CU-SN.json) · [OQMD DFT hull](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/dft-oqmd/CU/CU-SN.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuSn-02Mie](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-SN--CuSn-02Mie.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuSn-04Liu](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-SN--CuSn-04Liu.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuSn-11Wan](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-SN--CuSn-11Wan.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuSn-12Gie](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-SN--CuSn-12Gie.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuSn-13Li](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-SN--CuSn-13Li.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuSn-14Don](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-SN--CuSn-14Don.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuSn-96Shi-LB](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-SN--CuSn-96Shi-LB.json) · [CALPHAD hull CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL](https://data.orchid-project.org/hulls/calphad-sgte/CU/CU-SN--CuSn-96Shi-SGSOL.json)

## Invariant reactions (literature)

Table: Invariant reactions reported in the literature for the Cu–Sn system (68)

| T (K) | Reaction / phases | Compositions (mole fraction) | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---:|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1072.15 | Fcc-bcc-liquid | Fcc: Sn 0.079; bcc: Sn 0.124; L: Sn 0.162 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002 | Table IV, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-YUJD2QNYPK` |  |
| 1071.15 | Fcc-bcc-liquid | Fcc: Sn 0.077; bcc: Sn 0.131; L: Sn 0.155 | experimental | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Raynor 1994_ | Table IV, p. 6, row 1; `ORC-RCUI47LTAX` |  |
| 1071 | peritectic: α + L \<-> β | α: Sn 0.077; L: Sn 0.155; β: Sn 0.131 | model | [2] Li 2013; _cites Saunders 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 1; `ORC-NT5GXNXETX` |  |
| 1071 | peritectic: α + L \<-> β | α: Sn 0.086; L: Sn 0.158; β: Sn 0.144 | model | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 3; `ORC-PPADZ72HVX` |  |
| 1071 | peritectic: α + L \<-> β | α: Sn 0.077; L: Sn 0.15; β: Sn 0.126 | experimental | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-ZWOCYFQVHU` |  |
| 1070.15 | Fcc-bcc-liquid | Fcc: Sn 0.08; bcc: Sn 0.124; L: Sn 0.162 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Shim 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) | Table IV, p. 6, row 2; `ORC-6CEUUSEW3F` |  |
| 1040 | peritectic: β + L \<-> γ |  | model | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 6; `ORC-UUWR5NOB27` |  |
| 1031 | peritectic: β + L \<-> γ | β: Sn 0.161; L: Sn 0.187; γ: Sn 0.161 | experimental | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 5; `ORC-D3Y5HHGAEN` |  |
| 1030.15 | Bcc-γ-liquid | Bcc: Sn 0.149; γ: Sn 0.175; L: Sn 0.203 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002 | Table IV, p. 6, row 6; `ORC-7F3CZ5D42T` |  |
| 1030.15 | Bcc-γ-liquid | Bcc: Sn 0.152; γ: Sn 0.167; L: Sn 0.21 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Shim 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) | Table IV, p. 6, row 5; `ORC-S4Q7NSG54N` |  |
| 1028.15 | Bcc-γ-liquid | Bcc: Sn 0.158; γ: Sn 0.165; L: Sn 0.191 | experimental | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Raynor 1994_ | Table IV, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-DC655CDVSG` |  |
| 1028 | peritectic: β + L \<-> γ | β: Sn 0.158; L: Sn 0.191; γ: Sn 0.165 | model | [2] Li 2013; _cites Saunders 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 4; `ORC-V23FWKI6QI` |  |
| 922 | metatectic/catatectic: γ \<-> ε + L | γ: Sn 0.29; ε: Sn 0.259; L: Sn 0.431 | experimental | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 10; `ORC-M2IJOXVV35` |  |
| 921 | metatectic/catatectic: γ \<-> ε + L | γ: Sn 0.276; ε: Sn 0.25; L: Sn 0.413 | model | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 11; `ORC-L2CZYSB2YV` |  |
| 914 | peritectoid: γ + ε \<-> ζ | γ: Sn 0.22; ε: Sn 0.245; ζ: Sn 0.226 | experimental | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 13; `ORC-OQ7EZMOE6J` |  |
| 914 | peritectoid: γ + ε \<-> ζ | γ: Sn 0.219; ε: Sn 0.25; ζ: Sn 0.231 | model | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 14; `ORC-QW2U2ZY5SK` |  |
| 913.15 | γ-ε-liquid | γ: Sn 0.259; ε: Sn 0.279; L: Sn 0.431 | experimental | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Raynor 1994_ | Table IV, p. 6, row 13; `ORC-G2A2IB6XOL` |  |
| 913.15 | γ-ζ-ε | γ: Sn 0.218; ζ: Sn 0.225; ε: Sn 0.245 | experimental | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Raynor 1994_ | Table IV, p. 6, row 10; `ORC-RC23HBHO6E` |  |
| 913.15 | γ-ζ-ε | γ: Sn 0.219; ζ: Sn 0.231; ε: Sn 0.25 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002 | Table IV, p. 6, row 12; `ORC-YG6VPWF27S` |  |
| 913.15 | γ-ζ-ε | γ: Sn 0.217; ζ: Sn 0.231; ε: Sn 0.25 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Shim 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) | Table IV, p. 6, row 11; `ORC-YKPFQXVNER` |  |
| 913 | peritectoid: γ + ε \<-> ζ | γ: Sn 0.218; ε: Sn 0.245; ζ: Sn 0.225 | model | [2] Li 2013; _cites Saunders 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 12; `ORC-YFUG34FOAY` |  |
| 913 | metatectic/catatectic: γ \<-> ε + L | γ: Sn 0.279; ε: Sn 0.259; L: Sn 0.431 | model | [2] Li 2013; _cites Saunders 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 9; `ORC-ZNHUMG4RT5` |  |
| 912.15 | γ-ε-liquid | γ: Sn 0.25; ε: Sn 0.279; L: Sn 0.41 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002 | Table IV, p. 6, row 15; `ORC-442CGXCSXZ` |  |
| 912.15 | γ-ε-liquid | γ: Sn 0.25; ε: Sn 0.282; L: Sn 0.425 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Shim 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) | Table IV, p. 6, row 14; `ORC-LXK76BEMAJ` |  |
| 892 | eutectoid: β \<-> α + γ |  | model | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 20; `ORC-XWAICZWDIE` |  |
| 876 | peritectoid: γ + ζ \<-> δ | γ: Sn 0.203; ζ: Sn 0.216; δ: Sn 0.205 | experimental | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 16; `ORC-WWC7PUXCXT` |  |
| 874 | peritectoid: γ + ζ \<-> δ | γ: Sn 0.2; ζ: Sn 0.231; δ: Sn 0.212 | model | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 17; `ORC-IX4B3NSIAK` |  |
| 863.15 | γ-δ-ζ | γ: Sn 0.198; δ: Sn 0.203; ζ: Sn 0.209 | experimental | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Raynor 1994_ | Table IV, p. 6, row 16; `ORC-5VIJ7J7CVD` |  |
| 863.15 | γ-δ-ζ | γ: Sn 0.197; δ: Sn 0.211; ζ: Sn 0.225 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Shim 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) | Table IV, p. 6, row 17; `ORC-NMOIQPFL5B` |  |
| 863 | peritectoid: γ + ζ \<-> δ | γ: Sn 0.198; ζ: Sn 0.209; δ: Sn 0.203 | model | [2] Li 2013; _cites Saunders 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 15; `ORC-JONUCSMPXX` |  |
| 862 | eutectoid: ζ \<-> δ + ε | ζ: Sn 0.243; δ: Sn 0.21; ε: Sn 0.245 | experimental | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 22; `ORC-2YEBZ4EDKU` |  |
| 862 | eutectoid: ζ \<-> δ + ε | ζ: Sn 0.231; δ: Sn 0.212; ε: Sn 0.25 | model | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 23; `ORC-ZHGXMYRBCC` |  |
| 859.15 | Fcc-bcc-γ | Fcc: Sn 0.091; bcc: Sn 0.149; γ: Sn 0.154 | experimental | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Raynor 1994_ | Table IV, p. 6, row 19; `ORC-36ON32FBOO` |  |
| 859.15 | Fcc-bcc-γ | Fcc: Sn 0.089; bcc: Sn 0.144; γ: Sn 0.16 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002 | Table IV, p. 6, row 21; `ORC-RBBCVAPFKX.130876` |  |
| 859.15 | γ-δ-ζ | γ: Sn 0.196; δ: Sn 0.211; ζ: Sn 0.225 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002 | Table IV, p. 6, row 18; `ORC-RBBCVAPFKX.4a6c18` |  |
| 859.15 | Fcc-bcc-γ | Fcc: Sn 0.089; bcc: Sn 0.144; γ: Sn 0.159 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Shim 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) | Table IV, p. 6, row 20; `ORC-TNANNIDSL5` |  |
| 859 | eutectoid: β \<-> α + γ | β: Sn 0.149; α: Sn 0.091; γ: Sn 0.16 | model | [2] Li 2013; _cites Saunders 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 18; `ORC-KGPKFVXYAL` |  |
| 856.15 | δ-ζ-ε | δ: Sn 0.211; ζ: Sn 0.225; ε: Sn 0.25 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002 | Table IV, p. 6, row 24; `ORC-4NDX3SJKG3` |  |
| 856.15 | δ-ζ-ε | δ: Sn 0.211; ζ: Sn 0.225; ε: Sn 0.25 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Shim 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) | Table IV, p. 6, row 23; `ORC-GPSS4CDV3B` |  |
| 855.15 | δ-ζ-ε | δ: Sn 0.208; ζ: Sn 0.217; ε: Sn 0.245 | experimental | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Raynor 1994_ | Table IV, p. 6, row 22; `ORC-U5DFG7BXTZ` |  |
| 855 | eutectoid: ζ \<-> δ + ε | ζ: Sn 0.217; δ: Sn 0.208; ε: Sn 0.245 | model | [2] Li 2013; _cites Saunders 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 21; `ORC-RL3YYS4TZP` |  |
| 839 | eutectoid: β \<-> α + γ | β: Sn 0.165; α: Sn 0.091; γ: Sn 0.165 | experimental | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 19; `ORC-VORUVLYXNK` |  |
| 793.15 | Fcc-γ-δ | Fcc: Sn 0.087; γ: Sn 0.168; δ: Sn 0.211 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Shim 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) | Table IV, p. 6, row 26; `ORC-AFLFHATM3C` |  |
| 793.15 | Fcc-γ-δ | Fcc: Sn 0.087; γ: Sn 0.165; δ: Sn 0.211 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002 | Table IV, p. 6, row 27; `ORC-OKXCVRMXZW` |  |
| 793.15 | Fcc-γ-δ | Fcc: Sn 0.091; γ: Sn 0.165; δ: Sn 0.204 | experimental | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Raynor 1994_ | Table IV, p. 6, row 25; `ORC-ZV7P52AFLA` |  |
| 793 | eutectoid: γ \<-> α + δ | γ: Sn 0.165; α: Sn 0.091; δ: Sn 0.204 | model | [2] Li 2013; _cites Saunders 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 24; `ORC-3OIPQEZZUW` |  |
| 791 | eutectoid: γ \<-> α + δ | γ: Sn 0.17; α: Sn 0.091; δ: Sn 0.212 | model | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 26; `ORC-OJ6OH43GOZ` |  |
| 791 | eutectoid: γ \<-> α + δ | γ: Sn 0.175; α: Sn 0.091; δ: Sn 0.206 | experimental | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 25; `ORC-SPZGU7U272` |  |
| 688.15 | Liquid-ε-η | L: Sn 0.869; ε: Sn 0.25; η: Sn 0.455 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Shim 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) | Table IV, p. 6, row 29; `ORC-MEPRC3SCWT` |  |
| 688.15 | Liquid-ε-η | L: Sn 0.873; ε: Sn 0.25; η: Sn 0.455 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002 | Table IV, p. 6, row 30; `ORC-RIX6K5NUVP` |  |
| 688.15 | Liquid-ε-η | L: Sn 0.867; ε: Sn 0.249; η: Sn 0.435 | experimental | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Raynor 1994_ | Table IV, p. 6, row 28; `ORC-ZC2Q5QDWJR` |  |
| 688 | peritectoid: ε + L \<-> η | ε: Sn 0.249; L: Sn 0.867; η: Sn 0.435 | model | [2] Li 2013; _cites Saunders 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 27; `ORC-5Q4Z4K4WPB` |  |
| 685 | peritectoid: ε + L \<-> η | ε: Sn 0.25; L: Sn 0.868; η: Sn 0.455 | model | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 29; `ORC-VEK5U3CFRZ` |  |
| 681 | peritectoid: ε + L \<-> η | ε: Sn 0.253; L: Sn 0.867; η: Sn 0.446 | experimental | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 28; `ORC-CEBLLGC2QC` |  |
| 625 | eutectoid: δ \<-> α + ε | δ: Sn 0.212; α: Sn 0.062; ε: Sn 0.25 | model | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 31; `ORC-7VRLWFW7UB` |  |
| 623.15 | Fcc-δ-ε | Fcc: Sn 0.056; δ: Sn 0.211; ε: Sn 0.25 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Shim 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) | Table IV, p. 6, row 32; `ORC-AYJ4FASZVV` |  |
| 623.15 | Fcc-δ-ε | Fcc: Sn 0.056; δ: Sn 0.211; ε: Sn 0.25 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002 | Table IV, p. 6, row 33; `ORC-KNJOINWPN5` |  |
| 623.15 | Fcc-δ-ε | Fcc: Sn 0.062; δ: Sn 0.205; ε: Sn 0.245 | experimental | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Raynor 1994_ | Table IV, p. 6, row 31; `ORC-PQRL42YYBC` |  |
| 623 | eutectoid: δ \<-> α + ε | δ: Sn 0.205; α: Sn 0.062; ε: Sn 0.245 | model | [2] Li 2013; _cites Saunders 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 30; `ORC-QXFZQW2VFC` |  |
| 500.15 | Liquid-η-Sn | L: Sn 0.983; η: Sn 0.455; Sn: Sn 1 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002 | Table IV, p. 6, row 36; `ORC-H7BEJ3NQKG` |  |
| 500.15 | Liquid-η-Sn | L: Sn 0.987; η: Sn 0.455; Sn: Sn 1 | experimental | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Raynor 1994_ | Table IV, p. 6, row 34; `ORC-QPVGLARUSI` |  |
| 500.15 | Liquid-η-Sn | L: Sn 0.984; η: Sn 0.455; Sn: Sn 1 | model | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Shim 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) | Table IV, p. 6, row 35; `ORC-UKKLFQGRE4` |  |
| 500 | eutectic: L \<-> η + (Sn) | L: Sn 0.987; η: Sn 0.455; (Sn): Sn 1 | model | [2] Li 2013; _cites Saunders 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 32; `ORC-QCXNYHQXTQ` |  |
| 498 | eutectic: L \<-> η + (Sn) | L: Sn 0.979; η: Sn 0.455; (Sn): Sn 0.999 | model | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 33; `ORC-DSQDSNGGVV` |  |
| 462 | peritectoid: ε + η \<-> η' | η: Sn 0.454545; η': Sn 0.455 | model | [2] Li 2013; _cites Saunders 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 34; `ORC-QQJWXAXP6L` |  |
| 461 | peritectoid: ε + η \<-> η' | ε: Sn 0.25; η: Sn 0.455; η': Sn 0.454 | model | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 35; `ORC-W7PQRTC5DG` |  |
| 461 | eutectoid: η \<-> η' + (Sn) | η: Sn 0.454545; η': Sn 0.455 | model | [2] Li 2013; _cites Saunders 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 36; `ORC-ZF4OBX3ZRH` |  |
| 459 | eutectoid: η \<-> η' + (Sn) | η: Sn 0.455; η': Sn 0.455; (Sn): Sn 1 | model | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 37; `ORC-GZVUIBRKGT` |  |

## Formation enthalpies

Literature values in kJ/mol-atom where the per-atom basis is known. DFT columns: the lowest-energy entry at the same composition (Materials Project 2026.04.13, OQMD v1.8; different energy references, never averaged), from [dft_parity.json](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/dft_parity.json).

Table: Enthalpies of formation, Cu–Sn system (14)

| Phase | Compound | Value | T (K) | Class | MP DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | OQMD DFT (kJ/mol-atom) | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---|---:|---:|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|
| δ (Cu41Sn11) | [Cu41Sn11](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cu41Sn11.html) | -6.116 kJ/mol-atom | 723 | model | 1.696 (mp-aaacrbeg) |  | [2] Li 2013 | Table 3, p. 8, row 4; `ORC-ICTETVOAFE` |  |
| δ (Cu41Sn11) | [Cu41Sn11](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cu41Sn11.html) | -5.7 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | 1.696 (mp-aaacrbeg) |  | [2] Li 2013; _cites Flandorfer 2007_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2007.04.004) | Table 3, p. 8, row 3; `ORC-BZ2XTPWVKN` |  |
| δ (Cu41Sn11) | [Cu41Sn11](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cu41Sn11.html) | -5.205 kJ/mol-atom | 723 | experimental | 1.696 (mp-aaacrbeg) |  | [2] Li 2013; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 3, p. 8, row 2; `ORC-XMQX5DVICF` |  |
| δ (Cu41Sn11) | [Cu41Sn11](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cu41Sn11.html) | -4.99 kJ/mol-atom | 723 | experimental | 1.696 (mp-aaacrbeg) |  | [2] Li 2013; _cites Kleppa 1956_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/j150541a003) | Table 3, p. 8, row 1; `ORC-TVSABOSBAW` |  |
| ε (Cu3Sn) | [Cu3Sn](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cu3Sn.html) | -8.368 kJ/mol-atom | 293 | experimental | 0.024 (mp-aaaaatli) | -2.629 (oqmd-2046398) | [2] Li 2013; _cites Biltz 1924_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19241340104) | Table 3, p. 8, row 5; `ORC-MU5BC7WIKG` |  |
| ε (Cu3Sn) | [Cu3Sn](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cu3Sn.html) | -8.2 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | 0.024 (mp-aaaaatli) | -2.629 (oqmd-2046398) | [2] Li 2013; _cites Flandorfer 2007_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2007.04.004) | Table 3, p. 8, row 9; `ORC-H7SZMN4I55` |  |
| ε (Cu3Sn) | [Cu3Sn](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cu3Sn.html) | -8.113 kJ/mol-atom | 723 | model | 0.024 (mp-aaaaatli) | -2.629 (oqmd-2046398) | [2] Li 2013 | Table 3, p. 8, row 10; `ORC-GJK3AQYWRW` |  |
| ε (Cu3Sn) | [Cu3Sn](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cu3Sn.html) | -7.824 kJ/mol-atom | 273 | experimental | 0.024 (mp-aaaaatli) | -2.629 (oqmd-2046398) | [2] Li 2013; _cites Cohen 1954_ | Table 3, p. 8, row 6; `ORC-WGXLH6NIDN` |  |
| ε (Cu3Sn) | [Cu3Sn](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cu3Sn.html) | -7.777 kJ/mol-atom | 723 | experimental | 0.024 (mp-aaaaatli) | -2.629 (oqmd-2046398) | [2] Li 2013; _cites Kleppa 1956_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1021/j150541a003) | Table 3, p. 8, row 7; `ORC-W6EBAPUDE2` |  |
| ε (Cu3Sn) | [Cu3Sn](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cu3Sn.html) | -7.531 kJ/mol-atom | 723 | experimental | 0.024 (mp-aaaaatli) | -2.629 (oqmd-2046398) | [2] Li 2013; _cites Hultgren 1973_ | Table 3, p. 8, row 8; `ORC-ICLIQQQEVE` |  |
| η (Cu6Sn5_H) | [Cu6Sn5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cu6Sn5.html) | -6.6 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | model | -1.267 (mp-aaaaabvl) | -5.877 (oqmd-18303) | [2] Li 2013 | Table 3, p. 8, row 14; `ORC-VSGDM37AYX` |  |
| η (Cu6Sn5_H) | [Cu6Sn5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cu6Sn5.html) | -6.1 kJ/mol-atom | 298.15 | experimental | -1.267 (mp-aaaaabvl) | -5.877 (oqmd-18303) | [2] Li 2013; _cites Flandorfer 2007_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2007.04.004) | Table 3, p. 8, row 13; `ORC-JWABTMIMVE` |  |
| η' (Cu6Sn5_L) | [Cu6Sn5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cu6Sn5.html) | -7.13 kJ/mol-atom | 273 | model | -1.267 (mp-aaaaabvl) | -5.877 (oqmd-18303) | [2] Li 2013 | Table 3, p. 8, row 12; `ORC-77B5M2I2C6.36f0d3` |  |
| η′ (Cu6Sn5_L) | [Cu6Sn5](https://data.orchid-project.org/compounds/Cu6Sn5.html) | -7.033 kJ/mol-atom | 273 | experimental | -1.267 (mp-aaaaabvl) | -5.877 (oqmd-18303) | [2] Li 2013; _cites Gangulee 1973_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02643268) | Table 3, p. 8, row 11; `ORC-56BYOR4HWG.87c2a1` |  |

## Other properties

### Phase transition (11)

Table: Phase transition, Cu–Sn system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase transition | 624.15 K | 624.15 | other | model | [3] Dong 2014; _cites Li 2013_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010) | p. 2; `ORC-PKIB65PYVH` | “Furthermore, the parameter of Cu41Sn11 was modified on the basis of the work of \[12\], since the decomposition temperature of Cu41Sn11 was estimated to be at 351 °C in \[12\] while this phase was found to be unstable lower than 380 °C in Au-Cu-Sn ternary system \[16\].” |
| Phase transition | 788.15 K | 788.15 | other: First-Order Transition; _alloy: Cu 0.88, Sn 0.12_ | experimental | [4] Liu 2004 | Table II, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-E6O74B5MZL` |  |
| Phase transition | 847.15 K | 847.15 | other: B2/D0_3 Second-Order Transition; _alloy: Cu 0.88, Sn 0.12_ | experimental | [4] Liu 2004 | Table II, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-4NY6XLHCKU` |  |
| Phase transition | 922.15 K | 922.15 | other: B2/D0_3 Second-Order Transition; _alloy: Cu 0.831, Sn 0.169_ | experimental | [4] Liu 2004 | Table II, p. 5, row 7; `ORC-ARQWIEGYRH` |  |
| Phase transition | 941.15 K | 941.15 | γ-ε; _γ: Sn 0.25; ε: Sn 0.25_ | model | [1] Miettinen 2002 | Table IV, p. 6, row 9; `ORC-2UBJRQHYNG` |  |
| Phase transition | 945 K | 945 | congruent transformation: γ \<-> ε; _γ: Sn 0.25; ε: Sn 0.25_ | model | [2] Li 2013 | Table 2, p. 6, row 8; `ORC-BJSD6SA7UJ` |  |
| Phase transition | 949 K | 949 | congruent transformation: γ \<-> ε; _γ: Sn 0.25; ε: Sn 0.25_ | model | [2] Li 2013; _cites Saunders 1994_ | Table 2, p. 6, row 7; `ORC-LIM2JQJRB4` |  |
| Phase transition | 949.15 K | 949.15 | γ-ε; _γ: Sn 0.25; ε: Sn 0.25_ | experimental | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Raynor 1994_ | Table IV, p. 6, row 7; `ORC-7OPMC4CQIO` |  |
| Phase transition | 950.15 K | 950.15 | γ-ε; _γ: Sn 0.25; ε: Sn 0.25_ | model | [1] Miettinen 2002; _cites Shim 1996_ [doi](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1996-870310) | Table IV, p. 6, row 8; `ORC-A5ZG6UYITF` |  |
| Phase transition | 972.15 K | 972.15 | other: B2/D0_3 Second-Order Transition; _alloy: Cu 0.801, Sn 0.199_ | experimental | [4] Liu 2004 | Table II, p. 5, row 11; `ORC-F3XXSQAASS` |  |
| Phase transition | 984.15 K | 984.15 | other: B2/D0_3 Second-Order Transition; _alloy: Cu 0.777, Sn 0.223_ | experimental | [4] Liu 2004 | Table II, p. 5, row 15; `ORC-3O5TJGGWGH` |  |

### Phase equilibrium (4)

Table: Phase equilibrium, Cu–Sn system

| Property | Value | T (K) | Phases / composition | Class | Source | Location | Quote |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase composition |  | 873.15 | α(fcc) + β(bcc); _α(fcc): Cu 0.914, Sn 0.086; β(bcc): Cu 0.858, Sn 0.142_ | experimental | [4] Liu 2004 | Table III, p. 5, row 4; `ORC-V6A6ATF67N` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 923.15 | A2/B2 + α(fcc) + β(bcc); _A2/B2: Cu 0.847, Sn 0.153; α(fcc): Cu 0.915, Sn 0.085; β(bcc): Cu 0.862, Sn 0.138_ | experimental | [4] Liu 2004 | Table III, p. 5, row 3; `ORC-VMBVTOLOHH` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 973.15 | A2/B2 + β(bcc) + Liquid + α(fcc); _A2/B2: Cu 0.848, Sn 0.152; β(bcc): Cu 0.869, Sn 0.131; Liquid: Cu 0.658, Sn 0.342; α(fcc): Cu 0.922, Sn 0.078_ | experimental | [4] Liu 2004 | Table III, p. 5, row 2; `ORC-2JVWMZ4RBA` |  |
| Phase composition |  | 1003.15 | A2/B2 + β(bcc) + Liquid; _A2/B2: Cu 0.837, Sn 0.163; β(bcc): Cu 0.772, Sn 0.228; Liquid: Cu 0.721, Sn 0.279_ | experimental | [4] Liu 2004 | Table III, p. 5, row 1; `ORC-I457SMBNSE` |  |

## Sources

Reporting papers the values were read from (a value cited from another work names that work in its row).

1. J. Miettinen, Thermodynamic description of the Cu-Al-Sn system in the copper-rich corner, Metall Mater Trans A 33, 1639-1648 (2002). [doi:10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0173-7)
2. D. Li, P. Franke, S. Fürtauer, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, The Cu–Sn phase diagram part II: New thermodynamic assessment, Intermetallics 34, 148-158 (2013). [doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.010)
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4. X. J. Liu, R. Kainuma, C. P. Wang, I. Ohnuma, K. Ishida, Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculation of the phase equilibria in the Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Mn systems, Metall Mater Trans A 35, 1641-1654 (2004). [doi:10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-004-0073-0)

## Please cite

- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD) (version 2026.10), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891
- R. Arróyave, J. Saal, D. Shin, ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets (version 2026.10; Version 1, machine-extracted), Zenodo (2026). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065

Also cite the original source of every value you use (paper_citation / paper_doi, and cited_dois for values the paper cites from earlier work); B. Hallstedt, The SGTE collection of binary datasets, Calphad 89 (2025) 102833, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2025.102833 (CC BY 4.0), and the original assessment named in each file; A. Jain et al., The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation, APL Materials 1 (2013) 011002, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4812323 (CC BY 4.0); J. E. Saal et al., JOM 65 (2013) 1501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0755-4 and S. Kirklin et al., npj Comput. Mater. 1 (2015) 15010, https://doi.org/10.1038/npjcompumats.2015.10 (CC BY 4.0).

Version 1, machine-extracted: values were read by language-model readers constrained to quote their source and checked automatically, and the release was then audited on the printed pages by adversarial audits, an independent second review of fit-facing records and a preliminary human review of a frozen sample. Flags such as accepted and ESPEI-ready record screening results, not certification; known issues are listed in the release notes.

```bibtex
@misc{orchid_literature_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Values: thermodynamic and phase-equilibrium values read from the literature}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735569},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}

@misc{orchid_phase_diagrams_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Diagrams: calculated binary phase diagrams}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735859},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735859}
}

@misc{orchid_hulls_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID-Hulls: binary convex hulls (Materials Project, OQMD, assessed CALPHAD)}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23735891},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23735891}
}

@misc{orchid_data_2026,
  author    = {Arr{\'o}yave, Raymundo and Saal, James and Shin, Dongwon},
  title     = {{ORCHID data: umbrella record of the ORCHID datasets}},
  version   = {2026.10},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  year      = {2026},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23736065},
  note      = {Version 1, machine-extracted}
}
```

---

Derived data CC BY 4.0 ([licence](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)): cite ORCHID ([CITATION.cff](https://data.orchid-project.org/CITATION.cff)) and the original sources. Quotes are short excerpts kept so that each value can be checked; they remain under the publishers' copyright and are not relicensed. Source papers, page images and full text are not redistributed. Field reference: [SCHEMA.md](https://data.orchid-project.org/literature/SCHEMA.md). Machine-readable guide: [llms.txt](https://data.orchid-project.org/llms.txt). Found an error? The report link of a value (Markdown: its id, ORC-..., in the Location column) opens a pre-filled GitHub issue, https://github.com/orchid-calphad/orchid-data/issues/new?template=report-value-error.yml&record_id=\<id>, carrying only the record id, source and value; [how to contribute](https://orchid-project.org/contribute/).